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    SQL Queries

    Uploaded by

    Warda Habib
    The document describes various SQL statements for creating, modifying, and querying databases and tables. It introduces the CREATE, DROP, ALTER, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE, and SELECT statements and provides syntax examples for creating databases and tables, adding/dropping columns, inserting/updating/deleting data, and querying tables using conditions, operators, aggregation, and more.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    SQL Queries

    Uploaded by

    Warda Habib
    83 views8 pages
    The document describes various SQL statements for creating, modifying, and querying databases and tables. It introduces the CREATE, DROP, ALTER, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE, and SELECT statements and provides syntax examples for creating databases and tables, adding/dropping columns, inserting/updating/deleting data, and querying tables using conditions, operators, aggregation, and more.

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    sql queries

    Original Title

    SQL QUERIES

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    The document describes various SQL statements for creating, modifying, and querying databases and tables. It introduces the CREATE, DROP, ALTER, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE, and SELECT statements and provides syntax examples for creating databases and tables, adding/dropping columns, inserting/updating/deleting data, and querying tables using conditions, operators, aggregation, and more.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    83 views8 pages

    SQL Queries

    Uploaded by

    Warda Habib
    The document describes various SQL statements for creating, modifying, and querying databases and tables. It introduces the CREATE, DROP, ALTER, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE, and SELECT statements and provides syntax examples for creating databases and tables, adding/dropping columns, inserting/updating/deleting data, and querying tables using conditions, operators, aggregation, and more.

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    SQL CREATE DATABASE Statement

    Syntax:
    CREATE DATABASE databasename;
    Query:
    CREATE DATABASE testDB;
    SQL DROP DATABASE Statement
    Syntax:
    DROP DATABASE databasename;
    Query:
    DROP DATABASE testDB;
    SQL CREATE TABLE Statement
    Syntax:
    CREATE TABLE table_name (
    column1 datatype,
    column2 datatype,
    column3 datatype,
    .... );
    Query:
    CREATE TABLE Persons (
    PersonID int,
    LastName varchar(255),
    FirstName varchar(255),
    Address varchar(255),
    City varchar(255));
    Example:
    Persons
    Create Table Using Another Table
    Syntax
    CREATE TABLE new_table_name AS
    SELECT column1, column2,...
    FROM existing_table_name
    WHERE ....;
    Query:
    CREATE TABLE Customers AS
    SELECT FirstNaame, Address
    FROM Persons;
    Example:
    Customers

    DROP TABLE Statement


    Syntax:
    DROP TABLE table_name;
    Query:
    DROP TABLE Persons;
    SQL TRUNCATE TABLE
    Syntax:
    TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
    Query:
    TRUNCATE TABLE Persons;
    SQL ALTER TABLE Statement
     ALTER TABLE - ADD Column
    Syntax:
    ALTER TABLE table_name
    ADD column_name datatype;
    Query:
    ALTER TABLE Customers
    ADD Email varchar(255);
    Customers
    First Name Address Email

     ALTER TABLE - DROP COLUMN


    Syntax
    ALTER TABLE table_name
    DROP COLUMN column_name;
    Query:
    ALTER TABLE Customers
    DROP COLUMN Email;
    Customers

    SQL INSERT INTO Statement


    Syntax:
    INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, ...)
    VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...)
    Query:
    INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City, PostalCode, Country)
    VALUES ('Cardinal', 'Tom B. Erichsen', 'Skagen 21', 'Stavanger', '4006', 'Norway');
    SQL UPDATE Statement
    Syntax
    UPDATE table_name
    SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...
    WHERE condition;

    Query:
    UPDATE Customers
    SET ContactName = 'Alfred Schmidt', City= 'Frankfurt'
    WHERE CustomerID = 1;

    SQL SELECT Statements:


    If you want to select all the fields available in the table, use the following syntax:
    Syntax
    SELECT * FROM table_name;
    Example:
    SELECT * FROM Customers;
    SELECT SPECIFIC:
    Syntax:
    SELECT column1, column2, ...
    FROM table_name;
    Query:
    SELECT CustomerName, City FROM Customers;

    The SQL SELECT DISTINCT Statement


    The SELECT DISTINCT statement is used to return only distinct (different) values.
    Syntax
    SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2, ...
    FROM table_name;
    Query:
    SELECT DISTINCT Country FROM Customers;

    SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Country) FROM Customers;

    SELECT Count(*) AS DistinctCountries


    FROM (SELECT DISTINCT Country FROM Customers);
    SQL WHERE Clause

    The WHERE clause is used to filter records.

    Syntax
    SELECT column1, column2, ...
    FROM table_name
    WHERE condition;
    The WHERE clause is not only used in SELECT statement, it is also used in UPDATE,
    DELETE statement, etc.!
    Query:
    SELECT * FROM Customers
    WHERE Country='Mexico';

    SQL requires single quotes around text values (most database systems will also allow double
    quotes).

    However, numeric fields should not be enclosed in quotes:

    SELECT * FROM Customers


    WHERE CustomerID=1;
    The SQL AND, OR and NOT Operators

    The WHERE clause can be combined with AND, OR, and NOT operators.

    The AND and OR operators are used to filter records based on more than one condition:

     The AND operator displays a record if all the conditions separated by AND are TRUE.
     The OR operator displays a record if any of the conditions separated by OR is TRUE.

    The NOT operator displays a record if the condition(s) is NOT TRUE.

    AND Syntax
    SELECT column1, column2, ...
    FROM table_name
    WHERE condition1 AND condition2 AND condition3 ...;
    Query:
    SELECT * FROM Customers
    WHERE Country='Germany' AND City='Berlin';

    OR Syntax
    SELECT column1, column2, ...
    FROM table_name
    WHERE condition1 OR condition2 OR condition3 ...;
    Query:
    SELECT * FROM Customers
    WHERE City='Berlin' OR City='München';
    NOT Syntax
    SELECT column1, column2, ...
    FROM table_name
    WHERE NOT condition;
    Query:
    SELECT * FROM Customers
    WHERE NOT Country='Germany';

    Combining AND, OR and NOT

    You can also combine the AND, OR and NOT operators.

    Query:

    SELECT * FROM Customers


    WHERE Country='Germany' AND (City='Berlin' OR City='München');

    Query:
    SELECT * FROM Customers
    WHERE NOT Country='Germany' AND NOT Country='USA';

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