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APPROACHES TO INTERPRETATION
TEXTUAL APPROACH - Narrowly parsing the text of the document and
nothing more, or of examining the words alone. - Text is the most obviously authentic embodiment of constitutional truth. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS / INSTITUTIONAL - Text shows but not directly say. RELATIONSHIPS - Diction, word repetitions, and documentary organizing forms all contribute to a sense of what the Constitution is about, and that is as obviously “constitutional” as are the Constitution’s word as such. HISTORICAL OR ORIGINALIST APPROACH - Looking at the lawmaker’s intent or applying the Constitution only in the ways that the framers consciously intended. NORMATIVE/ ETHICAL APPROACH - Elucidation of meaning through attempts to discern which interpretation best accords with the ethos or moral and political character and identity of the person. DOCTRINAL OR STARE DECISIS APPROACH - Judicial elaboration of decisional doctrine to derive answers to constitutional questions. PRUDENTIAL OR BALANCING APPROACH - Search for meaning through a deliberately eclectic combination of the above approaches.
RULES AND PROCEDURE OF CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION
VERBA LEGIS - Whenever possible, the words used in the
Constitution must be given their ordinary meaning except when technical terms are employed. RATIO LEGIST EST ANIMA - The words of the Constitution should be interpreted in accordance with the intent of its framers. MAGIS VALEAT QUAD PEREAT - The Constitution should be interpreted as a whole. COMMON USAGE - The words used should be used in a sense that they have in common usage and given their ordinary meaning, except when technical terms are used in which the case the meaning of the technical terms should govern. PROSPECTIVE APPLICATION - VERBA LEGIS NON EST RECEDENDUM, INDEX - Interpretation should be used where a literal ANIMI SERMO EST interpretation would be impossible, absurd, or unjust. EXPRESIO UNIUS EST EXCLUSIO ALTERIUS - The statement of one thing or fact suggests the exclusion of all others. - The expression of one thing in a statute or document will be interpreted to mean. MANDATORY AND DIRECTORY PROVISIONS -