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    Ece468 4 PDF

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    This document outlines histogram equalization and specification techniques for digital image processing. It discusses how histogram equalization increases local contrast by spreading out the intensity histogram of an image, and how histogram specification allows matching the histogram of an input image to a specified histogram to produce the output image. It provides examples comparing input and output images and histograms before and after each process. Key steps involve transforming the cumulative density functions to satisfy the condition of preserving total image content while producing an equalized or specified output histogram. MATLAB commands for implementing these techniques are also presented.

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    Ece468 4 PDF

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    Basavaraj
    79 views24 pages
    This document outlines histogram equalization and specification techniques for digital image processing. It discusses how histogram equalization increases local contrast by spreading out the intensity histogram of an image, and how histogram specification allows matching the histogram of an input image to a specified histogram to produce the output image. It provides examples comparing input and output images and histograms before and after each process. Key steps involve transforming the cumulative density functions to satisfy the condition of preserving total image content while producing an equalized or specified output histogram. MATLAB commands for implementing these techniques are also presented.

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    This document outlines histogram equalization and specification techniques for digital image processing. It discusses how histogram equalization increases local contrast by spreading out the intensity histogram of an image, and how histogram specification allows matching the histogram of an input image to a specified histogram to produce the output image. It provides examples comparing input and output images and histograms before and after each process. Key steps involve transforming the cumulative density functions to satisfy the condition of preserving total image content while producing an equalized or specified output histogram. MATLAB commands for implementing these techniques are also presented.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    79 views24 pages

    Ece468 4 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Basavaraj
    This document outlines histogram equalization and specification techniques for digital image processing. It discusses how histogram equalization increases local contrast by spreading out the intensity histogram of an image, and how histogram specification allows matching the histogram of an input image to a specified histogram to produce the output image. It provides examples comparing input and output images and histograms before and after each process. Key steps involve transforming the cumulative density functions to satisfy the condition of preserving total image content while producing an equalized or specified output histogram. MATLAB commands for implementing these techniques are also presented.

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    ECE 468 / CS 519:

    Digital Image Processing

    Histogram Equalization & Specification

    Prof. Sinisa Todorovic

    sinisa@eecs.oregonstate.edu
    Outline

    • Histogram equalization (Textbook: 3.3.1);

    • Histogram specification (Textbook: 3.3.2);


    Histogram of Intensity Values

    x axis: intensity values

    y axis: frequency
    Histogram Equalization

    input output

    • Increases local contrast by spreading out


    the intensity histogram

    • Produces artifacts
    Histogram Equalization

    input output

    number of pixels
    within bin i
    ni
    h(ri  r < ri+1 ) =
    n
    total number
    bin i of pixels
    intensity-level histogram (red)
    cumulative histogram (black)
    Histogram Equalization

    input output

    input output
    intensity intensity

    unequalized histogram flat histogram


    of intensities of intensities
    Transforming Density Functions

    output pixel input pixel

    Key condition so as to keep the image content intact:


    Transforming Density Functions

    output pixel input pixel

    Key condition so as to keep the image content intact:


    Transforming Density Functions

    output pixel input pixel

    Key condition so as to keep the image content intact:


    Transforming Density Functions

    output pixel input pixel

    Key condition so as to keep the image content intact:


    Transforming Density Functions

    output pixel input pixel

    Key condition so as to keep the image content intact:

    =1
    Transforming Density Functions

    output pixel input pixel

    Key condition so as to keep the image content intact:


    Transforming Density Functions

    output pixel input pixel

    Key condition so as to keep the image content intact:

    for pixel values in [0,255]


    Histogram Equalization

    input output

    histogram
    Histogram Equalization

    input output

    intensity-level histogram (red); cumulative histogram (black)


    Example: Histogram Equalization
    input output output
    Example: Histogram Specification

    Histogram of Pixel Intensities

    input image
    Example: Histogram Specification

    Histogram Equalization

    s = T (r)

    output
    Example: Histogram Specification

    specified
    histogram

    estimated
    transform T(r) output

    output
    histogram
    Histogram Specification

    Solving two equalization problems:

    equalize input r to z equalize output s to z’


    Histogram Specification

    Solving two equalization problems:

    equalize input r to z equalize output s to z’

    it must be that:
    Histogram Specification

    Solving two equalization problems:

    equalize input r to z equalize output s to z’


    MATLAB

    •g = imadjust(f,[low_in; high_in],[low_out; high_out],gamma)

    • If high_out < low_out, the output is a photographic negative.

    •h = imhist(f, num_bins);% histogram

    •p = imhist(f, num_bins)/numel(f);% normalized histogram

    •g = histeq(f, hspec), or g = histeq(f,256)

    • hspec - counts of equally spaced intensity values in [0,255]


    Next Class

    • Spatial convolution and correlation (Textbook: 3.4.2);

    • Smoothing and sharpening spatial filters (Textbook: 3.5)

    • Matlab tutorial

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