NEHRU SMARAKA VIDYALAYA

BANGALORE

Investigatory Project in Physical Education

Topic:
Cricket

Submitted to

Mrs. Usha
Submitted by
SANSKAR MOHANTY
Grade XII

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 NEHRU SMARAKA VIDYALAYA

Certificate

This is to certify that SANSKAR MOHANTY bonafide student of

class XII has successfully completed the project titled “Cricket” in
the bonafide work of Physical Education prescribed by the Central
Board of Secondary Education for the AISSCE for the year 2019.

Teacher in–Charge HOD Principal

External Examiner

Date:

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 Acknowledgement

I would like to extend my sincere and heartfelt obligation towards

all those who have helped me in making this project. Without their
active guidance, help, cooperation and encouragement, I would
not have been able to present the project on time.

I am extremely thankful and pay my gratitude to my teacher

Mrs. Usha, for her valuable guidance and support for completion
of this project.

I extend my gratitude to my Principal Mr Anil Kumar for the

moral
support extended during the tenure of the project.

I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude

towards
my parents, other faculty members of the school and friends for
their
valuable suggestions given to me in completing this project.

……………. …………………..
Date Name of Student

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Index
i. What is cricket?

ii. A brief history of Indian cricket

iii. Popular Terms in cricket

iv. Rules of Cricket

v. List of Equipments Used in Cricket

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What is cricket?
Cricket
Cricket was invented in the vast fields
of England, supposedly by shepherds
who herded their flock. Later on this
game was shown benevolence by
aristocrats, and now has the stature of
being England's national game. After
a century now, cricket stands in the
international arena, with a place of its own.

THE GAME

Cricket involves two teams with 11 players on each side. The captain who
wins the toss decides whether his team bats or bowls first. If they bat first,
their aim is to score a lot of runs and make sure the other team does not
reach that score.

FORMATS OF THE GAME

Cricket is played in many formats, but the most popular are TEST
CRICKET and ONE DAY cricket.

In TEST Cricket game goes on for 5 days, with each team batting twice
- if time permits.

ONE DAY is the most popular format, with each team getting 300 balls
to score runs. And the other team tries to outscore them within the same
number of balls.

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 KEY PLAYERS
Three functions of the players are 1. BATSMEN, 2. BOWLING 3.
FIELDING.
1. Batsmen - One who scores runs of the balls bowled by the bowler.
2. Bowler - One who bowls and tries to get the batsmen "out" (dismissed
from the ground).
3. Fielder - Players (10) who assist the bowler in achieving his goal and
prevent the batsmen from scoring runs.

A brief history of Indian cricket

The India men's national cricket team, also known as Team India, Men in
Blue, and All-Blues, is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in
India (BCCI), and is a Full Member of the International Cricket
Council (ICC) with Test, One-Day International (ODI) and Twenty20
International (T20I) status.
Although cricket was introduced to India by European merchant sailors in
the 18th century, and the first cricket club was established
in Calcutta (currently known as Kolkata) in 1792, India's national cricket
team did not play its first Test match until 25 June 1932 at Lord's,
becoming the sixth team to be granted Test cricket status. In its first fifty
years of international cricket, India was one of the weaker teams, winning
only 35 of the first 196 Test matches it played. From 1932 India had to
wait until 1952, almost 20 years for its first Test victory. The team,
however, gained strength in the 1970s with the emergence of players such
as batsmen Sunil Gavaskar and Gundappa Viswanath, all-rounder Kapil
Dev and the Indian spin quartet of Erapalli Prasanna, Srinivas
Venkataraghavan, Bhagwat Chandrasekhar and Bishen Singh Bedi.
Traditionally much stronger at home than abroad, the Indian team has
improved its overseas form, especially in limited-overs cricket, since the
start of the 21st century, winning Test matches
in Australia, England and South Africa. It has won the Cricket World
Cup twice – in 1983 under the captaincy of Kapil Dev and in 2011 under

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the captaincy of Mahendra Singh Dhoni. After winning the 2011 World
Cup, India became only the third team after West Indies and Australia to
have won the World Cup more than once, and the first cricket team to win
the World Cup at home. It also won the 2007 ICC World
Twenty20 and 2013 ICC Champions Trophy, under the captaincy of MS
Dhoni. It was also the joint champions of 2002 ICC Champions Trophy,
along with Sri Lanka.
As of 25 June 2019, India is ranked first in Tests, second in ODIs and fifth
in T20Is by the ICC. Virat Kohli is the current captain of the team across
all formats, while the head coach is Ravi Shastri. The Indian cricket team
has rivalries with other Test-playing nations, most notably with Pakistan,
the political arch-rival of India. However, in recent times, rivalries with
nations like Australia, South Africa and England have also gained
prominence.

Rules of Cricket
 Each team is made up of 11 players.
 The bowler must bowl 6 legal deliveries to constitute an over.
 A game must have two umpires stood at either end of the wicket.
The umpires then must count the number of balls in the over, make
decisions on whether the batsmen are out after an appeal and also
check that the bowler has bowled a legal delivery.
 A batsmen can be given out by
either being bowled ( the ball
hitting their stumps), caught
(fielder catches the ball
without it bouncing), Leg
Before Wicket (the ball hits the
batsmen’s pads impeding its
line into the stumps), stumped
(the wicket keeper strikes the
stumps with their gloves whilst

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 the batsmen is outside of their crease with ball in hand), hit wicket
(the batsmen hits their own wicket), Handled ball ( the batsmen
handles the cricket ball on purpose), timed out (the player fails to
reach the crease within 30 seconds of the previous batsmen leaving
the field), hit ball twice (batsmen hits the cricket ball twice with their
bat) and obstruction ( the batsmen purposely prevents the fielder
from getting the ball).
 Test cricket is played over 5 days where each team has two innings
(or two chances to bat).
 The scores are then cumulative and the team with the most runs after
each innings is the winner.
 One Day cricket in played with 50 overs. Each team has 50 overs to
bat and bowl before swapping and doing the previous discipline.
The team with the most runs at the end of the game wins.
 International games will have a further two umpires known as the
third and fourth umpire. These are in place to review any decisions
that the on-field umpires are unable to make.
 The fielding team must have one designated wicket keeper who is
the only person allow to wear pads and gloves on the field. The
wicket keeper stands behind the opposite end to the bowler to catch
the ball.

Popular Terms in cricket

 Striker − A batsman facing the bowler is caller striker and the

opposite end is called non-striker.
 Off-side/leg-side − One half of the ground is called off-side and the
other side is called leg-side. From the perspective of a right handed
batsmen, the pitch in front of his body as he takes a strike, i.e. the
right side of the pitch is called off-side. Similarly, the left half of
the pitch, i.e. the pitch behind his body while taking a strike is called
as leg-side.

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  Run − It is the basic unit of
scoring in cricket. It is
scored when a striking
batsman hits the ball bowled
and runs between the stumps
along with non-striker. It is
usually scored in ones, twos,
and threes.
 Four − The ball hit by the batsman crosses the boundary rope by
rolling on the ground. Then, it is called a boundary or four runs.
 Six − The shot that ensures the ball lands directly outside the rope
is called six or six runs are allotted to the batsman.
 No-ball − If a bowler’s foot crosses the popping crease while
delivering the ball then, it is called a no-ball. The ball bowled that
is directed above waist of the batsman without pitching on the
ground is a no-ball too.
 Wide − A ball that is bowled away from the batsman and moves
wide of the return crease on the off-side at the batting end is called
wide. Another definition is ball bowled that bounces over the head
of the batsman after pitching is also called wide.
 Out − When a batsman gets out, it gives opportunity to the next
person on the batting side to play until 10 players out of 11 are
dismissed in various ways. Bowled, Caught, Run-out, LBW, and
Stumped are the most common ways of getting out.
 Bowled − It is a way of getting out where the batsman misses the
ball bowled and the stumps behind are disturbed.
 Caught − A batsman is declared out when the fielder catches the
ball on full that is hit by the batsman. If it is caught by the
wicketkeeper then, it is called caught-behind.
 LBW − LBW stands for leg-before wicket. A batsman is declared
out as lbw when he tries to play the ball with the body that is
directed on to stumps.
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  Run-out − If a fielder disturbs the stumps with ball in hand while
the batsman is not in crease after playing a shot, then the batsman
is declared run-out.
 Stumped − A batsman moves out of crease to play a ball and
misses, the keeper gathers the ball and hits the stumps with ball in
hand. Then, the batsman is declared out as stumped.
 Spin bowling − Bowlers run short distance from stumps and release
the ball with the use of wrist or fingers to get maximum revolutions.
The ball tossed in the air spins after pitching. Off-break and leg-
break are two varieties of spin bowling.


List of Equipments Used in Cricket

1. Cricket equipment for leisure
You literally just need two things to begin the game:

 BAT- Plastic bats/ Poplar / Poplar Willow

 BALL- Any softball- mostly soft tennis ball/ Hard Tennis ball
2. Cricket equipment for performance
If you wish to play on a more performance level, you'll need the right gear
and equipment regulated by the laws of cricket. Here's a list that could
help you begin.
- Ball
On a performance level, the ball usually used in cricket is a cork ball
covered in leather. In terms of color, there are two. Red balls used in Test
Cricket and for First Class Cricket while white is used in one-day matches.
Be on guard because these balls are very hard and can cause injuries upon
impact with the body.

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- Bat
Cricket Bats are made of flat wood not longer than 96.5cm. The width of
these bats is restricted to 10.8cm. While there is no standard weight, most
bats range from 1.2 kilograms to 1.4 kilograms.
3. Clothing
This is usually paired with white long trousers.

Headwear that includes baseball caps or cricket caps/ sun caps is also
recommended. For shoes, wear spiked shoes in order to improve traction
on the playing area.
- Body protectives
Batsmen and Wicketkeepers wear an abdomen guard to protect
themselves from the impact of the ball hitting their body. Leg pads or shin
pads are common batsmen, wicketkeepers as well as the fielders stationed
near the batsmen.
- Helmet
A helmet, sometimes with an
attached visor is worn by
batsmen and fielders to protect
their head. It is recommended
for wicketkeepers to wear
protective eyewear as well.
The impacts of the ball hitting
the wicket can be major with
the bails getting dislodged
after the impact.
- Gloves
Batsmen and Wicketkeeper
have different gloves. The ones worn by batsmen are very thickly padded
at the tip of all five fingers when it's compared to thinner wicketkeeping
loves. The wicketkeeper gloves have webbed fingers to help catch the ball.

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