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Basic Method For Making Economy Study Notes

This document outlines six basic methods for conducting engineering economy studies of capital projects: (1) annual worth, (2) present worth, (3) future worth, (4) internal rate of return, (5) external rate of return, and (6) explicit reinvestment rate of return. It provides formulas and explanations of how to compute each method and compares their underlying assumptions.

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Michael Dantog
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108 views

Basic Method For Making Economy Study Notes

This document outlines six basic methods for conducting engineering economy studies of capital projects: (1) annual worth, (2) present worth, (3) future worth, (4) internal rate of return, (5) external rate of return, and (6) explicit reinvestment rate of return. It provides formulas and explanations of how to compute each method and compares their underlying assumptions.

Uploaded by

Michael Dantog
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BASIC METHODS FOR MAKING ECONOMY STUDIES

All engineering economy studies of capital projects should be made so as to include consideration of the return
that a given project will or should produce.

There are six basic methods or patterns for making economy studies. These are:

 Annual Worth (A.W.);


 Present Worth (P.W.);
 Future Worth (F.W.);
 Internal Rate of Return (I.R.R.);
 External Rate of Return (E.R.R.); and
 Explicit Reinvestment Rate of Return (E.R.R.R.).

ANNUAL WORTH METHOD (A.W.)

- a uniform annual series of net cash flows for a certain period of time that is equivalent in amount to a particular
schedule of cash inflows (receipts or savings) and/or cash outflows (disbursements or opportunity cost) under
consideration.

Criterion: if AW ≥ 0, the project is feasible, otherwise, it is not

Capital Recovery (CR) cost- the equivalent uniform annual cost of the capital invested. It is annual amount which covers
the Depreciation (loss in value of the asset) and Interest (minimum required profit) on invested capital.

Formulas in solving for CR cost

eq. 1

eq. 2

eq. 3

Note:

F/P = (1+ ) N

P/F = (1 + )-N

F/A =

P/A =

A/F =

A/P =
PRESENT WORTH METHOD (P.W.)

- is based on the concept of equivalent worth of all cash flows relative to some base or beginning point in time
called the present. That is, all cash inflows and outflows are discounted back at an interest rate that is generally
the M.A.R.R.

Criterion: if PW ≥ 0, the project is feasible, otherwise, it is not.

FUTURE WORTH METHOD (F.W.)

- is exactly comparable to the present worth method except that all cash inflows and outflows are compounded
forward to a reference point in time called the future.

Criterion: if FW ≥ 0, the project is feasible, otherwise, it is not

Rate of return - the ratio between the money gained or lost on an investment and the amount of money invested. The other three
methods for making economy studies are based on the investment’s rate of return.

Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (M.AR.R.) – the minimum return level at which the capital project must provide in order for it
to be feasible.

INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN METHOD (I.R.R.)

I.R.R. - discount rate at which the net negative cash flows (or the net present worth of costs) of the investment is equal to the net
positive cash flows (or the net present worth of benefits) of the investment.

Computation of I.R.R.

∑ ∑

where

Rk = net receipts for kth year N = project life or maximum number of years for study

Dk = net disbursements for kth year = Single Payment Present Worth Factor

EXTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (E.R.R.)

E.R.R. - all recovered funds or the net cash flows can be reinvested at some specified rate of return (usually the M.A.R.R.) until the
life or study period for the project.
Computation of E.R.R.

∑ ∑

where

Rk = net inflow for kth year = Single Payment Present Worth Factor

Dk = net outflow for kth year = Single Payment Compound Amount Factor

N = project life

e = reinvestment rate

EXPLICIT REINVESTMENT RATE OF RETURN METHOD

E.R.R.R. – used when there is a single lump sum investment and uniform cash savings or returns at the end of each period throughout
the life N of the project.

Computation of E.R.R.R.

where

R = uniform annual receipts or savings F = salvage value

D = uniform annual costs or disbursements e = reinvestment rate

P = investment = sinking fund factor

Comparison of Economy Study Methods

Method Assumption
Annual Worth
Present Worth can be reinvested at the i% which is normally at
Future Worth the M.A.R.R.
E.R.R
E.R.R.R.
all the funds are reinvested at a particular I.R.R.
I.R.R.
rate computed

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