PAPER SCHEME FOR TWO YEAR P. G.

COURSE IN LAW
(LL.M.-I) 2018-19
There shall be five compulsory theory papers in LL.M. Part- I/ All Paper
shall consist of 100 marks. The minimum passing marks shall be 40 percent in
each Paper and 50 percent in aggregate. The nomenclatures of the papers shall
be as follows:

1.Paper I: Legal theory

2.Paper II: Judicial process
3.Paper III: Law and social transformation in India
4.Paper IV: Indian constitutional Law : The New Challenges
5 Paper V: Legal Education and Research Methodology

LL.M part I

Paper I: Legal theory

1. Definition, Nature and Scope of Jurisprudence.
2. Thoughts of Legal Theory-
a. Analytical Legal Positivism --Bentham, Austin, Kelsen and Hart
b. Historical School -Savigny and Henry Maine
c. Philosophical School - Kant and Hegel
d. Sociological School –Ihering, Ehrlich and Roscoe Pound
e. American / Scandinavian Realism --Holmes, Llewellyn and
Cardozo
f. Natural Law School- Grotius, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau and
Stammer
g. Marxian Theory of Law - Karl Marx
h. Feminism - Kathrine T Bartlent
3. Law and Morality
4. The concept of Justice - various theories of justice in the western
thought –Distributive and Compensatory Justice- Global justice, John
Rawls

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 5. Sources of Law – Custom – Legislation –Judicial PrecedentDharma -
foundation of just legal ordering in Indian thought
6. Dharma - foundation of just legal ordering in Indian thought
Select Bibliography
1. W. Friedmann - Legal Theory
2. Ross : On Law and Justice
3. Hart: Law liberty and mortality
4. Devlin : The enforcement of Mortality
5. Stone : Legal System and lawyers reasoning's
6. Hall: Living law of democratic society
7. Patterson; Jurisprudence
8. Julius Stone: The province and functions of Law, Part - II, Chas
1-816(2000),Universal New Delhi
*****

Paper II: Judicial process

1. Nature of Judicial Process - as an instrument of social ordering -Judicial
process and the tools and techniques of judicial creativity and doctrine of
precedent – Notion and power of judicial review
2. Judicial Process and Constitutional adjudication - making and creativity in
constitutional adjudication - judicial activism--Judicial accountability and
judicial law making
3. Judicial Process in India.
4. The independence of judiciary and the political nature of judicial process
5. Judicial activism and creativity of the Supreme Court
6. Judicial process in pursuit of constitutional goals and values
7. new dimensions of judicial activism and structural challenges
8. Institutional accountability of Court and judicial activism - scope and limits.
Select Bibliography
Cardozo: The nature of judicial process (1995), Universal Publ., New Delhi
Henry J Abraham: The judicial process (1998) oxford
J Stone: Precedent and the law: Dynamics of common Law growth
(1985),
Butterworth
W Friedmann: Legal Theory (1960), Stevens London
2
Bodenhecuner: Jurisprudence - The Philosophy and Method of the Law
(1997)
Universal Publ., Delhi.
J Stone: Legal systems and Lawyer's reasonings (1999) Universal, Delhi
U Baxi: The Indian Supreme Court and politics (1980), Eastern, Luckhnow
Rajeev Dhavan: The Supreme Court of India-A Socio Legal Critique of its
Juristic
Techniques (1977), Tripathi Publication, Bombay
John Rawls: A Theory of Justice (2000) Universal, Delhi
*****
Paper III: Law and social transformation in India
1. (A). Concept of Social Change and Social Transformation
i. Relation between law and public opinion.
ii. Law as an instrument of social change.
iii. Law tradition and culture, impact of common law on India tradition &
Culture.
iv. Sociological School and its, applicability in India.
v. Principles of Social legislation.
(B). Religion and the law
i. Religion its meaning and relationship with law
ii. Evaluation of religion as an integrative and divisive factor
iii. Concept of secularism in Indian perspective
iv. Religious minorities and the law

2. (A). Language and the Law

i. Multi linguistic culture and its impact on policy in governance

ii. Role of Language in society
iii. Formation of linguistic states critical evaluation
iv. Constitutional guarantee to linguistic minorities
v. Language policy and the constitution : official language

(B). Community and the Law

i. Caste as a socio cultural reality and role of caste as a divisive and Integrative
factor.
ii. Non discrimination on the ground of caste.
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 iii. Acceptance of caste as a factor to undo past injustices – an
objective analysis.
iv. Protective discrimination, scheduled castes, tribes and backward classes.
v. Reservation policy, statutory commissions and problems of national
integration.

3. (A). Regionalism and the Law

i. Role of Regionalism as a divisive and integrative factor

ii. Concept of India as one unit
iii. Right of Movement residence and business, impermissibility of state or
regional barriers
iv. Equality in matters of employment : the slogan "Sons of the soil" and its
practice
v. Admission to educational institutions : Preference to residents of a state

(B) Women and the Law:

i. Position and role of women in Indian society

ii. Crimes against women
iii. Gender injustice and its various forms, causes and remedies
iv. Women's commission
v. Empowerment of women : Constitutional and other legal provisions

4. (A). Children and the Law

i. Child Labour
ii. Sexual exploitation
iii. Adoption, Maintenance and related problems.
iv. Children and education a constitutional mandate

(B) Modernization and the Law

i. Modernisation as a value: constitutional perspectives

ii. Modernisation of social institutions through law
iii. Reform of Family law
iv. Agrarian reform - industrialization of agriculture
v. Criminal Law : Plea bargaining , compounding and payment of compensation to
victims
4
 vi. Civil Law (ADR) confrontation v. consensus, mediation and conciliation ,
Lok adalat
vii. The jurisprudence of sarvodaya - Gandhiji, Vinoba Bhave
viii. Socialist thought on law and justice, an enquiry through constitutional
debates on the right to property.
ix. Marxist Legal Theory

Select Bibliography


Marc Calanter (ed): Law and society in modern India (1997) oxford

Robert Lingat: The classical Law of India (1998) oxford

U Baxi: The crisis of the Indian Legal System (1982)

Vikas New Delhi U Baxi (ed): Law and poverty critical essay (1988),
Tripathi Bombay
 Manushi : A Journal about women and society
 Duncan Derret : The state, relition and law in India (1999) oxford university
press new Delhi
 H M Seervai : Constitutional law in India (1999) Tripathi DD Basu : Shorter
constitution of India (1996), Prentice Hall of India (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
 Sunil Deshta and Kiran Deshta : Law and Menace of child Labour (2000)
anmol publication Delhi
 Savitri Gurasekirare : Children Law and Justice (1997) Sage Indian Law
Institute : Law and Social Change : Indo - American reflection (1988)
Tripathi Mumbai
 J B Kriplani : Gandhi His Life and Thought 1970, Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting Government of Indian
 M P Jain Outlines of Indian Legal History (1993) Tripathi Bombay Aguas
Flavia: Law and Gender Inequality: The politics of women's rights in India
(1999) oxford
*****
Paper IV: Indian constitutional Law : The New Challenges

1. Federalism:
i. Creation of New states
ii. Allocation and share of resources
5
 iii. The interstate of disputes on resources
iv. Rehabilitation of internally displaced persons and center’s responsibility
v. Freedom of trade commerce and intercourse
vi. Service under Union
vii. Emergency Provisions
viii. Federal Comity
ix. Special status of certain states, Tribal areas, Scheduled areas

2. A. State-Meaning and scope in modern perspective

B. Right to equality: Privatization and its impact on affirmative action
C. Freedom of press and challenges of new scientific development
i. Freedom of speech
ii. Right to strike, hartal and bandh
iii. Emerging regime of new rights and remedies –
a. right to education
b. right to information
c. right to privacy
d. right to health
IV. Reading directive principles and fundamental duties into fundamental
rights
V. Compensation jurisprudence
VI. Right to life and liberty and criminal jurisprudence
VII. Commercialization of education and its impact

3 Stresses and strains of Governance

i. Right of Minorities
ii. Secularism and religious fanaticism
iii. Separation of powers : Stresses and strain
iv. Judicial activism and judicial restraint
v. PIL implementation
vi. Judicial independence
vii. Appointment, transfer and removal of judges
viii. Accountability executive and judiciary
ix. Tribunals : Need necessity and constitutionality

4. Democratic process
6
 i. Nexus of politics with criminals and the business
ii. Election : Mechanism and procedure
iii. Election commission status
iv. Electoral reforms : Accountability, Transparency, Free and fair, Election and
remedies
v. Coalition Government, Stability, Durability, Corrupt Practice
vi. Grassroots democracy, Democratic decentralization and local self
government

Select Bibliography

No specific bibliography is suggested for this course since the course materials depends
upon the latest developments. These developments in the areas specialized in
course can be gathered from the recent material such as case law, changes and
amendments of laws, critical comments, studies and reports, articles and research
papers and lastly contemporary emerging ethos impacting on constitutional values.

Paper V: Legal Education and Research Methodology

1. i. Objectives of Legal Education
ii. Lecture method of teaching merits and demerits
iii. The problem method ,
iv. Discussion method and its suitability at postgraduate level teaching
v. The seminar method of teaching
vi. Examination system and problems in evaluation external and internal
assessment
vii. Student participation in, law school programmes, organization of seminars,
publication of journal and assessment of teachers
viii. Clinical legal education legal aid, legal literacy, legal survey and law reform

2. Research Method

i. Socio Legal Research

ii. Doctrinal and non doctrinal
iii. Relevance of empirical research
iv. Induction and deduction

7
 v. Identification of problem of research what is a research problem Survey of
available literature and preparation of bibliography Legislative materials
including subordinate legislation notification and policy statements.

3. i. Decisional materials including foreign decisions, methods of discovering

the rule of the case

ii. Juristic writings a survey of juristic literature it relevance in selection of

problems in India and foreign periodicals
iii. Compilation of list of reports or special studies conducted relevant to the
problems.
iv. Formulation of the research problem
v. Devising tools and techniques for collection of data
vi. Methods for the collection of statutory and case material and juristic
literature
vii. Use the historical and comparative research material
viii. Use of observation studies
ix. Use of questionnaires / interview
x. Use of case studies
xi. Sampling procedures, design of sample, types of sampling to be adopted
xii. Use of scaling techniques

4. i. Jurimetrics
ii. Computerize research - A Study of legal research programmes such as lexis
and west law coding.
iii. Classification and tabulation of data use of cards for data collection rules for
tabulation, explanation of tabulated data
iv. Analysis of data qualitative and quantitative
v. Report writing
Select Bibliography

High brayal, Negel Duncan and Richard Crimes : Clinical Legal Education :
Active learning in, your law school (1998), Blackstone Press Ltd, London S K

8
Agarwal (ed) : Legal Education in India (1973), Tripalhi Bombay N R Madhava
Menon (ed) : A handbook of clinical Legal Education (1998) Eastern Book
Company, Lucknow

M O Price H bitmer and Bysicwicz : Effective Legal Research (1978) Pauline V

Young : Scientific Social Survey and Research (1962) William J Grade and Paul K
Halt Methods in Social Research McGraw-Hill book company London.

H M Hvman interviewing in Social research (1965) Paper

9
 PAPER SCHEME FOR TWO YEAR P.G. COURSE IN LAW
(LL.M.-II) 2019-20
There are six branch of specialization are being provided in LL.M. Part – II. Each group
shall content five papers out of which First four theory papers shall be compulsory and
the fifth paper shall be optional in LL.M. Part- II. The students passed in all
papers of LL.M. part I with at least 55 percent of marks shall only be allowed to
opt to submit a 'Dissertation' under the supervision of a faculty member of his
own choice in lieu of paper-V of concerning branch. If the student opts to submit
'Dissertation', the 100 marks allotted for the paper shall be divided into two parts
as 70 marks for Dissertation and 30 marks for viva voce based on dissertation
work.
Note:-

1. Those students who opt to submit a dissertation shall have to present proposal
in manuscript before the allotment of topic and have to present chapters of the
dissertation chronically before the final submission of dissertation.
2. The dissertation shall be submitted so as to reach the Registrar at least 30
clear days before the commencement of the LL.M. Part-II examination.
3. A candidate who is declared failed at the LL.M. Part II examination may on
his request, be exempted from fresh submission of dissertation at the time of his
subsequent appearance at the LL.M. part II examination provided he had
secured pass marks in Dissertation submitted by him last time and provided
further the examiner of the dissertation or the dean of the Faculty of Law of the
University certifies that no important changes have been made in Law to justify
a re-submission and the revaluation of the dissertation. The candidate shall, by
October 1st of the year preceding the examination send his request for exemption
from fresh submission of dissertation, duly endorsed, and forwarded by the Head
of the Institution concerned. The University will, as early as possible, inform the
candidate about his exemption from resubmission of a fresh dissertation. An
evaluated dissertation shall not be re-submitted for evaluation until the guide or
10
the supervisor certifies that important changes of style, presentation of matter
etc. have been incorporated in the dissertation, which justifies its evaluation.
4. The dissertation work shall be send to two examiners for assessment, out of
which one shall be from out of state.

5. The viva voce shall be conducted by the board of one external and one
internal examiner.

All Paper shall consist of 100 marks. The minimum passing marks shall
be 40 percent in each Paper and 50 percent in aggregate. The nomenclatures of
the papers shall be as follows with their concerning group/branches:
LL.M part II

Group –A: International law and organizations

A01: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION: LAW PRACTICE AND FUTURE

A02: DISARMAMENT AND PEACE STRATEGIES
A03 : INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
A04: LAW AND DIPLOMACY
A05: LAW OF THE SEA / DISSERTATION

A01: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION: LAW PRACTICE AND FUTURE

Evolution of International Organization: The concert of Europe, the League of Nations and
the United Nations United Nations as a Constitutional and Political System : Organs and
Their functions, Law creating process including Resolutions and Declarations of the
General Assembly and Specialized Agencies, Financing and Problems of financial, crisis,
Amendment process, Secretary General of the United Nations

The Political Process: Blocks and Alliance, Non-aligned movement and its impact on
voting in the various organs of the United Nations, African and Latin American Groups,
India and the United Nations, The Big two and the United Nations Peace Keeping: UN
Peace-keeping functions, UN peacekeeping force, case studies, Problems of peace
enforcement through the UN Special Agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations :
Constitution and functions of. Specialized agencies, Case studies of some agencies such
as FAO and UNDP as illustrative organization within the UN System, Selected studies of
11
NGOs serving as consultants, Amnesty International, International Commission of Jurists.
Peaceful Change through United nations: Dispute settlement machinery of the United
Nations, The role of ECOSOC in bringing about peaceful change, UN operational
programmes in the Social Field, UN Operational programmes in the Economic Field,
Anticolonial consensus, Disarmament and human rights.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

D. W. Bowett :Law of International Institutions (1982) Ingrid Detter :Law Making by the
International Organization (1965) Stephen, S. Good speed: Nature and Function of
International Organization (1967) Wilfred Jenks : The proper Law of International
Organizations (1962) D. W. Bowett: United Nations Forces: A Legal Study (1969) Lclancl
M. Goodrich: Charter of the united Nations (1969) Leland M. Goodrich: United Nations in a
Changing World (1974) Rosalyn Higgins : Development of International Law through
Political Organs of the United Nations (1963) Hans Kelsen : Law of United Nations (1954)
Rahmaihullah Khan: Implied Powers of the United Nations (1970) Edward Macwhinney:
United Nations Law Making (1984) M.S. Rajan: United Nations and Domestic Jurisdiction
(1961).
A02: DISARMAMENT AND PEACE STRATEGIES

The Conceptions of Disarmament: Disarmament and world security, military alliances, arms
trade, changing conceptions of disarmament. The dynamics of the Arms Race: The reasons
of arms race, including nuclear weapons, Consequences of arms race in terms of resources
and economic development, International implications of the arms race. Disarmament and
the United Nations: History of the failure of disarmament efforts, UN Disarmament
Commission, its achievements and limitations, UN Disarmament Decades of 1970's and
1980's, Negotiations leading to the signing of SALT I and SALT II, Nuclear Disarmament
Problems and Perspectives, Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty and intermediate range Missile
Treaty, International regulation of nuclear weapons.

International Regulation of Biological and Chemical or Weapons of Mass Destruction

International regulation and Control of Militarization of Outer Space and the Ocean Bed.
Conserving the world's resources: Assisting the economic development of less developed
countries, Harnessing science and technology for development, Protection of human rights
Peaceful settlement of international disputes, towards a balanced world trade. Peace
research and its significance.
12
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bums-H. Weston: 'Toward, I Nuclear Disarmament and Global Security: A Search for
Alternatives (1980) J Schell: The Fate of the Earth (1982) J.N. Singh: Use of Force under
International Law (1984) Julius Stone: Legal Controls of International Law (1954) M.
Welzer: Just and Unjust Wars (1979) R. Kothari: Transformation and Survival: In Search
of Human World Order (1988) R. Falk, et. al.: International Law: A Contemporary
Perspective, pp. 473-519(1985) R. Falk: The End of World Order, pp. 155-276 (1983).

A03 : INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

International Movement for Humanization of Warfare: Contributions of classical writer;

history of the Red Cross; Geneva Conventions of 1864 for Amelioration of the Condition of
wounded Soldiers in Land Army, St. Petersburg Declaration 1868. The Hague Convention
of 1899 and 1907, Geneva Conventions of 1929 and 1949 on treatment of Prisoners of
war, Wounded and Sick Persons and Civilian Persons. International Efforts to outlaw
Slavery, Slave Trade and Practices similar to Slavery, Forced Labour and Trafficking in
Human Beings, United Nations and Humanitarian Law, The Role of EC'OSOC and
ILO; Crusade against discrimination in respect of employment and occupation, Racial
Discrimination International Refugees: THE UN Relief Rehabilitation Administration and
other International Refugee Organizations; Conventions relating to Status of
Refugees and Stateless persons: Genocide Convention. Implementation of the Right to
Self-determination: Declaration on the grant of independence to colonial countries and
people, humanitarian treatment of people living under colonial rule and trusteeships,
Eliminating Discrimination against Women through International Cooperation.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

C. Hosoya : N.Ando, Y. Cnurna, R. Minear, The Tokyo War Crimes Trial (1986) G
Tunkin: Theory of International Law (1974) G Schwarzenberger : The Law of Armed
Conflicts (Vol. 11) J. Stone : Legal Controls of international Conflicts( 1959) R. Fall: The
Shimoda Case, 69 Am. J. Int. Law (1965) T. Taylor: Nuremberg and Vietnam : An
American Tragedy (1971)
A04: LAW AND DIPLOMACY

13
Contemporary International System: International stratification, neocolonialism
dependence and domination, geopolitical considerations. Beginning of Diplomacy:
Various Diplomatic Traditions, Greek, Byzantine and Indian; Golden age of Classical
Diplomacy of 18th and 19th Centuries in Europe Transition from 'old' to 'new'
diplomacy, impact of the First World War and the Russian Revolution, Impact of
Technology on the Conduct of Diplomacy, Impact of the Nuclear Weapons. Military
Alliance, Secret V, Open Diplomacy, Democratic Control of Foreign Policy.

Diplomacy in contemporary world: Cold war and its impact on diplomacy,

Diplomacy of the Summit, Diplomacy in the United Nations, Development and
diplomacy, Diplomacy through mass media and propaganda Crisis Management:
Nicaragua, Namibia, Palestine, Sri Lanka, Iran-Iraq conflict, Diplomacy in the Law of
the Sea Convention, Diplomacy and new human rights conceptions, Diplomacy and
Right to Development Declaration. The Stockholm Declaration on Environment,
Diplomacy and Resources.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Ball: Modem International Negotiations (1969) I. Clark: Reform and Resistance in

International Order (1980) I. Clark: The Satisfied and the Dissatisfied States Negotiate
International Law : A Case Study 18 World Politics 20-41 (1965) H. Nicloson:
Diplomacy (1969) J. Stone: Law and Nations (1974) L. Hanken : How Nations
Behave (1968) R.L. Friedheim : Parliamentary Diplomacy -A Survey (1976) R.P.
Anand: International Courts and Contemporary Conflict (1979).
A05: LAW OF THE SEA

Historical introduction to the Law of the Sea Contributions of Seldon, Grotius,

Bynkershock and others to the development of the early law, the Anglo-
Norwegian Fisheries case and its aftermath; The technological revolution and
utilization of the new resources of the sea; population explosion and its impact on the
law, the U.N. Conference on the Law of the Sea; Developing nations and the uses of
sea.

Right of states over territorial waters and contiguous zone, Continental Shelf,
Exclusive Economic Zone, Principles for determination of maritime frontiers and
Maritime Boundaries under the customary and conventional Law / Exploitation of
Deep Sea-Bed Resources: International Sea Bed Authority: its functions and powers,
14
Decision-making settlement of disputes, principles governing joint ventures;
transfer of data and training of personnel of the Authority; Problems and
Perspectives, Conservation of Living Resources of the High Sea; Problems of
Maritime Pollution. Land-locked States and Law of the Sea, Sea as Common Heritage
of Mankind; the Future of the Law of the Sea: International Sea Tribunal to Settle
Disputes
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Orrego Vicuna: The Changing international Law of the High Seas Fisheries (1999),
Cambridge Lan Browniie: Principles of Public International Law (1998), Clarendon
Press Oxford P. Chandrasekhara Rao: The New Law of Maritime Zones (1983), Miling
Publications, New Delhi Samir mankababy: The International Shipping Rules (1986),
Croom Helm, London. Nagendra Singh: International Maritime Law Conventions, Vol.
I, Navigation (1983), Stevens & Maxwell London Myron H. Nordquist and John
Norton Moor (eds.): Ocean Policy-New Institutions, Challenges and Opportunities
(1999), Kluwer R.P. Anand : Law of the Sea, Caracas and beyond (1978) D. W. Bowett:
Law of the Sea D. W. Dowett: Legal Regime of Island in International Law John
Colombos: International Law of the Sea (1962) J.H. Hargrove: Who Protects the
Ocean: Environment and the Development of the Law of the Sea, Devendra Kaushik,
Indian Ocean Towards a Peace Zone (1983) Myres S. McDougal and W. Burke: The
Public Order of the Oceans (1962). D.P.P' Connel : International Law of the Sea, Vols. I &
II (1982)

GROUP –B: CRIMINAL LAW

B01: COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
B02: PENOLOGY: TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS
B03: PRIVILEGED CLASS DEVIANCE
B04: DRUG ADDICTION, CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS
B- 05: JUVENILE DELINQUENCY/ DISSERTATION

B01: Comparative criminal procedure

Organization of Courts and Prosecuting Agencies: Hierarchy of criminal courts and their
jurisdiction, Nyaya Panchayats in India, Panchayats in tribal areas, Organization of
Prosecuting agencies for prosecuting criminal, Prosecutors and the police Withdrawal of
prosecution.
15
Pre-trial Procedures: Arrest and questioning of the accused. The rights of the accused. The
evidentiary value of statements/ articles seized/collected by the police, Right to counsel,
Roles of the prosecutor and the judicial officer in investigation, Trial Procedure : The
accusatory system of trial and the inquisitorial system, Role of the Judge, the prosecutor
or and defense attorney in the trial. Admissibility and inadmissibility of evidence, Expert
evidence, Appeal of the Court in awarding appropriate punishment, Plea bargaining
Correction and Aftercare Services : Institutional correction of the offenders, General
Comparison - After care services in India and France, The role of the court in correctional
programmes in India

Preventive Measures in India: Provisions in the Criminal Procedure Code, Special

enactments, Public Interest Litigation: Directions for criminal prosecution
SELECT BIBL1OGPLAPHY

Ceylia Hamptom: Criminal Procedure Wikins and Cross: Outline of the law of Evidence
Archbold, Pleading: Evidence and Practice in Criminal Cases (2000) Eastern, Lucknow
Sarkar : Law of Evidence K.N. Chandrasekharan Pillai (ed.): R.V. Kelkar's : Outlines of
Criminal Procedure Patric Devlin: The Criminal Prosecution in England American Series of
Foreign Penal Codes Criminal Procedure Code of People's Republic of China John N.
Ferdico: Criminal Procedure (1996), West Sanders & Young: Criminal Justice (1994)
Christina Van Den Wyngart: Criminal Procedure Systems in European. Community Joel
Samaha] Criminal Procedure (1997), West Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 The French Code
of Criminal Procedure 14th and 41st Report of Indian Law Commission The Paper will be
taught with reference, wherever necessary to the procedures in India, England, US, France,
Russia and China.

B02: Penology: treatment of offenders

Introductory, Definition of Penology, Theories of Punishment: Retribution, Utilitarian

prevention: Deterrence, Utilitarian : Intimidation, Behavioural prevention:
Incapacitation, Behavioural prevention: Rehabilitation - Expiation, Classical Hindu and
Islamic approaches to punishment, The Problematic of Capital Punishment:
Constitutionality of Capital Punishment, Judicial Attitudes through the statute law and case
law towards Capital Punishment in India— An inquiry, Law Reform Proposals

16
Approaches to Sentencing: Alternatives to Imprisonment, Probation, Corrective labour,
Fines, Collective fines, Reparation by the offender by the court Sentencing: Principal
types of sentences in the Penal Code and special laws, Sentencing in white collar crime,
Presentence hearing, Sentencing for habitual offender, Summary punishment, Plea-
bargaining

Imprisonment: The state of India's jails today, The disciplinary regime of Indian prisons,
Classification of prisoners. Rights of prisoner and duties of custodial staff, Deviance by
custodial staff. Open prisons, judicial surveillance, basis, development reforms.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

S. Chhabbra: The Quantum of Punishment in Criminal Law (1970) H.L.A. Hart: Punishment
and Responsibility (1968) Herbert L. Packer: The Limits of Criminal Sanction (1968) A1f
Ross: On Guilt Responsibility and Punishment (1975) A. Siddique: Criminology (1984) Eastern,
Lucknow Law Commission of India, Forty-Second Report, Ch. 3( 1971) K.S. Shukla: 'Sociology
of Deviant Behaviour' in 31CSSR Survey of Sociology and Social Anthropology 1969-179
(1986) Tapas Kumar Benerjee: Back-round to Indian Criminal Law (1990). R. Campjary &
Co., Kolkata.
B03: PRIVILEGED CLASS DEVIANCE

Introduction: Conceptions of white collar crimes, Indian approaches to socio-economic

offences, Notions of privileged class deviance as providing a wider categorization of
understanding Indian development. Typical forms of such deviance, Official deviance
(deviance by legislators, judges, and bureaucrats), and Professional deviance:
journalists, teachers, doctors, lawyers, engineers, architects and publishers. Trade union
deviance (including teacher, lawyers/ urban property owners); Landlord deviance
(class/caste based deviance), Police deviance, Deviance on electoral process (rigging, both
capturing impersonation, corrupt practices), Gender-based aggression by socially,
economically and politically powerful

Official Deviance : Conception of official deviance permissible limit of discretionary

powers. The Chambal valley dacoit Vinoba Mission and Jai Prakash Narain Mission-in 1959
and 1971. The Chagla Commission Report on L1C-Mundhra Affair. The Das Commission
Report on Pratap Singh Kairon, "Fire Grover Commission Report on Dev Raj Urs, The
Maruti Commission Report, The Ibakkar Natarajarr Commission Report on Fairfax Police:
Deviance : Structures of legal restraint on police powers in India; Unconstitutionally of
17
"third-degree" methods and use of fatal force by police, "Encounter" killings, Police
atrocities, The plea of superior orders, Rape and related forms of gender-based aggression
by police and paramilitary forces. Reform suggestions especially by the National Police
Commissions, Professional Deviance: Unethical practices at the Indian Bar, The Lentin
Commission Report, The Press Council on unprofessional and unethical journalism
Medical malpractice.. Response of Indian Legal Order to the Deviance of Privileged Classes:
Vigilance Commission, Public Accounts Committee, Ombudsman, Commissions of
Enquiry, Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947, "CheAntualy Case”
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Upendra Baxi: The Crisis of the Indian Legal System (1982) Vikas - Publishing House, New
Delhi Upendra Baxi (ed.) : Law and Poverty: Essays (1988) Upendra Baxi: Liberty and
Corruption : The Antualy Case and Beyond (1989) Suendranath Dwevedi and G.S.
Bhargava: Political Corruption in India (1967) A.R. Desai (ed.): Violation of democratic
Rights in India (1986) A.G Noorani: Minister's Misconduct (1974) B.B. Pande: The Nature
and Dimensions of Privileged Class Deviance' The Other Side of Development 136 (1987
: K.S. Shtikla ed.) Indra Rothermund -.'Patterns of Trade Union Leadership in Dhanbad
Coal fields', 23 JILI 522 (1981).

B04: DRUG ADDICTION, CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Introductory: Basic conceptions, Drugs' narcotics' psychotropic substances",

‘Dependence', "addiction", Crimes without victims, Trafficking in drugs, Primary drug
abuse, How does one study the incidence of Drug Addiction and Abuse? Self-reporting,
Victim-studies, Problems of comparative studies. Anagraphic and Social Characteristics
of Drug Users; Gender, Age, Religiousness, Single individuals/cohabitation, Socio-
economic level of family, Residence patterns (urban/rural), Educational levels, Occupation,
Age at first use, Type of Drugs use, Reasons given as cause of first use, Method of intake,
Pattern of the use, Average Quantity and Cost, Consequences on addict's health
(Physical/Psychic).

The International Legal Regime: Analysis of the background, text and operation of the
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, 1972, Analysis of the Convention on
Psychotropic Substances, 1972, International collaboration in combating drug addiction,
The S ARC and South-South Cooperation, Profile of international market for psychotropic
18
substances, The Indian Regulatory System : Approaches to narcotic trafficking during
colonial India, Nationalist thought towards regulation of drug trafficking and usage, The
penal provisions (under the (PC and the Customs Act). India's role in the evolution of
the two international conventions, Judicial approaches to sentencing in drug trafficking and
abuse, The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act. 1985, Patterns to
resource investment in India: policing adjudication, treatment, aftercare and
rehabilitation.

Human Rights Aspects: Deployment of marginalized people as carrier of narcotics, The

problem of juvenile drug use and legal approaches, Possibilities of misuse and abuse
investigative prosecutor powers, Bail, The problem of different application of the Legal
Regimes, especially in relation to the resource less, The Role of Community in Combating
Drug Addiction: Profile of Community initiatives in inhibition of dependence and addiction
(e.g. de-addiction and after care. The role of educational systems, The role of medical
profession, The role of mass media, Initiatives for compliance with regulatory systems,
Law reforms initiatives..
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

0.H.S. Becker: Outsides: The Studies in Sociology of Deviance (1966) J. A. Incard, C.D.
Chambers (eds.): Drugs and the Criminal Justice System (1974) R. Cocken: Drug
Absuse and Personality in Young Offenders (1971) G Edwards Busch (ed.): Drug
Problems in Britin: A Review of Ten Years(1981) P. Kondanram and Y.N. Murthy : Drug
Abuse and Crime : A Preliminary Study, 7, Indian Journal of Criminology, 65-68 (1979)
PR. Rajgopal : Violence and Response : A Critique of the Indian Criminal System
(1988) United Nations, Economic and Social Reports of the Commission on Narcotic
Drugs, United nations Social Defense, Research Institute (UNSDRI) Combating Drug
Abuse and related Crimes (Rome, July 1984, Publication No. 21)

B- 05: JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

The Basic Concepts: The conception of child in Indian Constitution and Penal Code,
Delinquent juvenile, Neglected juvenile, The overall situation of children/ young persons
in India, also with reference to crime statistics (of crimes by and against children),
Determining Factors of Juvenile Delinquency : Differential association, Anomic,
Economic pressure, Peer group influence, Gang subculture, Class differentials.

19
Legislative Approaches: Legislative approaches during the late colonial era. Children's
Act, Legislative position in various States, The Juvenile Justice Act, Constitutional
Aspects, Distinction between Neglected and delinquent juveniles Competent
authorities, Processual safeguards for juveniles,: Powers given to government,
Community ' participation at envisaged under the Act' Indian Context of Juvenile
Delinquency : The child population percentage to total sex ratio, urban-rural-urban,
Neglected below poverty line, physically and mentally disabled, orphans, destitute
vagrants, Laborers, In organized industries like zari. carpet, bidi, glass, In
unorganized sector like domestic servant, shops and establishments rag-pickers family
trade, Delinquent number, sex-ratio to audit crime, types of offences committed
recidivism, rate of increase background, Drug addicts, Victims, 'Of violence sexual
abuse,, battered, killed by parents, Of criminal activities like bootlegging, drug pollution
as a response of protective approach, Judicial Contribution: Social action libation
concerning juvenile justice, Salient judicial decision, Role of legal profession in
juvenile justice system.

Implementation : Institutions, bodies, personnel. Recruiting and funding agencies,

Recruitment qualifications and salaries or fund. Other responsibilities of each agency/
person, Coordination among related agencies, Accountability annual reports land
accessibility of public to juvenile justice institution,. Preventive Strategies: State
welfare programmes nutrition, ICWS grants-in-aid, Compulsory education Role of
community, family, voluntary, bodies, individual.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

National Institute of Social -Defense. Model Rules under the Juvenile Justice Act, 2000
K.S. Shukla: Adolescence Offender: 1985 United Nations: Beijing Rules on Treatment of
Young Offenders (1985) Wyron Weiner: The Child and State in India (-1990) The United
Nations Declaration on the Right of Children (UNICEF periodic materials)

20
GROUP –C: BUSINESS LAW INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ORGANIZATIONS

C01 LAW OF INDUSTRIAL AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

DISARMAMENT AND PEACE STRATEGIES
C02 LEGAL REGULATIONS OF ECONOMIC ENTERPRISES
C03 LAW OF EXPORT IMPORT REGULATIONS
C04 BANKING LAW
C05 INSURANCE LAW/ DISSERTATION
Group –C: Business law International law and organizations

C01 LAW OF INDUSTRIAL AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

DISARMAMENT AND PEACE STRATEGIES

Nature of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and need for their protection, IPR and
International perspectives, salient international conventions and treaties n IPR, Role of
WIPO in promotion of IPR, WTO-TRIPS as global binding charter of IPR and its impact on
national legislation, Dispute Settlement System n WTO. Copyright, Nature and scope of
copyright. Term of copyright, computer software special position under copyright, law and
patent law, infringement of copyright and remedies thereof, international copyright
order/ trademark service mark and Internet Domain Name, Registration of trademark,
Infringement and passing off action in trade mark, Intellectual Property Appellate Board
Geographical indications and their registration. Patent, patentable and non patentable
inventions, procedure for obtaining patent, compulsory license, emerging issues in
patent such as patent in the field of biotechnology, life form, human genome,
infringement of patent am remedies thereof, Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). Protection of
plant varieties and farmers, right. UPOV convention, principle of benefit sharing. Intellectual
Property and Human Rights, Protection of the rights of indigenous people, protection of
human rights of impoverished masses, IPR protection and its impact on right to food
security and public health, Environmental protection. Protection of Bio-diversity and
Traditional Knowledge-economic, social, cultural and ethical dimensions. Important Acts.

1.Copy Rights Act, 197 (As amended)

2.Trade Marks Act, 1999 (As amended)
3.Patents Act, 1970 (As amended)
4.Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer's Right Act, 2001 (As amended)
5.Geographical Indications of Good (Registration and Protection Act, 1999 (As amended)
21
6. Biological Diversity Act, 2002 (As amended)
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Intellectual Property and International Trade (1998) Kluwer Patent Cooperation

treaty Hand Book (1998), Sweet and Maxwel Christopher Wadlow: The Law of
Passing Off (1998). Sweet and Maxwell. W.R Cornish: Intellectual Property Law (1999),
Sweet and Maxwell. Elizabath Verke: Law of Patents (2005) Eastern Book Company,
Lucknow. S.K. Verma and Raman Mittal (Ed.) - Intellectual Property Right: A Global
Vision (2006) Indian Law Destitution publication, New Delhi. Shiv Sahai Singh (Ed.)-
The Law ol Intellectual Property Right. (2004) Deep and Deep Publication, New
Delhi Shahid Khan and Ragunath Mashelkar: Intellectual Property and Competitive
Strategies in the 21st Century, (2006), Kluwer Law International. PS. Narayan
Intellectual Property Law in India. (2006) Gogia Law Agency, Hyderabad.

C02: LEGAL REGULATIONS OF ECONOMIC ENTERPRISES

Industrial Policy-old and new. Its legal framework. Public Sector, Private Sector
Joint Sector-Globalisation, Liberalisation: Meaning, dimensions, implications and impact of
globalization. Depository System Definition and Meaning-Objectives, Depository ii
international market. GDR, ADR, FCCB, Depositing system in India-Its Legal Frame
Work. Dematerialization of Securities. Regulatory Authorities Telecom/Broadcasting
Regulatory Authority Industrialization and Environmental Regulation: Environment
Clearance Environment Audit Environment Impact Assessment Public Liability
Insurant Act Sustainable Development, New Dimensions of Environ-mental
protection role of the Judiciary. Completion Commission.

Investment Scheme for NR1: portfolio investments for NRI, purchase and sale of
shares/convertible debentures or other securities on Non-repatriation basis
Foreign Institutional Investment. Foreign Direct Investment, Joint Venture and transfer
Technology FEMA.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

S. Aswani Kumar: The Law of Indian Trade Mark: (2041), Commercial Law House, Delhi
industrial Policy Resolution- of 1948, IV56.1991 Industrial Licensing Policy 1970. 1975
Industrial Policy Statements; 1973. 1977, 1980 Reports of committees on Public: undertakings
of Parliament Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951 U. Baxi & A. Dhanda:
22
Valiant Victims and Lethal Litigation : The Bhopal Case (1989) Indian Law Institute, Law of
International Trade Transaction (1973)
C03: LAW OF EXPORT IMPORT REGULATIONS

Basic Need of Export and Import Trade, Theories of International Trade, Free Trade,
Protection Principles. WTO & GATT, Dispute Settlement Mechanism Trade Policy
Review Mechanism-Anti Dumping Subsidies and Countervailing Duties. Control of
Export and Import in India, The Foreign Trade Regulation Act, 1992- Exim policy, Pre-
Liberalization and Post Liberalization Era in Trade, Power of the Central Govt. to control
foreign trade, appointment and powers of Director General of Foreign Trade. powers of the
Reserve Bank of India to control foreign trade, Export promotion councils, Export oriented
units and Export processing zones.

Nontariff Barriers, Export Import Bank of India, Export Credit Guarantee Corporation
of India Limited, promotion of Foreign trade, agricultural products, textile and cloths. The
custom Act, 1962 : Prohibition on importation and exportation of goods. The
Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Preventions of Smuggling Activities
Actcontrol of smuggling activities in export and import trade.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Government of India. Handbook of Import Export Procedures Government of India Import

and Export Policy (1997-2002) Foreign Trade Development and Regulation Act 1992 and
Rules Foreign Exchange Management Act 1999 Customs Manual (Latest edition) Final
Treaty of GATT, 1994
C04: BANKING LAW
A. Introduction (i) Nature and Development of Banking, (ii) Functions of Banking B.
Global Banking Institutions C. The Banking (Regulation) Act, 1949.1ts main provisions,
social control, nationalization of Banks.
A. (i) Central Bank, Evolution, Characteristics and Functions, (ii) Reserve Bank of India and
It's Role, (iii) Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial assets, (iv) Cash reserve and
Statutory Liquidity ratios in Bank. B. Bank as borrowers : Forms of borrowing, Types of
Deposit, Accounts, Electronics, Withdrawal, Money Transfer and e-Banking. C. Deposit
Insurance Corporation Act, 1962.
A. Bank and Customer Relationship. B. Banking Operations (i) Lending by Banks, (ii)
Collection and Payments of Cheques, (iii) Negotiable Instrument & their characteristics,
23
Cheques, Dishonor of Cheques, Appropriation of payments. C. Interference by third
parties, (i) Attachment, Mareva Injunctions, Bank and Garnishee, set off.
A. Social Banking B. Basal II norms C. Letter of Credit D. Recovery of Debts Due to Banks.
C. Banking Ombudsman Scheme 2002. Debt Recovery Tribunal Act. E. Recent Trends of
Banking System in India.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Basu, A.: Review of Current Banking Theory and Practice (1998) Mac Miilan M. Hapgood
(ed.): Pagef's law of Banking (1989) Butterworths, London R. Goode: Commercial
Law,(1995) Penguin, London Ross Cranston: Principles of Banking Law (1997) Oxford L.C.
Goyle: The Law of Banking and Bankers (1995) Eastern M.L. Tannan: Tamnan's Banking
Law and Practice in India (1997), India Law House. New Delhi, 2 Volumes K.C. Shekhar:
Banking Theory and Practice (1998), UBS Publisher Distributors Ltd. New Delhi M. Dasesse,
S. Isaacs and G, Pen; E.G Banking Law.(1994), Lloyds of London Press, London V. conti and
Hamaui (eds.) : Financial Markets Liberalization and the Role of Banks' Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge (1993) J. Dermine (ed.): European Banking in the 1990's (1993)
Blackwell, Oxford K. Subrahmanyan Banking Reforms in India (1997), Tata McGraw Hill,
New Delhi R.S. Narayanna : The Recovery of Debts due to Banks and Financial Institution
Act, 1993 (51 of 1993), Asia Law House, Hyderabad M. A. Mir: The Law Relating to Bank
Guarantee in India (1992) Metropolitan Book, New Delhi Mitra: The Law Relating to Bankers'
Letters of Credit and Allied Laws (1998), University Book Agency, Allahabad.

C05: INSURANCE LAW

Introduction; Nature of insurance contract, various kinds of insurance, proposal, policy, parties
consideration, need for utmost good faith, insurable interest, indemnity, Insurance policy, 1
aw of contract and law of torts - future of insurance: need, importance and place of insurance,
Constitutional perspective- the Entries 24,25,29,30,47 of List 1 Union List: 23,24 of List III,
General Principles of Law of insurance: Definition, nature and history. The risk
commencement, attachment and duration, Assignment alteration, Settlement of claim and
subrogation, Effect of war upon politicians, Indian Insurance Act 1938. Insurance Regulatory
Authority Act, 2000: Mutual Insurance Companies and cooperative life insurance societies,
Double insurance and re-insurance, Life Insurance: Nature and scope, Event- insured
against life insurance contract, Circumstances affecting the risk Amounts recoverable under
life policy. Persons entitled to payment, Settlement of- claim and payment of money Marine
Insurance: Nature and Scope. Classification of marine policies, The Marine insurance Act,
1963, Marine Insurance, Insurable interest, insurable value, Marine insurance policy-
24
condition-express warranties construction of teams ea policy. Voyage deviation, Perils of the
sea, Assignment of Policy, Partial laws of ship and of freight, salvage, general average,
particular charges, Return of premium.
Insurance against Accidents: The Fatal Accidents Act, 1855, Objects and reason's.
Assessment of compensation, Contributory negligence. Apportionment of
compensation and liability, The Personal Injuries (compensation insurance) Act
1963, Compensation payable under the Act, Compensation insurance scheme under
the Act Compulsory,: insurance. Property insurance: Fire Insurance, The Emergency
Risks (Factories) Insurance, The Emergency Risks (Goods) Insurance, ('policies
covering risk of explosion, Policies covering accidental loss, damage to property,
Policies covering risk of storm and tempest, Glass-plate policies, Burglary and theft
policies, Live stock policies, Goods in transit insurance, Agricultural insurance against
Third Party Risks : The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, Nature and Scope, Effect of
Insolvency or death on claims of insolvency and death of parties, certificate of
insurance, Claims tribunal : Constitution, functions, application for compensation,
procedure powers and award, Liability Insurance : Nature and kinds of such insurance,
Public liability insurance. Professional negligence insurance. Miscellaneous Insurance
Schemes: New Dimensions: Group life insurance, Mediclaim sickness insurance
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

John Hanson and Christopais Henly : All Risks Property Insurance (1999), LLP Asia
Hongkong Peter Mac Donald Eggers and Paiiic Foss : Good faith and Insurance
Contracts (1998) LLP Asia, Hongkong Banjeree: Law of Insurance (1994). Asia Law
House, Hyderabad Mtr'a, B.C.: Law Relating to Marine Insurance (1997), Asia Law
House, Hyderabad Brids: Modern Insurance (1997), Sweet & Maxwell International
Labour Office, Administration Practice of Social Insurance (1985) E.R. Hardy Ivamy:
General Principles of insurance Law (1979) Edwin, W. Patterson: Cases and Materials
On Law of Insurance (1955) M.N. Sreenivasan : Law and the Life Insurance Contract
(19 14)

GROUP –D: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ORDER

D01 PAPER I: MASS MEDIA LAW
D02 PUBLIC UTILITIES LAW
D03 UNION STATE FINANCIAL RELATIONS
D04 CONSTITUTIONALISM PLURALISM AND FEDERALISM
25
D05 HUMAN RIGHTS/ DISSERTATION
D01 PAPER I: MASS MEDIA LAW
Mass Media-Types Press Films, Radio, Television: Ownership patterns, Press,
private, public, Ownership patterns, films, private, Ownership patterns-Radio &
Television, Public, Difference between visual and non visual media - impact on
people’s minds, Press: Freedom of Speech and Expression - Article 19(1) (a) :
Includes Freedom of the Press, Laws of defamation, obscenity, blasphemy and
sedition, The relating to employees wages and service conditions, Price and Page
Schedule Regulation, Newsprint Control Order, Advertisement - is h included
within freedom of speech and expression? Press and die Monopolies and
Restrictive Trade Proactive Act.

Films - How far included in freedom in of speech and expression? Censorship of

film - constitutionality, The Abbas Case, Difference Between films and press-
why pre censorship valid for films but not for the press? Censorship under the
outer matograph Act. Radio and Television - Government monopoly: Why
government department? should there be an autonomous corporation? Effect of
television on people, report of the Chanda Committee, Government policy,
Commercial advertisement, internal scrutiny of serials, etc. Judicial Review of
Doordarshan decisions: freedom to telecast institutional Restrictions: Radio and
television subject to law of defamation id obscenity, Power to legislate - Article
246 read with the Seventh Schedule, ower to impose tax - licensing the licensing
fee.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

M.P. Jain: Constitutional Law of India (Latest Edn.), Vadhwa H.M. Seervai:
Constitutional law of India Vol. 1 (1991), Tripathi, Bombay 'ohn, B. Howard:
The Social Accountability of Public Enterprises' in Law and Community Control
in New Development Strategies (International Center for law in Development,
1980) Rajeev Dhavan :'Onthe Law of the Press in India', 26 JILI288 (1984)
Rajeev Dhavan : 'Legitimating Government Rhetoric: Reflections on Some
Aspects of the Second Press Commission', 26 JILI 391 (1984) D.S. Basu: The
Law of Press of India (1980)

D02: PUBLIC UTILITIES LAW

26
Public Utilities: Railways, Electricity, Gas, Road Transport, Telephone, Post and
Telegraph Service, Police, Fire Brigade, Banking service etc. Public Utilities-
Why Government Monopoly? Government and Parliamentary Control,
Constitutional division of power to legislate. Utilities Legislation - Patterns of:
Administrative Authorities -Structure of the Administrative Authorities,
Subordinate legislation, Public Utilities and Fair Rearing: Quasi-judicial
decision -Administrative Discretion Public Utilities and Consumer Protection:
Exclusion from M.R.T.P. Act, Rights of consumers protected by the Consumer
Protection Act, Rights arising from law of Contract and law of Torts, Public
Utilities and Their Employees : Application of Articles 16. Application of
Industrial law -right to strike. Public Utilities and Fundamental Rights : The
right to equality: the airhostess case, Are public utilities "State" for the purpose
of article 12 of the Constitution? Extension or the concept of state. Liabilities
and special privileges of public utilities: In contract, In tort, In criminal law.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

P.M. Bakshi: Television and the Law (1986) Vasant Kelkar: 'Business of Postal
Service' 33 IJPA, pp. 133-141 (1987) G Ramesh: 'Characteristic of Large
Service Organization in a Developing Country like India' 32 IJPA, 77 (1986)
Nalini Paranjpe: 'Planning for Welfare in the Indian Railways' 31 IJPA, 171-
180(1985) Arvind K. Sharma : Semi-Autonomous Enteiprise: Conceptual
Portrait - Further Evidence on the Theory of Autonomy, 331JPA. p.99-113 Jain
& Jain: Principles of Administrative Law (1986) Bhaumik : The Indian
Railways Act (1981) Law Commission of India, 3 8th Report: Indian Post Office
Act, 1898(1968)

D03 UNION STATE FINANCIAL RELATIONS

Federalism-Essentials'. Models of Federal Governments, Australia, Canada,
Difference between federation and confederation, Evolution of federal
government in India, Distribution of Legislative Power/Administrative Power:
Indian Constitution, Centre State relations, Factors responsible for subordination
of states, Administrative relations.
Distribution of Fiscal Power: Scheme of Allocation of taxing power, Extent of
Union power of taxation, Residuary power-inclusion of fiscal power,
27
Restrictions of Fiscal Power: Fundamental Rights, Inter-government tax
immunities', Difference between tax and fee, Distribution of Tax Revenues: Tax-
sharing under the Constitution, Finance commission -Specific purpose grants
(Article 282)
Borrowing Power of the State : Borrowing by the Government of India,
Borrowing by the States, Inter-State Trade and Commerce : Freedom of inter-
state trade and commerce, Restrictions on legislative power of the Union and
States with regard to trade and commerce, Planning and Financial Relations :
Planning Commission, National Development Council, Plan grants Cooperative
Federalism, Full faith and credit, Inter-state Council, Zonal Councils, Inter-state
disputes, Federal Government in India: Model of Jammu and Kashmir. Sarkaria
Commission Report, What reforms are necessary?
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
H.M. Seervai: Constitutional Law of India (1991), Tripathi Bombav Sudha
Bhatnagar: UnionState Financial Relation and Financ: Commission (1979)
Ashok Chandra: Federalism in India (1965) V.D. Sebastain : Indian Federalism:
The Legislative Conflicts, Chs.7 and 8 (1980) Chandrapal: Centre-State
Relations and Cooperative federalisrChs. 5 and 8 (1983) G.C.V Subha Rao :
Legislative Power in Indian constitutional La', Chs. 37, 38; 39 (1982) K.P.
Krishna Shetty: The Law of Union-State Relations and t't_ Indian Federalism
Ch. 9(1981) Administrative Reforms Commission on Centre-State Relationshj
Ch.3 (1969) L.M. Singhvi (ed.): Union State Relations in India, 124-154 (1969)
D.T. Lakadwala: UnionState Financial Relations (1967) M.P. Jain : Indian
Constitutional Law (Latest Edn.) Wadhwa K. Subba Rao: The Indian Federation
(1969) K.C. Wheare: Federal Government (1963)

D04: CONSTITUTIONALISM PLURALISM AND FEDERALISM

Constitutionalism : Authoritarianism-Dictatorship Democracy - Communism,

Limited Government -concept limitations on government power, What is a
constitution Development of a democratic government in England Historical
evolution of constitutional government Conventions of constitutionalism -Law
and convention_ Written Constitutions : USA, Canada, Australia, Switzerland
South Africa and India, Separation of powers Montesquieu. Rule of Law:
Concept and new horizon Marxist concept of constitutionalism, Dictatorship of
if proletariat, Communist State from Stalin to Gorbache. Fundamental Rights:
28
Human Rights, Judicial Review: European Court of Human Rights, Human
Right: International Conventions, Limits and doctrine of domestic jurisdiction in
international law Federalism: What is a federal government? Difference:
between confederation and federation, Conditions requisite for federalism.
Patterns of federal government-US, Australia, Canada, India. Judicial review -
for federal umpiring, New trends in federalism: Cooperative federalism, India -
Central Control V. State Autonomy, Political factors influencing federalism,
Plural aspects of Indian Federalism: Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Assam,
Dynamic of Federalism Pluralism: What is a pluralistic society? Ethnic.
Linguistic, cultural, political pluralism, Individual rights - right to dissent,
Freedom of speech and expression, Freedom of the press, Freedom of
association, Rights to separateness, Freedom of religion, Rights of the religious
and linguistic minorities, Compensatory discrimination for backward classes,
Women-rights to equality and right to special protection, Scheduled Tribes,
Distinct Identity - protection against exploitation - NSIS - Exclusion from Hindu
Law, Uniform Civil Code: Non-State Law (NSLS) and State Law System-
Problem of a Uniform Code v. Personal Laws - vertical federalism
Equality in Plural Society: Right of equality and reasonable classification,
Prohibition of discrimination on ground of religion, caste, sex, language,
abolition of untouchability, Secularism - constitutional principles, Tribal Groups
and Equality, Pluralism and International Concerns, International Declaration of
Human Rights, Conventions against genocide, Protection of religious, ethnic and
linguistic minorities, state intervention for protection of human rights, Right of
self-determination.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Upendra Baxi: Law, Democracy and Human Rights, Lokayan Bulletin 1, (1987)
VM. Dandekar: Unitary Elements in a Federal Constitution, 22 EPW 1865
(1988) Rajeev Dhavan : The Press and the Constitutional Guarantee of Free
Speech and Expression 28 JILI299 (1986) M.A. Fazal: Drafting A British Bill of
Rights, 27 JILI, 423 (1985) M.P. Jain: Indian Constitutional Law Wadhwa H.M.
Seervai: Constitutional Law of India (1993), 'Tripathi, Bombay

D05 : HUMAN RIGHTS/DISSERTATION

Panoramic View of Human Rights: Human Rights is Non Western Thought,
Awareness of Human Rights during the nationalist movement, Universal
29
Declaration of Human, Rights, Constituent Assembly and Part 111, drafting
process. Subsequent developments in International Law and the Position in India
(e.g.) Convention of Social discrimination, torture, gender discrimination,
environment and the me human rights covenants), Fundamental Right:
Jurisprudence as incorporating Directive Principles : The dichotomy of
Fundamental Rights (F.R.) and Directive Principles (D.P.), The Interaction
between F.R. and D.P. Resultant expansion of basic needs oriented human rights
in India
Right not be subject to Torture, Inhuman or Cruel treatment Conceptions of
torture, third-degree methods, Justification for it, Outlawry of torture at
international and constitutional, law level, Incidence of torture in India, Judicial
attitudes. Law Reform - proposed and pending, Minority Rights Conception of
minorities, Scope of protection. The position of minority "Women" and their
basic rights, Communal Riots as involving violation of rights, Rights t.
development of Individuals and Nations : The UN Declaration on Right to
Development, 1987. The need for constitutional and legal changes in India from
human rights standpoint
People's Participation in Protection and Promotion of Human Rights: Role of
International NGOs, Amnesty International, Minority Rights Groups,
International Bars Association. Law Asia, Contribution of these groups to
protection and promotion of human rights in India. Development Agencies and
Human Rights : Major international funding agencies and their operations in
India. World Bank lending and resultant violation/ promotion human rights,
Should development assistance be tied to observance of human rights (as
embodied in various UN Declarations), Comparative Sources of Learning: EEC
Jurisprudence, The Green Movement in Germany, The International Peace
Movement, Models of Protection of the right of indigenous peoples : New
Zealand (Maori) Australia, Aborigines and Canada (Indiana) Freedoms: Free
Press - Its role in protecting human rights, Rights of association, Right to due
process of law, Access and Distributive justice, Independence of the Judiciary :
Role of the Legal profession, Judicial appointments tenure of judges,
Qualifications of judges, Separation of judiciary from executive. European
convention of Human Rights: European Commission Court of Human Rights,
Amnesty International, PUCL.PUDR, Citizens for Democracy, Minorities

30
Commission. Human Rights Commission, Remedies against Violation of
Human Rights.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

M.J. Akbar: Riots after Riots (1988)U. Baxi (ed.): The Rights to be Human
(1986) U. Baxi: The Crisis of the Indian Legal System (1982) Vikas Publishing
House, New Delhi Madhavtirtha: Human Rights (1953) Nagendra Singh :
Human (tights and International cooperation (1969) S.C. Kashyap: Human
Rights and Parliament (1978) S.C. Khare: Human Rights and United Nations
(1977) Upendra Baxi : Human Rights, Accountability and Development, Indian
Journal of International Law, 279 (1978)

GROUP –E: HUMAN RIGHTS LAW

E01 CONCEPT AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
E02 HUMAN RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE
E03: HUMAN RIGHT ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM
E04: HUMAN RIGHTS AND SPECIAL INTERESTS/ DISADVANTAGED GROUPS:
WOMEN’S AND CHILDREN
E05 INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW REFUGEE LAW/ DISSERTATION

E01 CONCEPT AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Human Rights: Jurisprudence of Human Rights (i) Concept of 'Right' and 'Duty'.
(A) Jural relationship, and (B) Problem in International Law of Rights, without
Remedy, (ii) Meaning and Diversifications of Human Rights : (A) Meaning
derived from Scope : How to determine which human rights are Important?
General or Universal? (B) Meaning derive from Values: Protective, Humanizing,
Community building and Distributive. (C) Meaning derive from functions:
Rational, Restraining, Legitimizing and distributive functions, (i) Justificatory
Theories (A) Theology: (B) Natural Law and Natural Rights: (C) Positivist
Theory: (D) Marxist Theory: (E) Utilitarian Theory: (F) Sociological Process:
(ii) Contribution of Modern Theories of Human Rights in shaping the concept:
(A) Modern Approaches: 1. Priori Approach. 2. Universal Perspectives
Approach. 3. Ideal Observer Approach. 4. Rational Contract Approach. (B)
Revived natural Rights Theory: (C) Theories based on Distributive Justice: 1.

31
Rawls theory on Social Justice. 2. Ackerman's theory of Egalitarianism pursued.
3. Cahn's approach of identifying injustice. (D) Theories based on Autonomy:
1. Gewirth theory of liberal approach. 2. Nozick's theory of libertarianism. (E)
Theories based on Equal Respect: 1. Dworkin's Theory of equality and liberty.
2. Claims flow from human dignity. 3. Application of various theories to key
values. (Hi) Collective Rights: 1. Are Collective rights human rights? 2. Right to
Solidarity, Development and Peace. 3. Balancing Collective rigfits'and
individual human rights. Role of Jurists Sociological/Functional Approaches in
Jurisprudence, Realist Movement and Judicial Process : A study of selected
ideas. Thomas Pain, Locke, J. S. Mill, Gercmy Bentham, Laski, Dwarkin,
Nozick and Gandhi Unit 4 Evolution of Human Rights Milestones in
Development of Human Rights, Thought on International Plane (a) Evolution of
Human Rights Thinking, contributions of Ancient Civilizations, Magna Carta,
The British Bill of Rights, French and American Declarations. HUMAN
RIGHTS, DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, 1948 (Article 29), UN General Assembly Declaration on the Right and
Responsibility of Individuals, Groups, and Organs of Society to Promote and
Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
1999, UNESCO Declaration of the Responsibilities of the Present Generation
Towards Future Generations 1997.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Suggested books: Angela Hegarty: Siobhan Leonard, Human Rights an Agenda
for the 21st Century (1999) Lalit Parmar : Human Rights (1998) Rama Jis :
Human Rights : Bhartiya Values (1998) David P. : Forsythe, Human Rights in
International Relations Lon L. Fuller, The Morality of Law John Finnis : Natural
law and Natural Rights (1980) Julius Stone : Human Law and Human Justice
(2000), Universal, New Delhi M.G Chitkara: Human Rights: Commitment and
Batrayal (1966).

E02: HUMAN RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Emerging Trends of Different Rights in Contemporary international Scenario.

Including economic, social, and cultural rights with special reference lo : (a)
Rights of the People and nations to Self-Determination. (b) Freedom from
Discrimination (c) Right to Work (d) Right to Education (e) Right to health (f)
Right to Adequate food (g) Right to adequate Shelter and Services (h) Right to
32
Culture (i) Right to Clean Environment (j) Right to Development Major
International Conventions and Treaties.
Civil and Political Rights: (a) Right to Life, Liberty and Security of person: UN
General Assembly resolution of Summary or arbitrary Executions, 1984,
International Convention against Taking of Hostages, 1979, UN General
Assembly Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced
disappearance, 1992, Vienna Declaration on Human Rights, I'Wl, Vienna
Declaration on Crime and Justice: Meeting the challenges of the Twenty-first
Century, 2000. (b) Freedom from Torture: Convention on Prevention and
Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1948, Declaration on the Protection of
Women and children in emergency and Armed Conflict, 1974, Declaration on
standard Minimum Rules for Treatment of prisoners, 1957. Convention on the
Protection of All Persons from Being Subjected to Torture and Other Cruel,
Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984, Code of conduct for
Law Enforcement Officials, 1979, WHO Guidelines for Medical Doctors
Concerning Torture or punishment in relation to detention or Imprisonment,
1975, UN Turst Fund for Victims for Torture, 1981, Declaration of Minimum
Humanitarian Standards (Institute for Human Rights, Oslo) 1994. (c) Freedom
from Slavery: Slavery Convention, 1926 and supplementary Convent ion, 1956,
Convention for the Suppression of Traffic in Persons and of Exploitation of the
prostitution of Others, 1949, Forced Labour Convention, l')57. (d)
Administration of Justice by states: Vienna Declaration on Crime and Justice:
Meeting the challenges of the Twenty-first Century, Five Yearly UN congresses
on the prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders. Principles relating
to Independence of Judiciary, Caracas, 1980, Declaration of Basic Principles of
Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, 1985. (e) Right to Freedom of
Opinion and Expression: Convention on the International right of Correction,
1952, UNESCO Declaration on Fundamental Principles concerning the
Contribution of the Media to Strengthening Peace and international
Understanding to the Promotion of Human rights, 1978. (f).Freedom of
Association including Trade Union Rights: ILO Conventions on the Freedom of
Association and Protection of the Right to Organize, 1948, the Right to Organize
and Collective Bargaining, 1949, Workers' Representatives, 1971, the Rural
Workers Organizations, 1975, the Labour Relations (Public Services) 1978, the
Collective Bargaining, 1981. (g) Right to participation in governance Rights of
33
Minorities and Disadvantaged groups (a) Rights of Ethnic, Religious or
Linguistic Minorities: Declaration on the Right of Persons Belonging to Ethnic,
Religious and Linguistic Minorities, 1992. (b) Rights of the Elderly: World
Assembly on Ageing, Vienna, 1982 (c) Rights of the Indigenous People: UN
Voluntary Fund for Indigenous populations, 1985, Declaration on the
Indigenous People, 1995 (d) Rights of Migrant Workers: Convention on the
protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families,
1990, 1LO Convention on Migrant Workers (e) Rights of the Disabled: UN
General Assembly Declaration on the Rights of the disabled Persons, 1975,
Declaration on the Rights of mentally retarded persons, 1971, Resolution on the
rights of the disabled persons adopted by the Coordinating Committee of
National Institutions forthe Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, 1993.
(f) Human Rights and Terrorism: UN General Assembly resolution 54/164 on
Human Rights and Terrorism, 2000. Human Rights under regional charters (a)
Asian charter (b) African charter (c) European charter (d) American charter

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Suggested Books UN, Human Rights: A Compilation of international

Instruments (New York: UN Publication Division, 1983). UN Centre for Human
Rights, International Human Rights standards for Law Enforcement (Geneva :
World Campaign for Human Rights, 1996). UN, The Standard Rules on the
Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities (New York : UN
Publication division, 1994). UN World Campaign for Human Rights. The
African Charter on Human and people's rights (Geneva, 1990). Aggarwal,
Amita, "Human Rights of Women in India and International Standards", in MR
Dube and Neeta Bora, eds, Perspectives on Human Rights (New Delhi: Anamika
Publishers, 2000), pp. 97-106. Jenks, W., Human Rights and international labour
Standards (London :Stevens, 1960). Ghai, Yash, "Human rights and Asian
Values", Journal of Indian Law Institute, vol. 40, nos., 1- 4, 1998, pp. 67-86
Gandhi, Sandy, "Spare the Rod: Corporal Punishments in Schools and the
European Convention on Human Rights", International and Comparative Law
Quarterly, vol. 33, no.2,1984, pp. 488- 94. The Rome Statute of the International
Criminal Court (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000). Cerna, Christina, M., "The
Structure and Functioning of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights',

34
British Yearbook of International Law, vol. 63,19992, pp. 135-229. Evans,
Malcolm and Rod Mergan, "The European Convention for the Prevention of
Torture: Operational Practice", International and Comparative Law Quarterly,
vol.41, no.3,1992, pp. 590-614. "The European and American Conventions : A
Comparison", Human Rights Law Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, 1980, pp. 44-58. Ghai,
Yash, "Human Rights and Asian Values", Journal of Indian Law Institute, vol.
40, nos. 1-4,1998, pp. 67-86. Gittleman, Richard, "The African charter on
Human and People's Rights: A Legal Analysis", Virginia Journal of international
Law, vol. 22, no.4, 1982, pp. 667-714. Madhusudhanana V., "European System
for the protection of Human Rights (The Hague : Martinus Nijhoff, 1977) Mani,
V.S., "The European unknown's Approach to human Rights: Implications on
India's Trade". In H.S. Chopra, ed., India and the European Unknown in the 21st
Century (New Delhi: ICWA, 1998), pp. 134-5 *. Padilla, Davidj., "the Inter-
American System for the Promotion and Protection of human Rights" Georgia
Journal of International and comparative Law Quarterly, vol.20, no.2,1990, pp.
407-12 Scheman, I.R. "The Inter-American Commission on human Rights".
American Journal of International Law, vol.64, no. 2, 1965, pp. 35-48

E03: HUMAN RIGHT ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM

Human Rights: Implementation and Supervision by the United Nations

Organisation (i) National measures of Implementation and Supervision, (ii)
International Measures for Implementation and Supervision (A) Periodic
reporting system. (B) Procedure for dealing with Inter-state Complaints. 1.
Reverences to International Court of Justice. 2. References to European and
Inter-American Court of Human Rights. 3. Fact-finding and Conciliation. (C)
Procedure for consideration of Private Communications. (D)Conflicts between
various Implementation Procedures (iii) United Nations Human Rights Council
(iv; United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (v) I lulled Nations
Commission on Human Rights
Hainan Rights and the International Labour Organisation (i) Permanent
Supervision of the Application of the I.L.O. Standards.(A) Information and
Reports 1. Information on submission of Conventions and Recommendations ID
the competent authorities. 2. Reports on ungratified Conventions and
Recommendations. 3. Reports on ratified Conventions. 4. Involvement of
Employers' and Workers' Organizations in the Supervisory Procedures. (B)
35
Supervisory Bodies: 1. The Committee of Experts on application of the
Conventions and Recommendations. 2.The Conference committee on
application of the Conventions and Recommendations. 3. The System of Direct
Contract. (C) Contentious Procedures 1. Representations against Members. 2.
Complaints against Members. (D) Special Freedom of Association Procedure. 1.
The Committee of Freedom Association. 2. The Fact Finding and Conciliation
Commission on Freedom of Association. (E) Non-Contentious Procedures.
Human Rights: Implementation under the Regional Instruments on £ through
Nongovernmental Organization (A) i. European Commission of human Rights,
ii. European Court of Human Rights iii. Inter-American Commission on Human
Rights. iv. Inter-American Court on Human Rights, v. O.A.S. General Assembly
and the Committee of Ministers. (B) International Non-Governmental
Organizations : 1. Meaning of International Non-governmental Organizations 2.
Role of International Non-governmental Organizations in Implementation of
Human Rights, (i) Diplomatic Interventions and Mission by NGOs. (ii) Public
discussions of Human Rights Violations (iii) Contribution to International
Investigative Procedures, (iv) AIDS and Human Rights (v) Activities at Local
levels. (C) Contribution to Development of Human Rights Norms Human
Rights: Implementation Mechanism in India (i) Executive, Legislature and
Judiciary, (ii) National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights
Commission(s), Other Commissions and Committees at Central and State level
(iii) Human Rights Court, (iv) Information Media and Education (v) Role of
N.GOs. in Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in India.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Suggested books : D.D. Basu : Human Rights in Indian Constitutional Law
(1994) Vijay Chitnis (et al.): Human Rights and the Law: National and Global
Perspectives(1997) B.P. Singh Sehgal: law Judiciary and Justice in India (1993)
James Vadakkumchery : Human Rights and the Politics in India (1996) Saxena:
Tribals and the law (1997) Poornima Advani: Indian Judiciary: a Tribute (1997)
Justice Venkataramiah: Human Rights in the Changing World (1998):, Paramjit
S. Jaiswat and and Neshtha Jaiswal: Human Rights and the Law (1996).

E04: HUMAN RIGHTS AND SPECIAL INTERESTS/ DISADVANTAGED GROUPS:

WOMEN’S AND CHILDREN

1. Philosophical and Social Perspectives

36
2. Status of Women in Contemporary Indian Society (i) Women (a) Poverty,
Illiteracy, Lack of Independence, oppressive Social Customs and gender Bias (b)
Violence against and abuse of Women in public and private domains
3. International Norms for Protection of Women (a) ILO Conventions for
protection of female Labour (b) UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in
Education, l%() (c) UN Convention on Political Rights of Women 1952,
Convention on I Elimination on all Forms of Discrimination against Women,
1979. Convention on Nationality of Married Women, 1957, Convention on
Consent lo marriage. Minimum Age of Marriage and Registration of Marriages,
1962, Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the
Exploitation oldie Prostitution of Others, 1949. Declaration on the Elimination
of Violence against Women, 1993, Convention on Political Rights of Women,
1952 (d) Declaration on the Participation of Women in Promoting International
Peace and Cooperation, 1982 (e) Documents of the Four World Conferences on
Women: Mexico, 1975, Copenhagen, 1980, Nairobi, 1985, Beijing, 1995 (f)
Protection of women in armed conflicts (g) Other relevant development 4. The
Constitution of India and Status of Women (i) Women (a) Fundamental Rights
and Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties under the Constitution, (b)
Special provisions for the protection of women: Article 15(3), Article 39(d) &
(e), Article 42, Articles 243-D & 243-T.
5. Special Laws and Policies for Protection of Women (i) Women (a) Special
Laws: Suppression of Immoral Traffic Act, 1956, Indecent Representation of
Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986, Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1982,
Mecial Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 Maternity Benefit Act, 1961. Other
laws having a direct bearing on protection of women (b) Gaps between
International Norms and Indian Law, if any (c) Women and public policy:
female of current public debate political rights of women (reservations and
protection of women) personal Laws and status of women
6. Institutional Mechanism for Protection of the Women (a) Constitutional
Mechanisms: Legislature, Executive and Judiciary (special contribution of
judiciary) (b) Statutory mechanism: National Commission for Women, National
Human Rights Commission, State Commissions (c) The Non-government i
organizations (d) the Information Media (e) Role of Education
7. Philosophical and Social Perspectives

37
8. Status of Children in Contemporary Indian Society (a) Impact of problems of
Poverty and Illiteracy (b) Social and Cultural practices regarding Girl Child:
Feticide, Child Marriage (c) Child Labour in unorganized sectors. Forced labour,
Sale of Children (d) Child abuse inside and outside homes, trullicking in
Children, Children and Custodial Crimes (e) Street Children: Child and Crime
9. International norms for Protection of Children (a) ILO conversions on
restrictions and prohibition on child labour including ILO Convention on Child
Labour, 1999 (b) UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989, Optional
Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed conflict, and Optional
Protocol on Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, 2000.
Declaration of Social and Legal Principles relating to the Protection and Welfare
of Children with Special Reference to Foster, Placement and Adoption, 1986 (c)
UNK SCO: International Charter of Physical Education and Sports, 1978,
Convention on Technical and Vocational Education, 1989. Convention and
Recommendation against Discrimination in Education, 1960, Universal
Declaration on the human Genome and Human Rights, 1997. Declaration on the
Responsibilities of the Present Generation towards Future Generations, 1997 (d)
World Summit for Children: Declaration and Plan of Action (e) Other relevant
developments
10. The Constitution of India and Status of Children (a) Fundamental rights and
Directive Principles under Indian Constitution (b) Special Protection for the
child: article 15(3), Article 24, Article 39 (e) & (f), Article 45 (c) Judicial
Endeavor and Children
11. Special Laws and Policies for Protection of the Child (a) Child Labour
(Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, Children (Pledging of Labour) Act,
1933, Young Person (Harmful Publications) Act, 1956, Child Marriage Restraint
Act, 1929, Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of
Misuse) Act, 1956, Children's Act, 1960, Orphanges and Other Charitable
Homes (Supervision and Control) Act, 1960, Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection
of Children) Act 2000. (b) Other Laws relevant to protection of the Chi Id (a)
Gaps between International norms and the Indian Law, if any (b) Government
Policies
12. Institutional Mechanism for Protection of Child (a) Constitutional
Mechanisms: Legislature, Executive, Judiciary (Special contribution of
judiciary) (b) National Human Rights Commission, National Commission for
38
Rights of the Child (c) Non-Governmental organizations (d) The Information
Media (e) Role of Education

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Suggested Books: UN Centre for Human Rights, The Rights of the child
(Geneva: World Campaign for Human Rights 1996). UN High Commissioner
for human Rights, Sexual Exploitation of Children (Geneva : UN Publication
Division, 1996). UN, Convention on the Rights of the Child (New York: UN
Department of Public Information, 1999) UNICEF, The Child and the Law
(New Delhi: UNICEF, 1994). UNICEF, The Media and the Children's Rights: A
Practical Introduction for Media Professionals (New Delhi: UNESCp, 2000).
UNICKI, The State of World's Children 2001 (New York: UNICEF, 2001).
Agarwal, S.P., Handbook on Child (New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company,
1992). Dennis, Michael J., "Newly Adopted Protocols to the convention on the
rights of the Child", American Journal of International Law, Vol. 94,2000, pp.
789-96. Diwan, Paras and Peeyushi Diwan, Children and Legal protection (New
Delhi: Deep mid Deep Publishers, 1994). Gupta, Sriniwas, "Rights of Child and
Child Labour: A Critical Study". Journal of Indian law Institute, Vol. 37, No. 4,
Oct. to Dec. I'W, pp. 531-42.Khanna, S.K., children and the Human Rights
(New Delhi: Commonwealth, 1998). Kumar, Bindal, Problems of Working
Children (New Delhi: All I Publications, 2000). Mehta, P.L. and S.s. Jaswal,
Child Labour and the Ltiw (New Delhi: Deep and Deep Publications 1966.
Misra, Ranganath, "Rights of the Child", in K.P. Saksena, ed., Human Rights:
Fifty Years of India's Independence (New Delhi: gyan Publishing House, 1999),
pp. 38-46. Pachauri, S.K. Children and human Rights (New Delhi: APH
Publishing Corporation, 1999). Pal, R.M. "Wrong and Rights of the Child", in
K.P. Saksena, ed., Human Rights: I'illy years of India's Independence (New
Delhi : Gyan Publishing House, 19 W), pp. 47-58. Raina, B.K., "child and
Human Rights: An Insight" in B.P. Singh Sehgal, ed., Human Rights in India:
Problem and Perspective (New Delhi: Deep and Deep Publications, 1999), pp.
182-86. Sachar, Rajinder, "Rights ofthe Child", Wood Focus, vol. 13, No. 3,
March 1992, pp. 22-23. Saksena, Anu, Human Rights and Child Labour in
Indian Industries (New Delhi, Shipra Publications, 1999). Saksena, K.P.,
"Recent Supreme Court Judgment on Child Labour: A Critique", in K.P.
Saksena, eds., Human Rights: Fifty years of India's Independence (New Delhi:

39
Gyan Publishing House, 1999), pp. 73-78. Saxena, Ira, "Needs of the Child :
Education for Pleasure", in K.P. Saksena, ed., Human Rights in Asia : Problems
and Perspective (New Delhi: HURITER, 1984), pp. 101-110. Seth, Leila,
"Rights of the Child", India International Centre Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 4, 1993,
pp. 79-90. Shams, Shamusuddin, Women, Law and Social Change (1997).
Sharma, A.K., "Human Rights Violations of Street Children and Child Labour in
India", in B.P. Singh Sehgal ed. Human Rights in India: Problem and
Perspectives (New Delhi: Deep and Deep publications, 1995), pp. 187-91.
Weisner, the Child and the State in India (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1991).

E05 INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW REFUGEE LAW/

DISSERTATION
International Humanitarian Law (IHL) (j) Origin and development of IHL with
contribution of Indian ethos (ii) Sources of IHL (iii) International armed conflict
and International Humanitarian Law. (iv) Doctrine of military necessity versus
the principles of humanity (v) Role of IHL in non-international armed conflicts
(vi) National perspectives on IHL (vii) Role of International Red Cross and
NGOs Implementation and Enforcement of IHL (a) Concept of Protecting Power
(b) United Nations (c) International Criminal Court and Tribunals (d)
Unilateralism humanitarian intervention versus state sovereignty (e)
Humanitarian assistance (f) State obligations in times of peace and during armed
conflicts-national implementation of the Geneva conventions. National
Legislation with penal repression of violation of International Humanitarian
Law. (g) Universal Jurisdiction for the breach of IHL. Relation between
International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law
International Humanitarian and Refugee Laws (i) History of refugee law :
Definition and description (a) Meaning (b) Refugee defined in International
Instruments 1942-46. (c) Refugee for the purpose of United Nations (d)
Development of Statutory definition and extension of mandate (e) Other regional
and related instruments (ii) Determination of Refugee Status: (a) Under the
Refugee Convention J951 and Protocol of 1967 (b) Problem of Refugees in non-
armed conflict situations (economic, environmental, natural disasters) (iii)
Protection under International law (a) Right of non-refoulment 1. Principle of
non-refoulment 2.Non-refoulment and its relation with admission and non
rejection at the frontier, 3.Extradition, 4.Expulsion 5.Illegal entry 6.Measures not
40
amounting to non-refoulment. (b) Right to Asylum (c) UNHCR and Refugee
protection
(i) Loss and denial of Refugee status and its benefits (a) Voluntary acts of
individual (b) Change of circumstances (c) Protection or assistance by other
States or UN agencies (d) Undeserving Cases (vi) Protection in India (a)
Protection without legislation and judicial determination: case law (b) Status of
refugees in India under UNHCR (c) India and 1951 Convention (ii) Solution to
Refugee Problem (a) Resettlement in third country (b) Repatriation: voluntary or
Forced (c) Local assimilation (d) Protective zones (iii) International Law and
Internally displaced Persons: UN Guiding Principles on Internal displacement
1998 (ix) Rights and Duties of the International Community (a) Concept of
burden sharing (b) Finding durable solutions: roots of refugee problem
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Suggested Books : Independent Commission on International Humanitarian
Issues, Modern Wars: the Humanitarian Challenge, Report presented by
Mohammed Bedjaoni (London : Zed Books, 1986) International Committee of
the Red Cross and Henry Dunant Institute, Bibliography of International
Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflict (Geneva : International
Committee of the Red Cross, 1987) International Committee for the Red Cross
and international federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Handbook
of the International red Cross and red Crescent movement (Geneva, 13th ed.,
1994.) International Committee for the Red cross, Fundamental Rules of
International Humanitarian Law applicable in armed Conflict (1979). UN Centre
for Human Rights, Human Rights and Refugees (Geneva: World Campaign for
Human Rights, 1993) UN centre for Human Rights, international Humanitarian
Law and Human Rights (Geneva,: World Campaign for Human Rights, 1992).
UN Centre for Human Rights, Special issue on Human Rights and Humanitarian
Law and Human Rights and Refugee law (New York, 1992). UNESCO,
International Dimensions of Humanitarian Law (Paris : UNESCCO, 1988)
UNHRC, Collection of International Instruments, and other Legal tests
Concerning Refugee and Displaced Persons (UNHRC, 1995) UNHCR, The
State of World's Refugee : A Humanitarian Agenda (1997-98). Abi-Saab,
Rozemary, "The Principles of Humanitarian Law according to the international
Court Justice'. International Review of the Red Cross, no. 259, 1987, pp. 367-78.
Bankowski, I, ed. International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research
41
Involving Human Subjects (Geneva : WHO, 1993). Bhagwati, P.N.,
"International Aspect of Rights to I -ife, peace and Development".Denver
journal International Law and Policy vol. I9.no. 1, Fall 1990, pp. 67-76. Bond,
B.E. Harrel, Imposing Aid emergency Assistance to Refugees (Oxford
University Press, 1985. Carlier, Jean, Who is a Refugee" A Comparative Case
Law Study (The Hague: Kluwar law International, 1971). Cassese, Antonio,
"Wards of national Liberation and Humanitarian Law", in Studies and Essays on
International Humanitarian Law and Red Cross Principles in Honour of jean
Picter (The Hague : Martinus Nijhoff, 1984), pp. 313-24. Chakraborty, Manik,
Human Rights and Refugees, Problems, Law and Practices (New Delhi:Deep
and Deepa, 1998). Chhangani, R.C., "Discrimination of Refugees Status in
Nigeria", Indian Journal of International Law, vol. 34,1994, pp. 455-56. Chimni,
B.S., International Refugee Law: A Reader (New Delhi: Sage Publications,
2000)

GROUP –F: ENVIRONMENT AND LEGAL ORDER

F01: ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT; LAW AND POLICY
F02: RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND LAW
F03: PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION
F04: ENVIRONMENT AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ORDER
F05: BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND LEGAL ORDER/DISSERTATION

F01: ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT; LAW AND POLICY

The Idea of Environment: Ancient and medieval writings, Traditions, Natural and biological
sciences: perspectives, Modern concept: Conflicting dimension, Development: Theories of
development, Right to development, Sustainable development-national and international
perspectives, developing economics Policy and Law: From Stockholm to Rio and after, Post –
Independence India, Role of Government, Five Year Plans, Forest Policy, Conservation
strategy, Water policy.

Population, Environment and Development: Population explosion and environmental

impact, Population and development, Population and sustainable development

42
Constitutional Perspectives : Fundamental Rights, Right to environment, Enforcement of the
right, Directive principles and fundamental duties, Legislative power, Environment: Emerging
concepts and challenges, Polluter pay principle : absolute liability of hazardous, industry,
Precautionary principle, Public trust doctrine,
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

C.M. Abraham: Environmental Jurisprudence in India, (1999), Kluwer Madhav Gadgil and
Ramachandra Guha: This Fissured Island: An Ecological History of India (1996), Oxford R.B.
Singh & Suresh Mishra : Environmental Law in India (1996), Concept Publishing Co., New
Delhi Kailuih Thakur : Environmental Protection : Law and Policy in India (1997), Deep &
Deep Publications, New Delhi Richard L. Riversz, et. al. (eds.): Environmental Law, The
Economy and Sustainable Development (2000), Cambridge Department of Science and
Technology, Government of India. Report of the Committee for recommending Legislative
Measures and Administrative Machinery for Ensuring Environmental Protection (1980) (Tiwari
Committee Report) Darryl D'Monte : Temples or Tombs Industry versus Environment: Three
Controversies (1985), Centre for Science and Environment. New Delhi Indian Journal of Public
Administration Special Number on Environment and Administration, July-September 1988, Vol.
XXXV, No. 3, pp. 353-801 Khosho: Environmental Concerns and Strategies (1988), Ashish, Delhi
Centre for Science and Environment, The State of India's Environment 1982.-The State of India
Environment 1984-85 and the State of Indian Environment 1999-2000 World Commission on
Environment and Development, Our Common Future (1987), Oxford.
F02: RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND LAW

Water: Salinity, Bund and spill ways, Aquaculture and fishing: regulation, Irrigation,
Ground water management, Interstate water management and disputes Land: Controls on
land development, Eco-friendly land planning: conservation, utilization and conversion,
Mining and quarrying. Concepts of common Property and State Property: Forest. Wildlife,
Common facilities and the right to use: roads, parks, pathways, lakes, rivers. Natural
heritage-Tribal habitat, Historical monuments. Wet lands: Wise use concept Energy:
Sources, Energy related environmental problems: tapping, transmission and utilization,
indiscriminate use, utilization of conventional energy: hydroelectric, thermal and nuclear,
Non-conventional energy: Solar, wind, tidal and biogas.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

43
Kailash Thakur: Environmental Protection: Law and Policy in India (1997), Deep & Deep
Publications, New Deihi WCED : Our Forest, Our Future (1999), Cambridge Abraham,
C.M. ; Environmental Jurisprudence in India (1999), Cluwer Diwedi: India's
Environmental Policies, Programmes and Stuwardship (1999), McMillan Enid M. Barren, et
al. (eds.): Royal commission on Environmental Pollution, London, UK (1998), Kluwer
David B. Wilkins: Animal Welfare in Europe (1997), Kluwer Mark Austen and Tamara
Richards: Basic Legal Documents on International Animal Welfare and Wild Life
Conservation (2000), Kluwer Jack Grosse: Protection and management of our Natural
Resources, Wild Life and Habitat (1997), Oceana Leelakrishnan, P. et al. (eds.) : Law and
Environment (1990) Leelakrishnan, P. : The Environmental Law in India (1999),
Butterworths, India Standing Committee on Environment Law American Bar Association,
Common Boundary Common Problems : The Environmental Consequences of Energy
Production (1982) S.K. Jain and A.R.K. Sastry : Threatened Plants of India: A State of the
Art Report (1980) Armin Rozcncranz, et al. (eds.): Environmental Policy and Law in India
(1988), Butter worths, India.
F03: PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION
Pollution: Meaning, Kinds of pollution and their impact, Pollution of Water: Definition,
Ground water pollution. Sources, Critique of existing laws, Machinery, Powers, Function
Offences and Penalties. Pollution of Air: Pollutants and effects, Modalities of control,
Conflicts of jurisdiction of different control, Agencies, Critique, of the existing legal
framework, Noise Pollution: Sources and effects, Different legal controls, Need for specific
law.

Disposal of Waste: Kinds of wastes, Disposal agencies: local bodies and other agencies,
Disposal and recycling of wastes, Sanctions against Pollution: Efficacy of criminal and
civil sanctions. Corporate liability, civil and criminal, Should penalties be prohibitive, Civil
liability, compensatory and penal, Administrative compensation system, Incentives to
pollution control.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Kailash Thakur: Environmental Protection Law and Policy in India (1997), Deep & Deep
publications, New Delhi Enid, M. Barson and IIga Nielson (eds.): Agriculture and Sustainable
use in Europe (1998), Kluwer Leelakrishnan, P. etal. (eds.): Law and Environment (1990)
Leelakrishnan, P.: The Environmental Law in India (1999), Butterworth’s. India Indian Law
Institute, Mass Disasters and Multinational Liability: The Bhopal Case (1986)
44
Inconvenient Forum and Convenient Catastrophe: The Bhopal Case (1986) Armin
Rozencranz, et. al. (eds.): Environmental Policy and Law in India (2000), Butterworth’s
India.
F04: ENVIRONMENT AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ORDER

International Concern for Environmental Protection: World environment movement,

Natural and cultural heritage, Role of international and regional organizations,
International Obligations towards sustainable Development: International financing policy,
World environment fund, Global Environmental Facility (GEF), International Cooperation,
Poverty alleviation Marine Environment : Marine resources : conservation and
exploitation, Scientific research and exploration. Antarctic environment, International Seabed
Authority, Pollution from ships, Dumping of oil and other wastes into the sea Trans-
boundary Pollution Hazards: Oil pollution, Nuclear fall cuts and accidents, Acid rain, Chemical
pollution, Green house effect, Depletion of ozone layer, Space pollution. Control of
Multinational Corporations and Containment of Environmental Hazards: Problems of
liability and control mechanisms, Disaster management at international level, Monopoly of
biotechnology by MNCs, Disposal and Dumping of Hazardous Wastes: Transnational
Problem and Control.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Priya Kanjan Trivedi: International Environmental Laws (1996), A. P. H. Publishing

Corporation, New Delhi Sri Elworthy and Jane Holder: Environmental Protection: Text and
Materials (1997), Butterworths Nathali L. TJ. Horbach: Contemporary Developments in
Nuclear Energy Law (1999), Kluwer Indian Law Institute, Legal Control of Environmental
Pollution (1980) Varshney, C. K. (ed.): Water Pollution and Management (1983), Wiley
Eastern, New Delhi World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common
Future (1987), Oxford British Institute of International and Comparative Law, Selected
Documents on International Environmental Law (1975), London Standing Committee on
Environmental Law American Bar Association, Common Boundary/Common Problems: I.P.C.
Local body Laws: An overview.
F05: BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND LEGAL ORDER/DISSERTATION
Biodiversity; Meaning, Need for protection of biodiversity. Dependence of human life on
the existence in flora and fauna Significance of wild life. Medicinal plants, Plant and
microorganism. Biodiversity and Legal Regulation: Utilization of flora and fauna for bio-
medical purposes, Experimentation on animals: Legal and ethical issues, Genetic
45
mutation of seeds and microorganisms, genetic Engineering, Legal mechanisms of control,
Recognition of regional and local agencies. Development Projects and Destruction of
Biodiversity: Concept of sustainable development Problems in Legal Regulation of
Medicinal Plants : Cosmetic plants. Animal products. Utilization of flora and fauna for
bio-medical purposes by Multinational corporations: Problems of control, Regulation of
trade in wild-life products.

Legal framework for Development and Protection of Sanctuaries: Parks, Zoos,

Biosphere resources, Protection of genetic resources for agriculture
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Arjun Prasad Nagore : Biological Diversity and International Environmental Law

(1996), A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi Project Large: Plant Variety
Protection and Plant Biotechnology - Options tor lndia (1999), Allied M.S.
Swaminathan: Genetic Conservation: Microbes to Man, Presidential Address as XV
International Congress of Genetics, New Delhi, India, December, 12-21.1983 K.L.
Mehta and R.L. Arora: Plant Genetic Resources of India: their Diversity and
Conservation (1982), National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi P.N.
Bhatet. al.: Animal Genetic Resources lndia(1981) P.N. Bhat: Conservation of Animal
Genetic Resources in India', Animal Genetic Resources, Conservation and
Management FAO, Rome (1981)

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