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    Neurolinguistics (Final)

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    Jelyn Repil
    Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control language. It examines how language is represented and processed in the brain. Historically, it developed from the study of aphasia in the 19th century by Broca and Wernicke, who found links between brain areas and language functions. The left hemisphere is dominant for language processing, with Broca's area controlling speech production and Wernicke's area involved in comprehension. Aphasia and dyslexia are language disorders with different types associated with damage to specific brain regions.

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    Neurolinguistics (Final)

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    Jelyn Repil
    203 views6 pages
    Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control language. It examines how language is represented and processed in the brain. Historically, it developed from the study of aphasia in the 19th century by Broca and Wernicke, who found links between brain areas and language functions. The left hemisphere is dominant for language processing, with Broca's area controlling speech production and Wernicke's area involved in comprehension. Aphasia and dyslexia are language disorders with different types associated with damage to specific brain regions.

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    study of how language process to our brain

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    Neurolinguistics(Final)

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    Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control language. It examines how language is represented and processed in the brain. Historically, it developed from the study of aphasia in the 19th century by Broca and Wernicke, who found links between brain areas and language functions. The left hemisphere is dominant for language processing, with Broca's area controlling speech production and Wernicke's area involved in comprehension. Aphasia and dyslexia are language disorders with different types associated with damage to specific brain regions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    203 views6 pages

    Neurolinguistics (Final)

    Uploaded by

    Jelyn Repil
    Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control language. It examines how language is represented and processed in the brain. Historically, it developed from the study of aphasia in the 19th century by Broca and Wernicke, who found links between brain areas and language functions. The left hemisphere is dominant for language processing, with Broca's area controlling speech production and Wernicke's area involved in comprehension. Aphasia and dyslexia are language disorders with different types associated with damage to specific brain regions.

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    DISCUSSANT: REPIL, JELYN R. and ODEÑA, THAMIAH IZABELL B.

    COURSE & SECTION: BSE-ENGLISH 1-A

    NEUROLINGUISTICS

     study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control the comprehension,
    production, and acquisition of language.
     Neurolinguistics is the study of how language is represented in the brain: that is, how
    and where our brains store our knowledge of the language (or languages) that we speak,
    understand, read, and write, what happens in our brains as we acquire that knowledge,
    and what happens as we use it in our everyday lives.
     branch of linguistics dealing mainly with the biological basis of the relationship of the
    human language and brain.

    HISTORY OF NEUROLINGUISTICS

     Historically rooted in the development in the 19th century of aphasiology.


     Paul Broca is one of the first person who draw the connection between the language
    processing and the particular brain area.
     Broca is a French surgeon who conducted autopsies on numerous individuals who had
    speaking deficiencies, and found that most of them had brain damage (or lesions) on the
    left frontal lobe.
     Carl Wernicke proposed that different areas of the brain were specialized for different
    linguistic tasks.
     Broca's area handling the motor production of speech while Wernicke's area handling
    auditory speech comprehension. Their work is established the field of aphasiology and
    the idea that language can be studied through examining physical characteristics of the
    brain.
     The coining of the term "neurolinguistics" has been attributed to Harry Whitaker.

    THE HUMAN BRAIN


    Left Hemisphere

     process things more in parts & sequentially.


     recognizes positive emotions.
     identified with practicality and rationality.
     understands symbols and representations.
     processes rapid auditory information faster than the right (crucial for separating the
    sounds of speech into distinct units for comprehensions).
     responsible for language development. It develops slower in boys, that is why males
    usually develop more language problems than females.

    Right Hemisphere

     recognizes negative emotions.


     high level mathematicians, problem solver like chess playing.
     the "non-verbal" side
     responds to touch & music (sensory)
     intuitive
     responsive to color & shape
     emotional & creative

    THE BRAIN HAS 4 AREAS CALLED LOBES:

     Frontal Lobe (problem solving)


    -Largest part
    -moves your body
    -highly developed
    -forms your personality

     Parietal Lobe(touching)
    -two major divisions anterior and posterior
    -senses hot and cold, hard and soft, and pain
    -taste and smell
    -helps integrate the senses

     Temporal Lobe(hearing)
    -processes auditory stimuli
    -subdivisions into:
    Wernicke’ s Area (associated with the speech comprehension)
    Broca’ s Area (associated with the speech production)

     Occipital Lobe (seeing)


    -lower central back of the brain
    -processes visual stimuli

    APHASIA AND DYSLEXIA

    Aphasia

     is an acquired communication disorder that impairs a person's ability to process


    language, but does not affect intelligence.
     Aphasia impairs the ability to speak and understand others, and most people with
    aphasia experience difficulty to read and write.

    Major Types of Aphasia

    All aphasia can be classified into two groups


     Non-fluent aphasias
    - difficulty producing fluent, articulated, or self-initiated speech.
     Fluent aphasias
    - the inability to understand the language of others and the production of less
    meaningful speech than normal.
    Non-fluent Aphasia
    - In this form of aphasia, speech output is severely reduced and is limited mainly to short
    utterances of less than four words. Vocabulary access is limited and the formation of
    sounds by persons with non-fluent aphasia is often laborious and clumsy. The person
    may understand speech relatively well and be able to read, but be limited in writing.

     Broca’ s aphasia
    - Paul Pierre Broca (1961, 1965) observed that an area in the left frontal lobe ( Broca ’ s
    area) appeared to be responsible for the ability to speak.
    - He noted that an injury to the left side of the brain was much more likely to result in
    language loss than was an injury to the right side.
    - This type of aphasia manifests with difficulties initiating well-articulated conversational
    speech.
    - The language that is produced is slow, labored, and ungrammatical, which means
    words like a, an, the, and verb tense is left out of their speech.
    - This aphasia is produced by damage to Broca’s area of the brain.

    The speech is very halting. Patients have great difficulty in accurately producing the needed
    phonemes to say a word.

    (a) It’s hard to eat with a spoon.


    (b) .... har eat ….wit….pun

    Fluent Aphasia
    - this type of aphasia was associated with a lesion in the temporal lobe.
    - fluent aphasics have no difficulty producing language, but have a great deal of difficulty
    selecting, organizing, and monitoring their language production.

     Wernicke’ s aphasia
    - is the most common type of fluent aphasia. It occurs when the left middle side of the
    brain becomes damaged or altered. This part of the brain is known as Wernicke ’s area,
    named after Carl Wernicke, a neurologist. Wernicke’s area of the brain controls human
    language. It’s also near where we store our personal dictionaries. Someone with
    Wernicke’s aphasia may have difficulty processing the meaning of spoken words.

    There was an experiment done where people with Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasias were
    presented with a picture and then asked to write down a description of what they see in the
    picture.
    (This is the picture)

    A patient with Broca’s aphasia wrote this A patient with Wernicke’s aphasia wrote this

    Dyslexia

     is an inherited language-based learning disability caused by a neirologically-based


    disorder.
     Dyslexia can interfere with a person's ability to process language. This difficulty would be
    emphasized mostly (reading, pronouncing words, writing, spelling, handwriting and
    sometimes arithmetic within a person's life).
     This often occurs due to problems in phonological processing, expressive language, and
    receptive language.

    Types of Dyslexia
     Dysgraphia – difficulty in writing
     Dyscalculia – difficulty in calculation
     Language – difficulty in receptive (listening) and expressive (talking)
     Phonological – difficulty in making the sounds properly
     Visual – Reading and writing are the issues as the words seem to be floating when they
    try to read and write
     Rapid Naming – unable to name the letters of numbers in rapid time
     Double deficit – a combination of phonological and rapid naming
     Surface – cannot recognize the whole words

    Reference:
    http://www.slideshare.net/kiprus/neurolinguistics-workshop?from_m_app=android
    http://www.slideshare.net/MARSHALhaked/language-and-the-brain-49649684?from_m_app=android
    file:///C:/Users/pc12/Downloads/epdf.pub_an-introduction-to-language-9th-edition.pdf
    https://www.healthline.com/health/wernickes-aphasia?fbclid=IwAR1QmK46I8NQy7k0WtF67k7saJt9NarRLO-
    FF1asCtDxmrRWY0nA0AVOcWM
    https://www.slideshare.net/MARSHALhaked/language-and-the-brain-49649684?fbclid=IwAR3eZe0E-XIDBhP69g-
    t9G2hOita3bL_C_Zzh9U9ptBBM4L2JLxICQM5kg0
    https://www.slideshare.net/bandith/language-and-the-brain-8242180?next_slideshow=1

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