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APPROACHES TO INTERPRETATION

TEXTUAL APPROACH - Narrowly parsing the text of the document and


nothing more, or of examining the words
alone.
- Text is the most obviously authentic
embodiment of constitutional truth.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS / INSTITUTIONAL - Text shows but not directly say.
RELATIONSHIPS - Diction, word repetitions, and documentary
organizing forms all contribute to a sense of
what the Constitution is about, and that is as
obviously “constitutional” as are the
Constitution’s word as such.
HISTORICAL OR ORIGINALIST APPROACH - Looking at the lawmaker’s intent or applying
the Constitution only in the ways that the
framers consciously intended.
NORMATIVE/ ETHICAL APPROACH - Elucidation of meaning through attempts to
discern which interpretation best accords with
the ethos or moral and political character and
identity of the person.
DOCTRINAL OR STARE DECISIS APPROACH - Judicial elaboration of decisional doctrine to
derive answers to constitutional questions.
PRUDENTIAL OR BALANCING APPROACH - Search for meaning through a deliberately
eclectic combination of the above approaches.

RULES AND PROCEDURE OF CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION

VERBA LEGIS - Whenever possible, the words used in the


Constitution must be given their ordinary
meaning except when technical terms are
employed.
RATIO LEGIST EST ANIMA - The words of the Constitution should be
interpreted in accordance with the intent of its
framers.
MAGIS VALEAT QUAD PEREAT - The Constitution should be interpreted as a
whole.
COMMON USAGE - The words used should be used in a sense
that they have in common usage and given
their ordinary meaning, except when technical
terms are used in which the case the meaning
of the technical terms should govern.
PROSPECTIVE APPLICATION -
VERBA LEGIS NON EST RECEDENDUM, INDEX - Interpretation should be used where a literal
ANIMI SERMO EST interpretation would be impossible, absurd, or
unjust.
EXPRESIO UNIUS EST EXCLUSIO ALTERIUS - The statement of one thing or fact suggests
the exclusion of all others.
- The expression of one thing in a statute or
document will be interpreted to mean.
MANDATORY AND DIRECTORY PROVISIONS -

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