Test Bank Chapter 2

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Test bank chapter 2
Managerial Finance (Birzeit University)
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Chapter 03
How to Calculate Present Values
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (p. 34) The present value of $100 expected in two years from today at a discount rate of 6%
is:
a. $116.64
b. $108.00
c. $100.00
D. $89.00
PV = 100 / (1.06^2) = 89.00
Type: Easy

2. (p. 34) Present Value is defined as:

A. Future cash flows discounted to the present at an appropriate discount rate
b. Inverse of future cash flows
c. Present cash flow compounded into the future
d. None of the above
Type: Easy

3. (p. 34) If the interest rate is 12%, what is the 2- year discount factor?
A. 0.7972
b. 0.8929
c. 1.2544
DF2 = 1 / (1.12^2) = 0.7972
Type: Easy

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4. (p. 35) If the present value of the cash flow X is $240, and the present value cash flow Y
$160, then the present value of the combined cash flow is:
a. $240
b. $160
c. $80
D. $400
PV (x + y) = PV (x) + PV (y) = 240 + 160 = 400
Type: Easy

5. (p. 36) The absence of money machines means there are:

a. No opportunities for borrowing
b. No opportunities for investment
C. No opportunities for arbitrage
d. All of the above
Type: Medium

6. (p. 36) If the 2-year discount factor is 0.64, what is the rate of interest (in APR)?
a. 10%
B. 25%
c. 40%
0.64 = 1/(1+r)^2; (1+r)^2 = 1.5625; 1+r = 1.25; r = 25%
Type: Medium

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7. (p. 36) What is the present value of the following cash flow at a discount rate of 9%?
A. $372,431.81
b. $450,000
c. $405,950.68
PV = (100,000/1.09) + (150,000/(1.09^2)) + 200,000/(1.09^3) = 372,431.81
Type: Medium

8. (p. 36) At an interest rate of 10%, which of the following cash flows should you prefer?
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
A. 500 300 100
b. 100 300 500
c. 300 300 300
d. Any of the above as they all add up to $900
PV(A) = 777.61; PV(B) = 714.50; PV(C) = 746.05; A is preferred
Type: Medium

9. (p. 37) What is the net present value of the following cash flow at a discount rate of 11%?
A. $69,108.03
b. $231,432.51
c. $80,000
NPV = -120,000 + (300,000/1.11) - (100,000/(1.11^2)) = 69,108.03
Type: Medium

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10. (p. 37) What is the present value of the following cash flow at a discount rate of 16% APR?
A. $136,741.97
b. $122,948.87
c. $158,620.69
PV = (-100,000/1.16) + (300,000/(1.16^2)) = 136,741.97
Type: Medium

11. (p. 37) What is the net present value (NPV) of the following cash flows at a discount rate of
9%?
A. $122,431.81
b. $200,000
c. $155,950.68
NPV = -250,000 + (100,000/1.09) + (150,000/(1.09^2)) + (200,000/(1.09^3))
Type: Medium

12. (p. 38) A perpetuity is defined as:

a. Equal cash flows at equal intervals of time for a specific number of periods
B. Equal cash flows at equal intervals of time forever
c. Unequal cash flows at equal intervals of time forever
Type: Easy

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13. (p. 38) Which of the following is generally considered an example of a perpetuity:

a. Interest payments on a 10-year bond
b. Interest payments on a 30-year bond
C. Consols
Type: Easy

14. (p. 38) You would like to have enough money saved to receive $100,000 per year perpetuity
after retirement so that you and your family can lead a good life. How much would you need
to save in your retirement fund to achieve this goal (assume that the perpetuity payments start
one year from the date of your retirement. The interest rate is 12.5%)?
a. $1,000,000
b. $10,000,000
C. $800,000
PV = (100,000/ 0.125) = 800,000
Type: Medium

15. (p. 38) What is the present value of $10,000 per year perpetuity at an interest rate of 10%?
a. $10,000
B. $100,000
c. $200,000
PV = (10,000/ 0.1) = 100,000
Type: Easy

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16. (p. 38) You would like to have enough money saved to receive $80,000 per year perpetuity
to save in your retirement fund to achieve this goal (assume that the perpetuity payments start
one year from the date of your retirement. The interest rate is 8%)?
a. $7,500,000
b. $750,000
C. $1,000,000
PV = (80,000/0.08) = 1,000,000
Type: Medium

17. (p. 38) You would like to have enough money saved to receive a $50,000 per year perpetuity
to save in your retirement fund to achieve this goal (assume that the perpetuity payments
starts on the day of retirement. The interest rate is 8%)?
a. $1,000,000
B. $675,000
c. $625,000
PV = [(50,000/ 0.08)](1.08) = 675,000
Type: Difficult

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18. (p. 38) You would like to have enough money saved to receive an $80,000 per year
perpetuity after retirement so that you and your family can lead a good life. How much would
you need to save in your retirement fund to achieve this goal (assume that the perpetuity
payments starts on the day of retirement. The interest rate is 10%)?
a. $1,500,000
B. $880,000
c. $800,000
PV = [(80,000/ 0.1)]*(1.1) = 880,000
Type: Difficult

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19. (p. 38) An annuity is defined as

A. Equal cash flows at equal intervals of time for a specified period of time
b. Equal cash flows at equal intervals of time forever
c. Unequal cash flows at equal intervals of time forever
Type: Easy

20. (p. 38) If you receive $1,000 payment at the end each year for the next five years, what type
of cash flow do you have?
a. Uneven cash flow stream
B. An annuity
c. An annuity due
Type: Easy

21. (p. 38) If the three-year present value annuity factor is 2.673 and two-year present value
annuity factor is 1.833, what is the present value of $1 received at the end of the 3 years?
a. $1.1905
B. $0.84
c. $0.89
PV = (2.673 - 1.833) *(1) = 0.84
Type: Difficult

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22. (p. 38) If the five-year present value annuity factor is 3.60478 and four-year present value
annuity factor is 3.03735, what is the present value at the $1 received at the end of five years?
a. $0.63552
b. $1.76233
C. $0.56743
PV = (3.60478 - 3.03735)*(1) = 0.56743
Type: Difficult

23. (p. 38) What is the present value annuity factor at a discount rate of 11% for 8 years?
a. 5.7122
b. 11.8594
C. 5.1461
PV annuity factor = (1/0.11) - (1/((0.11)(1.11^8))) = 5.1461
Type: Medium

24. (p. 38) What is the present value annuity factor at an interest rate of 9% for 6 years?
a. 7.5233
B. 4.4859
c. 1.6771
PV annuity factor = (1/0.09) - (1/((0.09)(1.09^6))) = 4.4859
Type: Medium

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25. (p. 38) What is the present value of $1000 per year annuity for five years at an interest rate
of 12%?
a. $6,352.85
B. $3,604.78
c. $567.43
PV annuity factor = [(1/0.12) - (1/((0.12)(1.12^ 5)))]*1000 = 3,604.78
Type: Medium

26. (p. 38) What is the present value of $5000 per year annuity at a discount rate of 10% for 6
years?
a. $21,776.30
b. $3,371.91
C. $16,760.78
PV = [(1/0.10) -(1/((0.10)(1.10^6)))]*5000 = 16,760.78
Type: Medium

27. (p. 38) After retirement, you expect to live for 25 years. You would like to have $75,000
income each year. How much should you have saved in the retirement to receive this income,
if the interest is 9% per year (assume that the payments start on the day of retirement)?
a. $736,693.47
B. $802,995.88
c. $2,043,750
PV = [[(1/ 0.09) -(1/((0.09)(1.09^25)))]*75,000]*(1.09) = 802,995.88
Type: Difficult

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28. (p. 38) After retirement, you expect to live for 25 years. You would like to have $75,000
income each year. How much should you have saved in the retirement to receive this income,
if the interest is 9% per year (assume that the payments start one years after the retirement)?
A. $736,693.47
b. $6,352,567.22
c. $1,875,000
PV = [(1/ 0.09) - (1/((0.09)(1.09^25)))]*75,000 = 736,693.47
Type: Difficult

29. (p. 38) For $10,000 you can purchase a 5-year annuity that will pay $2504.57 per year for
five years. The payments are made at the end of each year. Calculate the effective annual
interest rate implied by this arrangement: (approximately)
A. 8%
b. 9%
c. 10%
Using a financial calculator: N=5; PV = -10,000; PMT = 2504.57; FV =0 Compute: I = 8.0%

[calculator setting: END]
Type: Medium

30. (p. 38) If the present value annuity factor for 10 years at 10% interest rate is 6.1446, what is
the present value annuity factor for an equivalent annuity due?
a. 6.1446
b. 7.38
C. 6.759
Annuity due: 6.1446 * 1.1 = 6.759
Type: Difficult

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31. (p. 38) If the present annuity factor is 3.8896, what is the present value annuity factor for an
equivalent annuity due if the interest rate is 9%?
a. 3.5684
B. 4.2397
c. 3.8896
annuity due factor = 3.8896 * 1.09 = 4.2397
Type: Medium

32. (p. 38) For $10,000 you can purchase a 5-year annuity that will pay $2358.65 per year for
five years. The payments are made at the beginning of each year. Calculate the effective
annual interest rate implied by this arrangement: (approximately)
a. 8%
B. 9%
c. 10%
Using a financial calculator: N=5; PV = -10,000; PMT = 2358.65; FV =0 Compute: I = 9.0%

[Calculator setting: BEGIN (BGN)]
Type: Medium

33. (p. 38) John House has taken a $250,000 mortgage on his house at an interest rate of 6% per
year. If the mortgage calls for twenty equal annual payments, what is the amount of each
payment?
A. $21,796.14
b. $10,500.00
c. $16,882.43
(Use a financial calculator) PV = 250,000; I -= 6%; N = 20; FV = 0; Compute PMT =

$21,796.14
Type: Difficult

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34. (p. 38) John House has taken a 20-year, $250,000 mortgage on his house at an interest rate
of 6% per year. What is the value of the mortgage after the payment of the fifth annual
installment?
a. $128,958.41
B. $211,689.53
c. $141,019.50
Step 1: I = 6%; N = 20; PV = 250,000; FV = 0 ; Compute PMT = 21,796.14 Step 2: I = 6%; N

= 15 ; PMT = 21,796.14; Compute PV = 211,689. 53
Type: Difficult

35. (p. 38) If the present value of $1.00 received n years from today at an interest rate of r is
0.3855, then what is the future value of $1.00 invested today at an interest rate of r% for n
years?
a. $1.3855
B. $2.594
c. $1.70
d. Not enough information to solve the problem
FV = 1/(0.3855) = 2. 594
Type: Difficult

36. (p. 38) If the present value of $1.00 received n years from today at an interest rate of r is
0.621, then what is the future value of $1.00 invested today at an interest rate of r% for n
years?
a. $1.00
B. $1.61
c. $1. 621
d. Not enough information to solve the problem
FV = 1/(0.621) = 1.61
Type: Difficult

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37. (p. 43) If the future value of $1 invested today at an interest rate of r% for n years is 9.6463,
what is the present value of $1 to be received in n years at r% interest rate?
a. $9.6463
b. $1.00
C. $0.1037
PV = 1/9.6463 = 0.1037
Type: Difficult

38. (p. 43) If the future value annuity factor at 10% and 5 years is 6.1051, calculate the
equivalent present value annuity factor
a. 6.1051
B. 3.7908
c. 6.7156
d. None of the given ones
PV = 6.1051/(1.1)^5 = 3.7908
Type: Difficult

39. (p. 43) If the present value annuity factor at 10% APR for 10 years is 6.1446, what is the
equivalent future value annuity factor?
a. 3.108
B. 15.9374
c. 2.5937
FV annuity factor = 6.1446*(1.1^10) = 15.9374
Type: Difficult

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a. 2.0455
B. 6.3529
c. 1.7623
FV annuity factor = 3.6048*(1.12^5) = 6. 3529
Type: Difficult

41. (p. 43) Which of the following statements is true?

a. Present value of an annuity due is always less than the present value of an equivalent
annuity factor for a given interest rate
B. The present value of an annuity approaches the present value of a perpetuity as n goes to
infinity for a given interest rate
c. Both A and B are true
d. Both A and B are false
Type: Difficult

a. 3.108
B. 14.487
c. 2.159
FV annuity factor = 6.71*(1.08^10) = 14.487
Type: Difficult

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43. (p. 43) You are considering investing in a retirement fund that requires you to deposit $5,000
per year, and you want to know how much the fund will be worth when you retire. What
financial technique should you use to calculate this value?
a. Future value of a single payment
B. Future value of an annuity
c. Present value of an annuity
Type: Easy

44. (p. 43) Mr. Hopper is expected to retire in 25 years and he wishes accumulate $750,000 in
his retirement fund by that time. If the interest rate is 10% per year, how much should Mr.
Hopper put into the retirement fund each year in order to achieve this goal? [Assume that the
payments are made at the end of each year]
a. $4,559.44
b. $2,500
C. $7,626.05
Future value annuity factor = [(1.1^25) -1] /(0.1) = 98. 347; payment = 750,000/98. 347 =
7626.05
Type: Difficult

45. (p. 43) Mr. Hopper is expected to retire in 30 years and he wishes accumulate $1,000,000 in
his retirement fund by that time. If the interest rate is 12% per year, how much should Mr.
Hopper put into the retirement fund each year in order to achieve this goal?
A. $4,143.66
b. $8,287.32
c. $4,000
Future value annuity factor = [(1.12^30 - 1]/(0.12) = 241.3327; payment =

1,000,000/241.3327 = 4143. 66
Type: Difficult

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a. Present value of an annuity is always greater than the present value of equivalent annuity
due for a given interest rate
B. The future value of an annuity due is always greater than the future value of an equivalent
ordinary annuity at the same interest rate
c. Both A and B are true
d. Both A and B are false
Type: Difficult

47. (p. 45) You would like to have enough money saved to receive a growing perpetuity,
growing at a rate of 5% per year, the first payment being $50,000 after retirement, so that you
and your family can lead a good life. How much would you need to save in your retirement
fund to achieve this goal? (assume that the growing perpetuity payments start one year from
the date of your retirement. The interest rate is 10%)?
A. $1,000,000
b. $10,000,000
c. $2,000,000
PV = [50,000/ (0.1 - 0.05)] = 1,000,000
Type: Difficult

48. (p. 45) You would like to have enough money saved to receive a growing perpetuity,
growing at a rate of 4% per year, the first payment being $60,000 after retirement, so that you
and your family can lead a good life. How much would you need to save in your retirement
fund to achieve this goal? (assume that the growing perpetuity payments start one year from
the date of your retirement. The interest rate is 10%)?
a. $1,500,000
B. $1,000,000
c. $600,000
PV = (60,000/ (0.1- 0.04)) = 1,000,000
Type: Difficult

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49. (p. 45) You would like to have enough money saved to receive a growing annuity for 20
years, growing at a rate of 5% per year, the first payment being $50,000 after retirement. That
way, you hope that you and your family can lead a good life after retirement. How much
would you need to save in your retirement fund to achieve this goal.(assume that the growing
annuity payments start one year from the date of your retirement. The interest rate is 10%)?
a. $1,000,000
b. $425,678.19
C. $605,604.20
PV = (50,000)[(1/ (0.1- 0.05)) - {(1/ (0.1- 0.05)}{(1.05^20)/(1.10^20)}] = 605,604.20
Type: Difficult

50. (p. 45) You would like to have enough money saved to receive a growing annuity for 25
years, growing at a rate of 4% per year, the first payment being $60,000 after retirement, so
that you and your family can lead a good life. How much would you need to save in your
retirement fund to achieve this goal? (assume that the growing perpetuity payments start one
year from the date of your retirement. The interest rate is 12%)?
a. $1,500,000
B. $632,390
c. $452,165
PV = (60,000) [(1/(0.12- 0.04)) - {(1/ (0.12- 0.04)}{(1.04^25)/(1.12^25)}] = 632,390
Type: Difficult

51. (p. 45) In the growing annuity and growing perpetuity formulas; the most important
assumption that is needed for the formulas to work correctly is:
a. r < g
b. r = g
C. r > g
d. No assumption is needed
Type: Difficult

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52. (p. 46) Which of the following statements regarding simple interest and compound interest
are true?
a. Problems in finance generally use the simple interest concept
B. Problems in finance generally use the compound interest concept
c. It does not really matter whether you use simple interest or compound interest for solving
problems in finance
Type: Medium

53. (p. 47) If you invest $100 at 12% APR for three years, how much would you have at the end
of 3 years using simple interest?
A. $136
b. $140.49
c. $240.18
FV = 100 + (100*0.12*3) = $136
Type: Medium

54. (p. 47) If you invest $100 at 12% APR for three years, how much would you have at the end
of 3 years using compound interest?
a. $136
B. $140.49
c. $240.18
FV = 100*(1.12^3) = $140.49
Type: Medium

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A. The process of discounting is the inverse of the process of compounding
b. Ending balances using simple interest is always greater than the ending balance using
compound interest at positive interest rates
c. Present value of an annuity due is always less than the present value of an equivalent
annuity at positive interest rates
d. All of the above are true
Type: Difficult

56. (p. 47) The concept of compound interest is most appropriately described as:

a. Interest earned on an investment
b. The total amount of interest earned over the life of an investment
C. Interest earned on interest
Type: Medium

57. (p. 49) Ms. Colonial has just taken out a $150,000 mortgage at an interest rate of 6% per
year. If the mortgage calls for equal monthly payments for twenty years, what is the amount
of each payment? (Assume monthly compounding or discounting.)
A. $1254.70
b. $1625.00
c. $1263.06
d. None of the above are true
PMT = 150,000/[(1/0.005) - 1/((0.005*((1+0. 005)^240)))] = $1254.70
Type: Difficult

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58. (p. 49) An investment at 10.47% effective rate compounded monthly is equal to a nominal

(annual) rate of:
a. 10.99%
b. 9.57%
C. 10%
NOM = [((1.1047)^(1/12)-1]*12 = 0.1 = 10.00%
Type: Medium

59. (p. 49) An investment at 12% nominal rate compounded monthly is equal to an annual rate
of:
A. 12.68%
b. 12.36%
c. 12%
EAR = ((1.01)^12)-1 = 0.12681 = 12.68%
Type: Medium

60. (p. 49) Mr. William expects to retire in 30 years and would like to accumulate $1 million in
the pension fund. If the annual interest rate is 12% per year, how much should Mr. Williams
put into the pension fund each month in order to achieve his goal? Assume that Mr. Williams
will deposit the same amount each month into his pension fund and also use monthly
compounding.
A. $286.13
b. $771.60
c. $345.30
PMT = 1,000,000/ {[(1/0.01)-(1/(0.01*(1.01^360)))]*(1.01^360)}= $286.13
Type: Difficult

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61. (p. 49) An investment at 10% nominal rate compounded continuously is equal to an

equivalent annual rate of:
a. 10.250%
B. 10.517%
c. 10.381%
(e^(0.1))-1 = 0.10517 = 10.517%
Type: Difficult

62. (p. 50) The present value of a $100 per year perpetuity at 10% per year interest rate is
$1000. What would be the present value if the payments were compounded continuously?
a. $1000.00
B. $1049.21
c. $1024.40
(e^r) = 1.1 r = ln(1.1) = 0.09531; PV = 100/0.09531 = $1049.21
Type: Difficult

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True / False Questions
63. (p. 34) The two-year discount factor must be greater than the one-year discount factor for a
given discount rate.
FALSE
Type: Easy

64. (p. 34) For two cash flows A and B; PV(A+B) = PV(A) + PV(B)

TRUE
Type: Medium

65. (p. 36) In the presence of well-functioning capital markets, the value of a dollar received at
the end of one year cannot be less than the value of received at the end of two years.
TRUE
Type: Medium

66. (p. 37) "The law of one price" in economics is the same idea as "no arbitrage opportunity" in
finance.
TRUE
Type: Medium

67. (p. 37) The rate of return on any perpetuity is equal to the cash flow multiplied by the price.
FALSE
Type: Medium

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68. (p. 38) An annuity is an asset that pays a fixed sum each year for a specified number of
years.
TRUE
Type: Easy

69. (p. 38) The value of a five-year annuity is equal to the sum of two perpetuities. One makes
its first payment in year 1, and the other makes its first payment in year 6.
FALSE
Type: Difficult

70. (p. 38) An equal-payment home mortgage is an example of an annuity.

TRUE
Type: Medium

71. (p. 43) In the amortization of a mortgage loan with equal payments, the fraction of each
payment devoted to interest steadily increases over time and the fraction devoted to reducing
the loan decreases steadily.
TRUE
Type: Difficult

72. (p. 45) In the case of a growing perpetuity, the present value of the cash flow is given by:
[C1/(r-g)] where r>g.
TRUE
Type: Difficult

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73. (p. 47) Compound interest assumes that you are reinvesting the interest payments at the rate
of return.
TRUE
Type: Medium

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Short Answer Questions
74. (p. 36) Discuss why a dollar tomorrow cannot be worth less than a dollar the day after
tomorrow.
If a dollar tomorrow is worth less than a dollar a day after tomorrow, it would be possible to
earn a very large amount of money through "money machine" effect. This is only possible, if
someone else is losing a very large amount of money. These conditions can only exist for a
short period of time, and cannot exist in equilibrium as the source of money is quickly
exhausted. Thus a dollar tomorrow cannot be worth less than a dollar the day after tomorrow.
Type: Difficult

75. (p. 37) Define the term "perpetuity."
A perpetuity is defined as the same cash flow occurring each year forever.
Type: Medium

76. (p. 38) Describe how you would go about finding the present value of any annuity given the
formula for the present value of a perpetuity.
The present value of any annuity can be thought of as the difference between two perpetuities
one payment stating in year-1 (immediate) and one starting in year (n+1) (delayed). By
calculating difference between the present values of these two perpetuities today we can find
the present value of an annuity.
Type: Medium

77. (p. 40) What is the difference between simple interest and compound interest?
When money is invested at compound interest, each interest payment is reinvested to earn
more interest in subsequent periods. In the simple interest case, the interest is paid only on the
initial investment.
Type: Medium

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78. (p. 43) Briefly explain, "continuous compounding."
As frequency of compounding is increases, the effective rate on an investment also increases.

In case of continuous compounding the frequency of compounding is infinity. In this case, the
nature of the function also changes. The effective interest rate is given by (er-1), where the
value of e = 2.718. e is the base for natural logarithms.
Type: Difficult

3-30

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What is the difference between simple interest and compound interest?

What is the difference between simple interest and compound interest?

Define the term 'perpetuity'.

Define the term 'perpetuity'.

lOMoARcPSD|3981794

Test bank chapter 2

Managerial Finance (Birzeit University)

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How to Calculate Present Values

Multiple Choice Questions

PV = 100 / (1.06^2) = 89.00

2. (p. 34) Present Value is defined as:

DF2 = 1 / (1.12^2) = 0.7972

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PV (x + y) = PV (x) + PV (y) = 240 + 160 = 400

5. (p. 36) The absence of money machines means there are:

0.64 = 1/(1+r)^2; (1+r)^2 = 1.5625; 1+r = 1.25; r = 25%

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PV = (100,000/1.09) + (150,000/(1.09^2)) + 200,000/(1.09^3) = 372,431.81

PV(A) = 777.61; PV(B) = 714.50; PV(C) = 746.05; A is preferred

NPV = -120,000 + (300,000/1.11) - (100,000/(1.11^2)) = 69,108.03

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PV = (-100,000/1.16) + (300,000/(1.16^2)) = 136,741.97

NPV = -250,000 + (100,000/1.09) + (150,000/(1.09^2)) + (200,000/(1.09^3))

12. (p. 38) A perpetuity is defined as:

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13. (p. 38) Which of the following is generally considered an example of a perpetuity:

PV = (100,000/ 0.125) = 800,000

PV = (10,000/ 0.1) = 100,000

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PV = [(50,000/ 0.08)](1.08) = 675,000

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PV = [(80,000/ 0.1)]*(1.1) = 880,000

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19. (p. 38) An annuity is defined as

PV = (2.673 - 1.833) *(1) = 0.84

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PV = (3.60478 - 3.03735)*(1) = 0.56743

PV annuity factor = (1/0.11) - (1/((0.11)(1.11^8))) = 5.1461

PV annuity factor = (1/0.09) - (1/((0.09)(1.09^6))) = 4.4859

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PV annuity factor = [(1/0.12) - (1/((0.12)(1.12^ 5)))]*1000 = 3,604.78

PV = [(1/0.10) -(1/((0.10)(1.10^6)))]*5000 = 16,760.78

PV = [[(1/ 0.09) -(1/((0.09)(1.09^25)))]*75,000]*(1.09) = 802,995.88

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PV = [(1/ 0.09) - (1/((0.09)(1.09^25)))]*75,000 = 736,693.47

PV = [[(1/ 0.09) -(1/((0.09)(1.09^25)))]75,000](1.09) = 802,995.88

FV = 100 + (1000.123) = $136

PMT = 1,000,000/ {[(1/0.01)-(1/(0.01(1.01^360)))](1.01^360)}= $286.13