The Quran was initially preserved orally and in writing during the Prophet's life. After his death, Abu Bakr had the verses compiled on sheets but not arranged in order. This compilation remained with Abu Bakr and Umar. During Uthman's caliphate, disputes arose over recitation so he had four scribes standardize the Quran following the Quraish dialect and arrange the surahs in order. Copies were made and sent to various regions while variant copies were destroyed, resulting in the standardized version of the Quran still used today.
The Quran was initially preserved orally and in writing during the Prophet's life. After his death, Abu Bakr had the verses compiled on sheets but not arranged in order. This compilation remained with Abu Bakr and Umar. During Uthman's caliphate, disputes arose over recitation so he had four scribes standardize the Quran following the Quraish dialect and arrange the surahs in order. Copies were made and sent to various regions while variant copies were destroyed, resulting in the standardized version of the Quran still used today.
The Quran was initially preserved orally and in writing during the Prophet's life. After his death, Abu Bakr had the verses compiled on sheets but not arranged in order. This compilation remained with Abu Bakr and Umar. During Uthman's caliphate, disputes arose over recitation so he had four scribes standardize the Quran following the Quraish dialect and arrange the surahs in order. Copies were made and sent to various regions while variant copies were destroyed, resulting in the standardized version of the Quran still used today.
The Quran was initially preserved orally and in writing during the Prophet's life. After his death, Abu Bakr had the verses compiled on sheets but not arranged in order. This compilation remained with Abu Bakr and Umar. During Uthman's caliphate, disputes arose over recitation so he had four scribes standardize the Quran following the Quraish dialect and arrange the surahs in order. Copies were made and sent to various regions while variant copies were destroyed, resulting in the standardized version of the Quran still used today.
1)During Prophet`s life; preservation only; various companions & Prophet himself learnt verses by heart; many others noted down revelation on various items,e.g, stone slabs, leather sheets ,palm leaves, flat bones of camels, about 40 scribes carried out this.
`Ardah; Prophet`s recitation of whatever portion of the Quran had been
revealed, before the companions every Ramadan. Last time, Ardah-i-Akheera, Prophet recited the quran twice; caliph Umar introduced the tradition of Trawih based on the same noble practice of the Holy prophets. On Prophet`s death; the Quran in the hearts of hundreds of Huffaz (those who had memorized the Quran) and preserved on various articles not compiled as a book.
2)Abu Bakr`s caliphate (632-634 AD)
Battle of Yamama against musaillma the imposter hundreds of Huffaz were
killed, Umar sensed the danger of consequence of similar tragedy in the future, persuaded Abu Bakr who appointed a team of 75 under Zayd bib Thabit .Zayd worked devotedly to collect each verse all surahs on sheets/suhuf not arranged in the order of recitation (as we have today) All sheets placed together as a single script. Remained with Abu Bakr and then with Umar. On Umar`s death with his daughter Hafsa widow of the Prophet it became to known as the Mushaf –i-Hafsa.
3) Uthman`s caliphate (644-656 AD)
Huge muslim empire extended to remote non arab territories new converts were reported to be disputing on the ways of recitation of the Quran many had imperfect copies of the Quran
Hudhaifa bin Yaman witnessed such disputes in Armenia Azerbaijan &
reported to Uthman. Uthman appointed four scripes Zayd bin Thabit, Abdullah bin Zubayr, Saeed bin al-aas and Abdul rehman bin Harith. They were instructed to follow the dialect of the Quraish in case of differences over the language/pronunciation since the Quran had been revealed in the Quraishite dialect.
The Quran was recited loudly from the start till the end in the Prophet`s mosque. Thus, a number of copies of the original script were made. No dots/ desinental marks were placed to incorporate all the ways of recitation and so the Quran was compiled as well as standardized. Surahs were arranged in the order of recitation. Copies sent to Makka , Yemen , Bahrayn , Syria , Basra and Kufa reciters were also sent. All the variants were burnt that differed in any way from the standard version.
