Huawei VDSL

VDSL2 Access
Special Topic
Issue 02
Date 2015-09-21
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2015. All rights reserved.
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Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
VDSL2 Access
Special Topic About This Document
About This Document
Overview
This document describes VDSL2 feature principles and configuration and maintenance guide
for Huawei access products where VDSL2 can be applied, providing a reference for network
design, network entry tests, and network maintenance.
Involved Products and Versions
NOTICE
l This document does not provide feature specifications for specified product versions. If such
information is required, see the Feature Guide.
l For the products and versions supporting VDSL2, VDSL2 principles, configuration logic,
and maintenance and diagnosis methods are basically the same. The only difference lies in
sub-features and configuration commands/parameters. This document uses the MA5600T/
MA5603T/MA5608T V800R016C00 as an example to describe these differences. For details
about a specified product version, see the Product Documentation of the desired version.
The following table lists the products where this document can be applied to.
Product Version
All products supporting All versions

VDSL2, such as MA5600T/
MA5603T/MA5608T,
MA5616, and MA5611S
Symbol Conventions
The following symbols may be found in this document. They are defined as follows.
Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

VDSL2 Access
Special Topic About This Document
Symbol Description
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not

avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
DANGER
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
WARNING

avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.

avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss,
performance deterioration, or unanticipated results.
NOTICE is used to address practices not related to personal
injury.
NOTE Calls attention to important information, best practices and

tips.
NOTE is used to address information not related to personal
injury, equipment damage, and environment deterioration.
Change History
Issue Release Date Change Description
02 2015-09-21 l Added: SOS feature.

l Modified: configuration commands
according to the version update of
MA5600T/MA5603T/MA5608T
V800R016C00.
01 2014-11-05 This is the first release.
Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

VDSL2 Access
Special Topic Contents
Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii

1 Overview of Mainstream Copper Line Technologies............................................................1
2 VDSL2 Access Introduction........................................................................................................3
3 Basic VDSL2 Technologies..........................................................................................................5
3.1 Overview of VDSL2 Spectrum Planning.......................................................................................................................7
3.2 Annex Types and US/DS Frequency Band Planning.....................................................................................................7
3.3 Command Parameters for US/DS Frequency Bands......................................................................................................9
3.4 Annex Types and Power Spectrum Planning...............................................................................................................12
3.5 Spectrum Parameter Profiles........................................................................................................................................12
3.6 PSD Profiles.................................................................................................................................................................15
3.7 Limit PSD Mask...........................................................................................................................................................16
3.8 Command Parameters for Limit PSD Masks...............................................................................................................20
3.9 MIB PSD Mask............................................................................................................................................................23
4 Key VDSL2 Techniques.............................................................................................................24

4.1 Overview of Key VDSL2 Techniques..........................................................................................................................25
4.2 Key Techniques for Improving Line Protection...........................................................................................................25
4.2.1 Interleaving FEC........................................................................................................................................................25
4.2.2 Configurable INP Parameters....................................................................................................................................28
4.2.3 Physical Layer Retransmission (G.INP)....................................................................................................................31
4.2.4 Configurable Noise Margin.......................................................................................................................................33
4.2.5 Bit Swapping.............................................................................................................................................................35
4.2.6 SRA...........................................................................................................................................................................36
4.2.7 SOS............................................................................................................................................................................39
4.2.8 Tone Blackout............................................................................................................................................................41
4.2.9 Virtual Noise..............................................................................................................................................................42
4.3 Techniques for Reducing Interference..........................................................................................................................43
4.3.1 MIB-controlled PSD Mask........................................................................................................................................43
4.3.2 DPBO.........................................................................................................................................................................44
4.3.3 UPBO.........................................................................................................................................................................45
4.3.4 RFI Notching.............................................................................................................................................................51
4.4 VDSL2 PTM Bonding..................................................................................................................................................52
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VDSL2 Access
Special Topic Contents
5 VDSL2 Deployment and Maintenance...................................................................................54

5.1 VDSL2 Network Applications.....................................................................................................................................55
5.2 VDSL2 Engineering Precautions..................................................................................................................................56
5.3 Brief Introduction to VDSL2 Configurations and Applications..................................................................................57
5.4 Configuring VDSL2 Access.........................................................................................................................................61
5.4.1 Overview of Configuring VDSL2 Templates and Profiles.......................................................................................61
5.4.2 Configuring a VDSL2 Alarm Template....................................................................................................................61
5.4.3 Configuring a VDSL2 Line Parameter Profile..........................................................................................................63
5.4.4 Configuring VDSL2 Line Bonding...........................................................................................................................79
5.4.5 Configuring VDSL2 User Ports................................................................................................................................81
5.4.6 Configuring A/V Adaptation for VDSL2 Lines........................................................................................................81
5.5 VDSL2 Maintenance and Fault Diagnosis...................................................................................................................85
5.5.1 Common VDSL2 Line Faults and Troubleshooting Methods...................................................................................86
5.5.2 Loopback on a VDSL2 Port......................................................................................................................................88
6 VDSL2 Reference Standards and Protocols...........................................................................91

A Appendix 1: Introduction to the VDSL2 Coding/Decoding Technologies.....................92
B Appendix 2: VDSL2 Feature Glance.......................................................................................94
C Appendix 3: Copper Line Technology Brochure and Poster..............................................96
Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential v

VDSL2 Access
Special Topic 1 Overview of Mainstream Copper Line Technologies
1 Overview of Mainstream Copper Line

Technologies
VDSL2 and G.fast are mainstream copper line technologies. What are the positions of them in
the copper line technology family? What are the highlights of VDSL2 and G.fast compared with
other mainstream copper line technologies? Find the answers to these questions in this section.
The future broadband requirement is continuously increasing. Continuous technological

innovation on copper lines (as shown in Figure 1-1) enables copper lines to meet the requirement
of ultra-broadband network construction.
Figure 1-1 Copper line technology development
In network deployment, copper line access technologies include ADSL2+, VDSL2 (supporting
vectoring to cancel inter-line crosstalk), and G.fast (supporting vectoring to cancel inter-line
crosstalk), as shown in Table 1-1.
Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

VDSL2 Access
Special Topic 1 Overview of Mainstream Copper Line Technologies
Table 1-1 Mainstream copper line technologies
Technology Description Parameter
ADSL is a technology for transmitting l Typical rate: 128 kbit/s to

high-speed private line services over 24 Mbit/s
common twisted pairs in asymmetric l Typical reach: longer than 1
mode. km
ADSL2+ is an extension of ADSL and l Typical usage scenario:
supports a maximum downstream rate of DSLAM/FTTC
24 Mbit/s, a maximum upstream rate of
2.5 Mbit/s, and a maximum transmission
distance of 6.5 km.
VDSL2 is an extension of VDSL1. l Typical rate: 30 Mbit/s to 50

VDSL2 is compatible with ADSL, Mbit/s (Rates can be
ADSL2, and ADSL2+, but is not improved to 50 Mbit/s to
compatible with the less-common 100 Mbit/s after vectoring is
VDSL1. enabled)
l Typical reach: shorter than
1 km
l Typical usage scenario:
FTTB/FTTC
NOTE
Vectoring is a technology that
uses vectoring algorithms to
cancel crosstalk for multi-pair
VDSL2 lines, thereby improving
VDSL2 and G.fast line
bandwidths.
G.fast is a new high-bandwidth access l Typical rate: 500 Mbit/s to

technology applies to copper lines. It 1 Gbit/s (with vectoring
uses wider spectra than those used by enabled)
ADSL/ADSL2+ and VDSL2 based on l Typical reach: shorter than
existing last-mile copper lines, helping 250 m
carriers to rapidly deploy ultra-
broadband networks by reusing existing l Typical usage scenario:
infrastructure. FTTB/FTTD

VDSL2 Access
Special Topic 2 VDSL2 Access Introduction
2 VDSL2 Access Introduction
VDSL2 is based on ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2 and is an extension to VDSL1, which is

based on ITU-T Recommendation G.993.1. VDSL2 is designed to be compatible with ADSL,
ADSL2, and ADSL2+, but not the less-common VDSL1. VDSL2 features the following
highlights:
The following are three prime drivers for VDSL2:
l Emergence of new broadband services: New broadband services, such as HDTV, require
a higher access rate.
l Broadband network evolution facts: Copper-based access networks cannot evolve to full-
fledged optical networks within a short time.
l Improvements in digital subscriber line (DSL) technology: DSL technologies have been
advancing towards higher access quality, better user satisfaction, normalization among the
DSL standards, and lower operating expenditure (OPEX).
VDSL2 features the following highlights:
l Higher access rate over short distances: VDSL2 stretches the spectrum range to 30 MHz
and provides a symmetric 100 Mbit/s for upstream/downstream within 300 m, addressing
the requirements for bandwidth-intensive services such as HDTV. VDSL2 typically applies
to the "last mile" access of DSLAMs, especially for FTTB/FTTC access solutions.
l Higher transmission rate over longer distances: Compared with VDSL1, VDSL2 extends
the spectrum and improves the transmit power spectrum density (PSD) to provide a higher
transmission rate over longer distances.
l Compatibility with ADSL, ADSL2, and ADSL2+ terminals: VDSL2 supports packet
transfer mode (PTM) 64/65-byte encapsulation based on IEEE 802.3ah, and asynchronous
transfer mode (ATM) encapsulation used by ADSL, ADSL2, and ADSL2+. Therefore,
VDSL2 is compatible with ADSL, ADSL2, and ADSL2+ terminals.
l Enhanced operation and maintenance (O&M) capabilities: VDSL2 supports line diagnosis
and the acquisition of essential line parameters by dedicated line test procedures.
Figure 2-1 shows a comparison between VDSL2 and ADSL/ADSL2/ADSL2+/VDSL1 in terms

of downstream rate and reach. Note that some DSL performance parameters, such as line
activation rate, are associated with the electrical attributes of twisted pairs. Specifically, the
smaller core diameter of a twisted pair means larger line attenuation. The following figure uses
the common 26AWG twisted pair (core diameter: 0.4 mm) as an example.

VDSL2 Access
Special Topic 2 VDSL2 Access Introduction
Figure 2-1 Comparison between VDSL2 and ADSL/ADSL2/ADSL2+/VDSL1 in terms of

downstream rate and reach
The preceding figure shows that:
l VDSL2 provides a remarkably higher downstream rate than ADSL/ADSL2/ADSL2+/

VDSL1 within a 0.3 km reach. VDSL2, however, provides the theoretical 100 Mbit/s
downstream rate only when the reach is within 0.25 km.
l VDSL2 provides the same downstream rate as VDSL1 and ADSL2+ at a 1.2 km reach.
l VDSL2 produces the same rate curve as ADSL2+ at a reach over 1.2 km.

VDSL2 Access
Special Topic 3 Basic VDSL2 Technologies
3 Basic VDSL2 Technologies
About This Chapter
3.1 Overview of VDSL2 Spectrum Planning

The factors affecting DSL loops may vary depending on network conditions, and it is difficult
to address the application requirements of different scenarios using a single mechanism. To
account for this, the spectrum plan is split into two parts: the upstream/downstream band and
power spectrum plan (based on Annex type and PSD profile, respectively), and the spectrum
parameter plan (based on the spectrum parameter profile). A flexible combination of the two
plans produces different spectrum profiles to meet diverse application requirements. Select a
proper Annex type, spectrum parameter profile, and PSD profile to configure a spectrum profile.
3.2 Annex Types and US/DS Frequency Band Planning
Most DSL standards provide a generic definition in the body, and then a description about
specific schemes in the Annex. The schemes specify how to use the low frequency band in typical
application scenarios. The schemes also specify how to plan the upstream/downstream band
(apart from the low frequency band) for data transmission and how to plan the power spectrum.
3.3 Command Parameters for US/DS Frequency Bands
This section describes Annex types and command parameters planned for upstream and
downstream frequency bands.
3.4 Annex Types and Power Spectrum Planning
The upstream/downstream band plan is closely related to the power spectrum plan, which is
critical to performance control and reliability assurance for DSL lines.
3.5 Spectrum Parameter Profiles
ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2 defines eight spectrum parameter profiles: 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 12a,
12b, 17a, and 30a, which specify different spectrum parameters. Spectrum parameter profiles
are used with Annex types defined in ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2. Spectrum parameter
values vary with the Annex types.
3.6 PSD Profiles
The power spectrum plan is a PSD profile that defines the PSD masks for upstream or
3.7 Limit PSD Mask

VDSL2 Access
The limit power spectrum density (PSD) mask is defined in each Annex and is named
LIMITMASK in the standard.
3.8 Command Parameters for Limit PSD Masks

This section describes command parameters limit PSD masks.
3.9 MIB PSD Mask

ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2 defines management information base (MIB)-controlled
power spectrum density (PSD) masks for flexible control over PSD.

VDSL2 Access
3.1 Overview of VDSL2 Spectrum Planning

The factors affecting DSL loops may vary depending on network conditions, and it is difficult
to address the application requirements of different scenarios using a single mechanism. To
account for this, the spectrum plan is split into two parts: the upstream/downstream band and
power spectrum plan (based on Annex type and PSD profile, respectively), and the spectrum
parameter plan (based on the spectrum parameter profile). A flexible combination of the two
plans produces different spectrum profiles to meet diverse application requirements. Select a
proper Annex type, spectrum parameter profile, and PSD profile to configure a spectrum profile.
Figure 3-1 shows overall VDSL2 spectrum planning.
Figure 3-1 Overall VDSL2 spectrum planning
NOTE
Knowledge about the G.992.3, G.992.5, G.993.2, G.997.1, and TR165 standards helps you better
understand the spectrum plan described in this section.
3.2 Annex Types and US/DS Frequency Band Planning

Most DSL standards provide a generic definition in the body, and then a description about
specific schemes in the Annex. The schemes specify how to use the low frequency band in typical
application scenarios. The schemes also specify how to plan the upstream/downstream band
(apart from the low frequency band) for data transmission and how to plan the power spectrum.
Users can select a proper Annex type by running commands. When an Annex type is selected,
the upstream/downstream band plan and power spectrum plan are determined.
NOTE
The power spectrum plan is critical for controlling the performance and reliability of DSL lines. VDSL2
provides flexible power spectrum control mechanisms. The concepts and features related to the power
spectrum plan are described in PSD Profiles. As an Annex type includes a power spectrum plan, this section
will also include information about power spectrum. It is recommended that you also read PSD Profile to
better understand the VDSL2 feature.

VDSL2 Access
Annex Types and Upstream/Downstream Band Plans

An Annex type defines the scheme for using the low frequency band (the frequency band before
f0L as shown in Figure 3-2, used for carrying POTS or ISDN data) and the scheme for planning
the upstream/downstream band (apart from the low frequency band) for data transmission. The
upstream/downstream band plan specifies the spectral segments for upstream/downstream
transmission, and the start and stop frequencies in each segment.
The spectral segment used for upstream transmission is called upstream sub-band (US), such as
US0 and US1 in Figure 3-2; the spectral segment used for downstream transmission is called
downstream sub-band (DS), such as DS1 and DS2 in Figure 3-2. The total number of USs and
DSs in the entire band is the total number of bands specified in the spectrum profile. For example,
"5 Band" indicates that the entire band is divided into five sub-bands.
For ADSL/ADSL2/ADSL2+, the entire available spectrum is divided into one US and one DS,
as shown in Figure 3-2. This figure also shows mapping between US0 for VDSL2 and US for
ADSL2+. The mapping is also described in Limit PSD mask.
Figure 3-2 ADSL2+/VDSL2 upstream/downstream band plan
Among the upstream sub-bands, US0 is optional (as shown in Figure 3-2) and an Annex type
defines the frequency range of US0 (start frequency f0L; stop frequency f0H) and usage of US0.
A Huawei access device also provides commands for enabling and disabling US0 and specifying
a PSD mask.

VDSL2 Access
For long-distance access, the upstream high frequency band is fully exploited, so the low
frequency band becomes a valuable resource. Enabling US0 in this case will extend the DSL
coverage and improve upstream line performance. VDSL2 can be activated beyond 1.4 km only
when US0 is enabled. Usually, you are recommended to enable US0 beyond 800 m.
3.3 Command Parameters for US/DS Frequency Bands

This section describes Annex types and command parameters planned for upstream and
Basic Parameters
Different DSL standards define different numbers of Annex types, some of which may even be
empty. Annex types sharing the same name may contain different contents. For example, Annex
A defined in ITU-T Recommendation G.992.5 differs from Annex A defined in ITU-T
Recommendation G.993.2. An Annex type not designated with the standard number is
meaningless.
When configuring spectrum profiles using commands, you can specify only a standard (that is,
the standard used to establish a DSL link between the access device and its interconnected
modem); in this case, all the Annex types included in the standard are selected. Or, you can
specify a standard and select some Annex types under this standard using the Custom parameter.
When the latter method is used, the selectable Annex types and the standard are displayed on
the CLI. The selected standard and Annex types determine the Transmission Mode for the DSL
line.
l 1-T1.413
l 2-G.992.1 (Annex A/B/C)
l 3-G.992.2 (Annex A/C)
l 4-G.992.3 (Annex A/B/I/J/L/M)
l 5-G.992.4 (Annex A/I)
l 6-G.992.5 (Annex A/B/I/J/M)
l 7-G.993.2 (Annex A/B/C)
l 8-ETSI
NOTE
VDSL2 line parameters can be used in different combinations based on profiles. The configuration modes
can be classified as TR129 (also called the common mode), TI, and TR165. For a Huawei access device,
the default configuration mode is TR129. Carriers can switch between the configuration modes by running
the switch vdsl mode to command. Considering the current development trend, it is recommended that
you use TR165, which is more flexible than the others. The command parameters included in the following
VDSL2-related topics are specific to the TR165 mode.
Table 3-1 lists the common xDSL standards and Annex types defined in each standard.

VDSL2 Access
Table 3-1 Standards and Annex types
Category Standard Annex Type Remarks
ADSL series G.992.1 Annex A The following describes the Annex types of ADSL
standards Annex B series standards.
Annex C l Annex A is also called ADSL over POTS; the low

frequency band carries voice services.
G.992.2 Annex A l Annex B is also called ADSL over ISDN; the low
Annex C frequency band carries ISDN services.
G.992.3 Annex A l Annex C is not supported by the Huawei access
device.
Annex B
l Annexes I and J are "all-digital" mode. Only data
Annex I
services are carried but low-frequency services are
Annex J not. Annex I has the same band plan as Annex A,
Annex L and Annex J has the same band plan as Annex B.
Annex I applies when the adjacent pair of a DSL
Annex M
line carries POTS services; Annex J applies when
G.992.4 Annex A the adjacent pair of a DSL line carries ISDN
services. Annex I is not supported by the Huawei
Annex I
access device.
G.992.5 Annex A l Annex L is also called the reach extended ADSL2
Annex B (READSL2). Annex L uses fewer upstream/
Annex I downstream bands but has a higher transmit power
than Annex A. Higher transmit power helps extend
Annex J the reach but also increases interference between
Annex M lines. This characteristic restricts the use of Annex
L.
l Annex M extends the upstream band of Annex A
and applies when high upstream rate is required.
Practically, Annex types are selected based on the use
of the low-frequency band planned for a DSL network.
For example, voice services are widely used in North
America and China, so Annex A is selected. This
attribute makes Annex types region-specific.
T1.413 - -
ETSI - -
VDSL2 G.993.2 Annex A 1. The Annex types differ from those with the same
standards Annex B names defined in the ADSL series standards.
Annex C 2. G.993.2 Annex A specifies the band plan for North

America, G.993.2 Annex B for Europe, and G.
993.2 Annex C for Japan. This is why G.993.2
Annexes are also called "band plan for region".
However, these Annex types are not restricted only
to the listed regions; they differ mainly in that they
define different upstream/downstream bands and
power spectra.

VDSL2 Access
On the CLI interface, the above-listed ADSL series standards are classified to ease configuration,
as shown in the following figure.
Figure 3-3 Classification of ADSL series standards
In the figure above, "G.dmt" refers to the standards using discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation
technology; "G.lite" refers to the standards using half of the available spectrum; "Full rate" refers
to the standard using the entire available spectrum; "G.hs" refers to the standards using G.994.1
for handshaking; "All" refers to all standards. According to this categorization, G.993.2 belongs
to G.dmt, Full rate, G.hs, and All in command configuration.
You can select multiple standards and Annex types during configuration. The access device and
its interconnected modem will negotiate to determine the optimal transmission mode for
activating the line.
Advanced Parameters
After Annex types are specified, the Huawei access device configures a default frequency band
planning mode, displayed by parameter defmode in the following terminal display, for each
Annex type. Parameter defmode indicates all, including all frequency band planning modes.
This parameter can only be modified.
In addition to parameter defmode, you can add a desired frequency band planning mode. To
add a frequency band planning mode, do as follows:
1. Select Y when the system displays the message "Will you set mode-specific parameters?"
2. Press 1 and select the frequency band planning parameters to be added in the terminal
display.
Optional frequency band planning modes comply with G.997.1 and support the parameters in
the following terminal display.
> Will you set mode-specific parameters? (y/n) [n]:y
> Current configured modes:
> 1-defmode

VDSL2 Access
> Please select 1-Add 2-Modify 3-Save and quit [3]:1
> 2-ansit1413 3-etsi

> 4-g9921PotsNonOverlapped 5-g9921PotsOverlapped
> 6-g9921IsdnNonOverlapped 7-g9921IsdnOverlapped
> 8-g9921tcmIsdnNonOverlapped 9-g9921tcmIsdnOverlapped
> 10-g9922PotsNonOverlapped 11-g9922PotsOverlapped
> 12-g9922tcmIsdnNonOverlapped 13-g9922tcmIsdnOverlapped
> 14-g9921tcmIsdnSymmetric 15-g9923PotsNonOverlapped
> 16-g9923PotsOverlapped 17-g9923IsdnNonOverlapped
> 18-g9923IsdnOverlapped 19-g9924PotsNonOverlapped
> 20-g9924PotsOverlapped 21-g9923AnnexIAllDigNonOverlapped
> 22-g9923AnnexIAllDigOverlapped 23-g9923AnnexJAllDigNonOverlapped
> 24-g9923AnnexJAllDigOverlapped 25-g9924AnnexIAllDigNonOverlapped
> 26-g9924AnnexIAllDigOverlapped 27-g9923AnnexLMode1NonOverlapped
> 28-g9923AnnexLMode2NonOverlapped 29-g9923AnnexLMode3Overlapped
> 30-g9923AnnexLMode4Overlapped 31-g9923AnnexMPotsNonOverlapped
> 32-g9923AnnexMPotsOverlapped 33-g9925PotsNonOverlapped
> 34-g9925PotsOverlapped 35-g9925IsdnNonOverlapped
> 36-g9925IsdnOverlapped 37-g9925AnnexIAllDigNonOverlapped
> 38-g9925AnnexIAllDigOverlapped 39-g9925AnnexJAllDigNonOverlapped
> 40-g9925AnnexJAllDigOverlapped 41-g9925AnnexMPotsNonOverlapped
> 42-g9925AnnexMPotsOverlapped 43-g9932AnnexAPots
> 44-g9932AnnexAIsdn 45-g9932AnnexBPots
> 46-g9932AnnexBIsdn 47-g9932AnnexCPots
> 48-g9932AnnexCIsdn
> Please select [2]:
NOTE
l The preceding terminal display is only an example. Use the terminal display on the CLI of the Huawei
access device.
l Dozens of parameters are involved because an Annex type may define multiple frequency band
planning modes. For example, G.993.2 Annex B defines two frequency band planning modes, Plan
997 and Plan 998, as shown in Figure 3-2. After G.993.2 is amended, Annex B supports the following
frequency band planning modes more: 997E17, 997E30, 998E17, 998E30, 998ADE17, 998ADE30,
HPE17, and HPE30.
3.4 Annex Types and Power Spectrum Planning

The upstream/downstream band plan is closely related to the power spectrum plan, which is
critical to performance control and reliability assurance for DSL lines.
Each Annex in the ADSL series standards and VDSL2 standard defines the upstream/
downstream band plan and provides suggestions on the power spectrum plan.
Power spectrum plans are referred to as PSD profiles. For details on related concepts and features,
see PSD Profiles.
3.5 Spectrum Parameter Profiles

ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2 defines eight spectrum parameter profiles: 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 12a,
12b, 17a, and 30a, which specify different spectrum parameters. Spectrum parameter profiles
are used with Annex types defined in ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2. Spectrum parameter
values vary with the Annex types.
Definition
Spectrum parameter profiles are exclusive to VDSL2 and they are defined in ITU-T
Recommendation G.993.2. ADSL series standards do not support spectrum parameter profiles.

VDSL2 Access
Spectrum parameter profiles are referred to as "profiles" in ITU-T G.993.2, and as "G.993.2
profiles" or "VDSL2 profiles" on the access device.
Table 3-2 lists the key parameters in the eight spectrum parameter profiles specific to "Annex
B (998E)". For detailed meanings of each parameter, see "Profiles" in ITU-T Recommendation
G.993.2.
Table 3-2 Key parameters in spectrum parameter profiles
Profile 8a 8b 8c 8d 12a 12b 17a 30a
Bandwidth 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 12 12 17.664 30

(MHz)
Tones 1972 1972 1972 1972 2783 2783 4096 3479
Tone 4.312 4.3125 4.3125 4.3125 4.3125 4.3125 4.3125 8.625

spacing 5
(kHz)
Maximum +17.5 +20.5 +11.5 +14.5 +14.5 +14.5 +14.5 +14.5

aggregate
downstrea
m transmit
power
(dBm)
Maximum +14.5 +14.5 +14.5 +14.5 +14.5 +14.5 +14.5 +14.5

aggregate
upstream
transmit
power
(dBm)
Support of Requi Required Require Requir Requir Regio Regio Not

upstream red d ed ed nal nal Suppo
band zero annex annex rted
(US0) depen depen
dent dent
The following describes meanings of each parameter in Table 3-2.
l "Bandwidth" indicates the maximum stop frequency in the power spectrum used by the
profile. The numbers in profile names indicate the parameter values of "bandwidth". For
example, 12a and 12b indicate the maximum stop frequency of 12 MHz.
l The letters in profile names distinguish the "maximum aggregate downstream transmit
power" attribute. For example, 8b indicates the maximum aggregate downstream transmit
power of +20.5 dBm and 8c indicates +11.5 dBm. The maximum aggregate upstream
transmit power of the eight profiles is the same (+14.5 dBm).
l As shown in Figure 3-4, VDSL2 uses the discrete multi-tone (DMT) technology, which
divides the entire spectrum band into n tones (also called sub-carriers). In Table 3-2, "tones"

VDSL2 Access
indicates the number of tones in the entire spectrum band and "tone spacing" indicates the
width of each tone.
Figure 3-4 VDSL2 tone division (for a band with f0L of 138 kHz)
l Support of upstream band zero (US0) indicates whether the profile applies to the US0
band. Specifically, Required means that the profile applies to the US0 band, Regional
annex dependent means that the profile may apply to the US0 band, depending on the
region, and Not Supported means that the profile does not apply to the US0 band.
Applications
l The 8a and 8b profiles define high downstream transmit power and they typically apply to
long-distance (800 m to 1000 m) VDSL2 application. The 8b profile defines a downstream
transmit power of 20.5 dBm, which is the same as that defined for ADSL2+.
l Among the eight profiles, the 8c profile defines the lowest downstream transmit power
(11.5 dBm) and it typically applies to VDSL2 in remote-end outdoor cabinets (distance
range < 300 m; high access rate not required).
l The 8d and 12a/12b profiles define medium downstream transmit power and they typically
apply to medium-distance (300 m to 800 m) VDSL2 application.
l The 17a and 30a profiles define a high stop frequency and, because of the high line
attenuation, they typically apply to short-distance (< 300 m; high access rate required)
VDSL2 application. The use of the 30a profile is restricted. This is because the 30a profile
achieves the expected rate only in lab environment or when the line is short (< 150 m) and
in good conditions. The 17a profile is hence more widely used.
This section provides only suggestions on applications of VDSL2 profiles and the user must
select an appropriate profile depending on network conditions. Table 3-3 lists typical

VDSL2 Access
configurations for some commonly used profiles (with 26AWG twisted pairs of a 0.4 mm core
diameter).
Table 3-3 Typical configurations for some commonly used profiles (with 26AWG twisted pairs
of a 0.4 mm core diameter)
VDSL2 Profile Activation Maximum Maximum US0

Distance Upstream Downstream Enabled or
Activation Rate Activation Not
Rate
17a <300 m 15 Mbit/s 50 Mbit/s Yes
12a 300 m to 500 10 Mbit/s 40 Mbit/s Yes

m
8b and 12a 500 m to 800 5 Mbit/s 25 Mbit/s Yes

m
8b 800 m to 2 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s Yes

1000 m
3.6 PSD Profiles

The power spectrum plan is a PSD profile that defines the PSD masks for upstream or
In this document, PSD profiles include not only TR165-specified mode-specific PSD profiles
but also PSD contents specified in line spectrum profiles. Mode-specific PSD profiles are
specified using "Please select the mode specific PSD profile index" of the xdsl line-spectrum-
profile add command output.
The following two concepts are important for PSD profiles:
1. PSD refers to the differential coefficient of the transmit power at the frequency point and
reflects the power intensity (expressed in dBm or Hz) at each frequency point. Users can
derive the transmit power used in a spectrum band by performing integral calculation for
PSD at each frequency point in the band. Controlling the PSD of a VDSL2 line protects
the line against external noise and reduces the interference output of the line.
2. PSD mask is a fold line that links the maximum PSD at each frequency point. The system
specifies PSD values for a series of breakpoints on a spectrum band and outlines the PSD
mask of the spectrum band through an interpolation algorithm.
ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2 defines two types of PSD masks: limit PSD mask and
management information base (MIB) PSD mask. Figure 3-5 shows the relationship between the
two types of PSD masks. Both PSD masks can be configured by commands. The smaller PSD
mask at each frequency point prevails.

VDSL2 Access
Figure 3-5 Relationship between limit PSD mask and MIB PSD mask
NOTE
In Figure 3-5, the form of the limit PSD mask indicates that the MIB PSD mask should always be below
the limit PSD mask (if the MIB PSD mask is above the limit PSD mask, the system chooses the smaller
one as the PSD mask). The turns at the PSD mask in actual application cannot form a right angle, because
the slope for each turn is restricted.
3.7 Limit PSD Mask

The limit power spectrum density (PSD) mask is defined in each Annex and is named
LIMITMASK in the standard.
"Limit" indicates the highest PSD mask in a specified upstream/downstream band plan. The
management information base (MIB) PSD mask must be lower than the limit PSD mask.
Limit PSD masks in upstream/downstream band plans vary with the Annex types. Table 3-4,
Table 3-5, and Table 3-6 list the selectable limit PSD masks for Plan 998 (and its extensions)
defined in ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2 Annex B.
NOTE
Since ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2 is continuously updated, Table 3-4, Table 3-5, and Table 3-6 may
not be up to date and they are intended only as an explanation of the basic concepts of limit PSD masks.

VDSL2 Access
Table 3-4 European limit PSD mask options for band plan 998 (and its extensions)
Frequency
Limit PSD Mask US0 Type Highest Used

Short Name Upstream or
(Long Name) A/B/M
Downstream
(see NOTE) Frequency (kHz)
B8-1 998-M1x-A A 12000
B8-2 998-M1x-B B 12000
B8-3 998-M1x-NUS0 N/A 12000
B8-4 998-M2x-A A 12000
B8-5 998-M2x-M M 12000
... ... ... ...
B8-8 998E17-M2x-NUS0 N/A 17664
... ... ... ...
B8-11 998ADE17-M2x-A A 17664
... ... ... ...
B8-13 998E30-M2x-NUS0 N/A 30000
... ... ... ...
NOTE – The US0 types stand for:

l US0 type A corresponds to Annex A/G.992.5;
l US0 type B corresponds to Annex B/G.992.5;
l US0 type M corresponds to Annex M/G.992.3/G.992.5;
l US0 type N/A designates a band plan variant that does not use US0.
The following describes the meanings of each field in Table 3-4.
l In Table 3-4, "Short Name" refers to the shortened name of a limit PSD mask and is used
as an index. B8 indicates Plan 998. Similarly, B7 in Annex B indicates Plan 997. Carriers
usually use short names to specify PSD masks. Table 3-5 and Table 3-6 define the
breakpoints in each limit PSD mask and the PSD value at each breakpoint in the upstream
and downstream directions, respectively. In the upstream direction (or the VTU-R transmit
direction), the limit PSD mask of each upstream band applies; in the downstream direction
(or the VTU-O transmit direction), the limit PSD mask of each downstream band applies.
The following tables provide simplified contents regarding VTU-R limit PSD masks for
band Plan 998. To view the complete contents, see ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2. Note
that the upstream and downstream limit PSD masks defined in G.993.2 Annex B have the
same short names, though they have different breakpoints. The upstream and downstream
limit PSD masks defined in G.993.2 Annex A have different short names (for upstream,

VDSL2 Access
examples include EU-32 and ADLU-32, as listed in "US0 type" below; for downstream,
examples include D-32 and D-64).
Table 3-5 VTU-R limit PSD masks for band Plan 998 (and its extensions)
Name B8-1 ... B8-8 ... B8-11 ...
Long 998-M1x- 998E17- 998ADE17-

... ... ...
name A M2x-NUS0 M2x-A
kHz dBm/Hz ... dBm/Hz ... dBm/Hz ...
0 -97.5 ... -100 ... -97.5 ...
4 -97.5 ... -100 ... -97.5 ...
4 -92.5 ... -100 ... -92.5 ...
25.875 -34.5 ... -100 ... -34.5 ...
50 -34.5 ... -100 ... -34.5 ...
80 -34.5 ... -100 ... -34.5 ...
120 -34.5 ... -100 ... -34.5 ...
138 -34.5 ... -100 ... -34.5 ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
24890 -100 ... -100 ... -100 ...
25065 -100 ... -100 ... -100 ...
30000 -100 ... -100 ... -100 ...
30000 -110 ... -110 ... -110 ...
30175 -110 ... -110 ... -110 ...
≥30175 -110 ... -110 ... -110 ...
Table 3-6 VTU-O limit PSD masks for band Plan 998 (and its extensions)
Name B8-1 ... B8-8 ... B8-11 ...
Long 998E17- 998ADE17-

998-M1x-A ... ... ...
name M2x-NUS0 M2x-A
0 -97.5 ... -97.5 ... -97.5 ...
4 -97.5 ... -97.5 ... -97.5 ...
4 -92.5 ... -92.5 ... -92.5 ...

VDSL2 Access
Name B8-1 ... B8-8 ... B8-11 ...
Long 998E17- 998ADE17-

998-M1x-A ... ... ...
name M2x-NUS0 M2x-A
80 -72.5 ... -72.5 ... -72.5 ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
24890 -100 ... -100 ... -100 ...
25065 -100 ... -100 ... -100 ...
30000 -100 ... -100 ... -100 ...
30000 -110 ... -110 ... -110 ...
30175 -110 ... -110 ... -110 ...
≥30175 -110 ... -110 ... -110 ...
l In Table 3-4, "Long Name" describes a limit PSD mask. For example, 998 and 998E17
indicate band plans, which are mentioned in "Annex Types"; NUS0 indicates that US0 is
disabled. Long names do not clearly show the specific PSD mask plan, which must be
determined according to the detailed PSD mask definitions, such as Table 3-5 and Table
3-6, in the standard.
l In Table 3-4, "US0 Type" defines the US0 types associated with each limit PSD mask, as
indicated by the note in Table 3-4.
– Type A indicates that US0 has the same spectrum range as G.992.5 Annex A, that is,
25 kHz to 138 kHz.
– Type B indicates that US0 has the same spectrum range as G.992.5 Annex B, that is,
120 kHz to 276 kHz.
– Type M indicates that US0 has the same spectrum range as G992.3/G.992.5 Annex M,
that is, 25 kHz to 276 kHz.
– Type N/A indicates that US0 is disabled.
l In Table 3-4, the last column "Highest Used Upstream or Downstream Frequency" outlines
the stop frequency in the spectrum associated with the limit PSD mask. The limit PSD mask
defines PSD values for a series of breakpoints within the stop frequency range.
Table 3-4 shows a limit PSD mask plan for VDSL2. The ADSL series standards also define a
spectrum plan, which includes one upstream sub-band and one downstream sub-band, and
therefore the power spectrum plan is simple. G.992.3/ G.992.5 Annex M defines stop frequencies
for 10 upstream bands (EU-32 to EU-128) and associated limit PSD mask profiles (upstream
only). G.992.3/G.992.5 Annex J defines stop frequencies for ten upstream bands (ADLU-32 to
ADLU-128) and associated limit PSD masks profiles (also upstream only). The numbers in
"EU-32" and "ADLU-32" indicate the serial numbers of tones associated with the stop
frequencies of the upstream band. For example, "32" indicates that the stop frequency of the
upstream band maps 32 tones. Assuming that the tone spacing is 4.3125 kHz, then the stop
frequency of the upstream band is 138 kHz. "EU" refers to the extended upstream sub-band and

VDSL2 Access
complies with the Annex M features; "ADLU" refers to all digital mode upstream sub-band and
complies with the Annex J features.
According to the definition of "US0 type" in Table 3-4, the VDSL2 US0 band maps the ADSL
US band. Therefore, the power spectrum profiles defined in the ADSL series standards also
apply to VDSL2 US0. You can select these power spectrum profiles as needed when configuring
the VDSL2 US0 PSD mask.
3.8 Command Parameters for Limit PSD Masks

This section describes command parameters limit PSD masks.
According to TR165, configuring a VDSL2 PSD profile involves configuring the US0 PSD
mask and PSD masks for other bands.
1. To configure a US0 PSD mask, run the xdsl line-spectrum-profile add command, and
then select option y at the prompt message "Will you set US0 PSD masks."
2. To configure PSD masks for other bands, run the xdsl mode-specific-psd-profile add
command, and then select option y at the prompt message "Will you set VDSL2 limit PSD
masks."
Many limit PSD masks (referred to as LIMITMASKs, in line with the standard) are optional. In
order to simplify configurations, LIMITMASKs in G.997.1 are classified into PSD mask classes
(or referred to as CLASSMASKs) according to the Annex types defined in G.993.2. Similarly,
G.997.1 classifies spectrum parameter profiles into the following classes by stop frequency:
l Class 8: Profiles 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d
l Class 12: Profiles 12a, 12b
l Class 17: Profile 17a
l Class 30: Profile 30a
On the CLI interface, select the CLASSMASK for the desired LIMITMASK and specify
LIMITMASK for each profile class. Table 3-7 lists mappings between CLASSMASK, profile
class, and LIMITMASK.
Table 3-7 is organized as follows:
1. Lines 1, 2, and 3 show the CLASSMASK options for each Annex type.
2. For command configurations, the rarely-applied CLASSMASKs are grouped. For details,
see the value range for "VDSL2 PSD mask class selection" in xdsl mode-specific-psd-
profile add. The options for "LIMITMASK for each CLASSMARK" are shown in each
row of Table 3-7. The following uses the first line in profile class 8 as an example to show
the mappings between command parameter settings and contents in the table below (see
the «-marked fields).
NOTE
The following command output is only an example. During actual configuration, the actual command
output prevails.
> VDSL2 PSD mask class selection:
> 1-Class 998 Annex A or Class 997-M1c Annex B or Class 998-B Annex C
> 2-Class 997-M1x Annex B or Class 998-CO Annex C
> 3-Class 997-M2x Annex B

VDSL2 Access
> 6-Class 998ADE-M2x Annex B

> 7-Class HPE-M1 Annex B
> Please select (1~7) [5]:1 «
> Current LIMITMASK for each CLASSMASK you can choose:
> Profile8a/b/c/d:
> 1: Limit1: D-32 M1c-A-7 POTS-138b« 2: Limit2: D-48 TCM-ISDN
> 3: Limit3: POTS_276b 4: Limit9: D-64
> 5: Limit10: D-128
> Profile12a/12b:
> 6: Limit1: D-32 POTS-138b 7: Limit2: D-48 TCM-ISDN
> 10: Limit10: D-128
> Profile17a:
> 15: Limit10: D-128
> Profile30a:
> 20: Limit10: D-128
> Please select (1~20) [1]:
Table 3-7 Definition of LIMITMASK for each CLASSMASK
PSD Mask Classes
Ann
Annex B Annex C
Profi ex A
le
Clas 998 998- 998- 998ADE 997- 997- 997- HPE- 998-B 998-
s Ann M1x M2x -M2x M1x M1c M2x M1 Anne CO
ex A Annex Annex B Annex B Annex Annex Annex Anne xC Annex
« B B B B xB « C
«
8 D-32 M1x-A M2x-A M2x-A M1c- M2x-A POTS POTS_

« « A-7 -138b 138co
« «
8 D-48 M1x-B M2x-B M2x-B M1x- M2x- TCM- POTS_

M-8 M-8 ISDN 276co
8 M2x-M M2x-M M1x-M M2x-M POTS

_276b
8 M1x- M2x- M2x-

NUS0 NUS0 NUS0
8 D-64
8 D-12
8
12 D-32 M1x-A M2x-A M2x-A M2x-A POTS POTS_

-138b 138co
12 D-48 M1x-B M2x-B M2x-B TCM- POTS_

ISDN 276co

VDSL2 Access
PSD Mask Classes
Ann
Annex B Annex C
Profi ex A
le
Clas 998 998- 998- 998ADE 997- 997- 997- HPE- 998-B 998-
s Ann M1x M2x -M2x M1x M1c M2x M1 Anne CO
ex A Annex Annex B Annex B Annex Annex Annex Anne xC Annex
« B B B B xB « C
«
12 M2x-M M2x-M M1x-M M2x-M POTS

_276b
12 M1x- M2x- M2x-

NUS0 NUS0 NUS0
12 D-64
12 D-12
8
17 D-32 E17- ADE17- E17- 17- POTS

M2x- M2x-A M2x- M1- -138b
NUS0 NUS0 NUS0
17 D-48 E17- ADE17- TCM-

M2x- M2x-B ISDN
NUS0-M
17 ADE17- POTS
M2x- _276b
NUS0-M
17 D-64
17 D-12
8
30 D-32 E30- ADE30- E30- 30- POTS

M2x- M2x- M2x- M1- -138b
NUS0 NUS0-A NUS0 NUS0
30 D-48 E30- ADE30- TCM-

M2x- M2x- ISDN
NUS0-M NUS0-M
30 POTS
_276b
30 D-64
30 D-12
8

VDSL2 Access
3.9 MIB PSD Mask

power spectrum density (PSD) masks for flexible control over PSD.
"MIB-controlled" means configuring PSD masks through the network management system
(NMS) or through a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM). MIB-controlled PSD
masks provide users with more options than the limit PSD masks defined in standards. Carriers
can control the power spectrum and reduce crosstalk by configuring suitable PSD masks
according to DSLAM distribution, distance to users, and coexistence of ADSL and VDSL. Such
user-configured PSD masks are referred to as MIB PSD masks.
For details on MIB PSD masks, see 4.3.1 MIB-controlled PSD Mask.

VDSL2 Access
Special Topic 4 Key VDSL2 Techniques
4 Key VDSL2 Techniques
About This Chapter
4.1 Overview of Key VDSL2 Techniques

This section provides an overview of key VDSL2 techniques for improving bandwidths and
stability of VDSL2 lines.
4.2 Key Techniques for Improving Line Protection

DSL provides various techniques for improving line protection, such as enhanced error detection
and correction, reserved noise margin, and online reconfiguration (OLR). All the techniques
employed translate into higher line stability.
4.3 Techniques for Reducing Interference

To minimize mutual interference between VDSL2 and other transmission systems, VDSL2 uses
flexible mechanisms for controlling the transmit power. As these mechanisms shape the power
spectral density (PSD), they are referenced as PSD shaping.
4.4 VDSL2 PTM Bonding

VDSL2 packet transfer mode (PTM) bonding, or VDSL2 Ethernet in the first mile (EFM)
bonding, is implemented in line with ITU-T Recommendation G.998.2. It extends the access
distance while maintaining a constant access rate or increases the access rate while maintaining
a constant access distance, by means of bonding.

VDSL2 Access
4.1 Overview of Key VDSL2 Techniques

This section provides an overview of key VDSL2 techniques for improving bandwidths and
stability of VDSL2 lines.
Key VDSL2 techniques include:
l Techniques for improving line protection

l Techniques decreasing noise output
l VDSL2 PTM bonding
The preceding two types of techniques are briefly introduced as follows.
4.2 Key Techniques for Improving Line Protection

DSL provides various techniques for improving line protection, such as enhanced error detection
and correction, reserved noise margin, and online reconfiguration (OLR). All the techniques
employed translate into higher line stability.
4.2.1 Interleaving FEC

Forward error correction (FEC), though having powerful error correction capability, is
insufficient for handling long strings of consecutive bit errors that are generated in severe line
noise. Hence, interleaving FEC is introduced. Interleaving FEC is a major approach for avoiding
pulse interference.
Working Principle of Interleaving FEC

Interleaving may be block interleaving or convolutional interleaving, and DSL uses the latter.
Compared with convolutional interleaving, block interleaving is simple but less effective. The
following uses block interleaving as an example to illustrate the interleaving process.

VDSL2 Access
Figure 4-1 shows a typical interleaver. In this example, the rectangle block refers to an
interleaving block and the numbers in the block indicate the sequence in which bits enter the
interleaver. Generally, bits are written by row and read by column. The interleaving depth (D)
is 3 and interleaving width (I) is 7. In practical applications, an interleaver has greater D and I
values.
NOTE
ADSL directly uses the FEC codeword NFEC as the interleaver width, whereas VDSL2 uses the fraction (I
= NFEC/q) of NFEC as the interleaver width, with q ranging from 1 to 8.
Figure 4-1 Working principle of the interleaver
Figure 4-2 shows a de-interleaver that corresponds to the interleaver shown in Figure 4-1. The
de-interleaver outputs cells in their correct sequence.
Figure 4-2 Working principle of the de-interleaver
Figure 4-3 shows the benefit of interleaving by comparing the received bit errors with and
without interleaving. In the figure, the first two rows indicate the sequence in which bits are
transmitted over channels and the last two rows indicate the received bits. If a burst error similar
to the third row occurs, bit errors will be distributed when interleaving takes effect so that they
can be better corrected.

VDSL2 Access
Figure 4-3 Comparison of received bit errors with and without interleaving
ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2 also defines a mechanism for dynamically adjusting the
interleaving depth (D). In the handshake process, the office and user devices negotiate whether
to support dynamic adjustment of the interleaving depth. If yes, the system adjusts the
interleaving depth based on line conditions, thereby extending the range for seamless rate
adaptation (SRA).
Path Mode and Maximum Interleaving Delay

Interleaving improves the line error correction capability by splitting consecutive bit errors on
a line among various FEC frames. As the interleaving takes additional time, delay (referred to
as interleaving delay) results. The maximum interleaving delay parameter is designed on a
Huawei access device to control the interleaving delay. Specifically, the interleaving delay
produced after a port is activated cannot exceed the maximum interleaving delay. On the Huawei
access device, users can run the xdsl inp-delay-profile add command to set the maximum
interleaving delay.
As interleaving delay will impact delay-critical services, such as VoD, voice, and fax services,
VDSL2 allows users to select a path mode ("path" means "latency path" and has the same
meaning as the path in "dual-latency path") before line initialization: fast path or interleaving
path. Figure 4-4 shows how the two path modes vary from each other.
Figure 4-4 Fast path and interleaving path

VDSL2 Access
l Fast path: The line has a shorter delay but smaller error correction capability. In this mode,
the interleaving depth is 1, which means no interleaving is performed, and the maximum
interleaving delay is 0 ms.
NOTE
l ITU-T Recommendation G.997.1 defines three special values for the maximum interleaving
delay:
l S0: Interleaving delay is set to 0, indicating no limit on the maximum interleaving delay.
l S1: Interleaving delay is set to 1, indicating the interleaving depth (D) of 1 and the maximum
interleaving delay of 0 ms.
l S2: Interleaving delay is set to 255, indicating the maximum interleaving delay of 1 ms.
l For the VDSL2 service boards in the H802 and H80A series, which agree with ITU-T G.997.1,
set "interleaving delay" to 1 (S1 in ITU-T G.997.1) and INP to 0 to select the fast path mode; for
the VDSL2 service boards in the H80B, H805, and H808 series, which use a different mechanism,
set "interleaving delay" to 0 and INP also to 0 to select the fast path mode.
l Interleaving path: In interleaving path mode, the system has stronger error correction
capability but a longer delay. It is typically applicable to the services that are not reliability
or delay-critical, such as file download. In this mode, the FEC-processed bit stream is sent
to the interleaver and then to the line. On the other side of the line, the bit stream is de-
interleaved.
In VDSL2, the interleaving capability is represented by interleaving depth (D), the error
correction capability by minimum INP (see 4.2.2 Configurable INP Parameters for details
on INP), and interleaving delay by maximum interleaving delay, which are correlated to each
other. In other words, deeper interleaving means more powerful error correction capability
(greater INP value) but longer interleaving delay. The three parameters fit a formula defined in
ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2.
In practical application, the system does not judge the minimum INP or maximum interleaving
delay but applies the settings to a board directly. The board will make adaptation to ensure
successful line activation after receiving the settings. Generally, use a longer interleaving delay
(63 ms, for instance) if the minimum INP value is large (16, for instance). If the minimum INP
value is small and the maximum interleaving delay is short, the line will be activated with a low
rate or probably cannot be activated.
4.2.2 Configurable INP Parameters

Impulse noise protection (INP) refers to a technical category. In the DSL standard, INP indicates
the error correction capability of a line or, more specifically, the count of correctable consecutive
discrete multi-tone (DMT) symbols during de-interleaving.
INP Definition
Figure 4-5 shows the definition of INP parameters. On the device, minimum INP controls the
error correction capability. The INP value of an activated port must be equal to or larger than
minimum INP.

VDSL2 Access
Figure 4-5 INP indication
The DMT symbol rate is an influence factor for conversion between INP parameter values and
pulse noise duration. The DMT symbol rate is defined as 8000 DMT symbols per second in the
30a profile and as 4000 DMT symbols per second in other spectrum profiles. "INP=16" means
that the system can correct the bit errors produced in the noise duration of 16 x 1/8000 = 2 ms
in the 30a profile, and 16 x 1/4000 = 4 ms in other spectrum profiles.
INP Parameter Application

In ADSL2+/VDSL2, the interleaving capability is represented by interleaving depth (D), the
error correction capability by minimum INP, and interleaving delay by maximum interleaving
delay (see 4.2.1 Interleaving FEC for details on interleaving), which are correlated to each
other. In other words, deeper interleaving means more powerful error correction capability (a
greater INP value) but a longer interleaving delay. The three parameters fit a formula defined
in ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2.
On the Huawei access device, users can run the xdsl inp-delay-profile add command to
configure INP (or the interleaving delay). A board adjusts the interleaving depth and delay based
on the specified minimum INP for the system to suppress pulse noise interference. If erasure
decoding is used, INP can be significantly increased without additional redundancy (no impact
on the efficiency for carrying payload).
In practical application, the system does not judge the minimum INP or maximum interleaving
delay before applying the settings to a board. The board will make adaptation to ensure successful
line activation after receiving the settings. Generally, use a longer interleaving delay (63 ms, for
instance) if the minimum INP value is large (16, for instance). If the minimum INP value is
small and the maximum interleaving delay is short, the line will be activated with a low rate or
probably cannot be activated. This means that there is a correlation between INP and the activated
line rate. When the interleaving depth is constant, a greater INP value means a sharper decrease
of the activated line rate.
When configuring the minimum INP, users must note the following conditions:
l If the Internet access rate is low, the line probably has a long delay. The most possible cause
of the long delay is a large INP value.

VDSL2 Access
l In the ADSL2+/VDSL2 over POTS service, there will be an abrupt change in line
impedance after an onhook, producing transient pulse signals on the line. In this case, the
ADSL2+/VDSL2 line will lose packets or even result in offline instances. It is
recommended to set the minimum INP to 2 or greater for ADSL2+/VDSL2 over POTS.
The optimal INP value must be determined based on statistics of line noise distribution and
spectrum range monitored over a long duration in order for the system to minimize the impact
on line performance while maintaining a stable line. Impulse noise monitor (INM) is used for
the monitoring.
Erasure Decoding
When used with FEC (Reed-Solomon coding), erasure decoding increases the system INP value
without requiring additional redundancy.
Erasure decoding is optional as defined in the standard and the device manufacturers decide
whether to implement it on central office (CO) and customer premises equipment (CPE) devices.
Impulse Noise Monitor (INM)

A greater INP value means more powerful line error correction capability, but longer data
transmission delay and lower efficiency of carrying payload. Therefore, setting an optimal INP
value is important to ADSL2+/VDSL2.
The optimal INP value must be determined based on statistics of line noise distribution and
spectrum range monitored over a long duration in order for the system to minimize the impact
on line performance while maintaining a stable line. Impulse noise monitor (INM) is used for
the monitoring.
Figure 4-6 shows the working principle of INM.
Figure 4-6 Working principle of INM
Working principle of INM:
1. The impulse noise sensor (INS) checks for severe damage in DMT symbols. If DMT
symbols are severely damaged, they are downgraded.
2. The cluster indicator identifies INS-detected DMT symbols and groups the matched DMT
symbols in a cluster. Clusters are preconditions for later DMT symbol processing. Figure
4-7 shows the process of identifying DMT symbols in clusters.

VDSL2 Access
Figure 4-7 Working principle of INM
l As shown in the figure above, INM cluster continuation value (INMCC) is a key
parameter for a cluster. INMCC indicates the maximum number of intact DMT symbols
that can be included in a cluster. In this example, INMCC is 2 and Gap1 has two DMT
symbols, which belong to a cluster (Cluster 1). Gap2 has three DMT symbols, higher
than the limit. Therefore, Cluster1 includes only Gap1 and Gap2 does not belong to any
cluster.
3. The Eq INP generation module calculates equivalent INP (INP_eq) for each cluster, and
the inter arrive time (IAT) generation module calculates IAT for the entire symbol series.
IAT refers to the number of symbols between two consecutive clusters, excluding the Sync
symbol.
4. The Eq INP & IAT anomalies generation module collects statistics of INP_eq and IAT.
5. The INM counters count INP_eq and IAT by a certain rule, and produce irregular INP_eq
and IAT bar charts based on the data. Users can view and use the data, and configure
INP_Min (minimum INP) and Delay_Max (maximum interleaving delay) based on
INP_eq and IAT.
6. Users can query the INM statistical results by running the display statistics
performance command, or view the INP_eq and IAT bar charts using the NMS.
4.2.3 Physical Layer Retransmission (G.INP)

Some pulse noise may produce numerous bit errors. To protect a system against the pulse noise,
one theoretical approach is to improve impulse noise protection (INP) by increasing forward
error correction (FEC) redundancy and interleaving depth. However, the theoretical approach
is not feasible because it causes a long delay and low efficiency in carrying payload, or has high
requirements on components. ITU-T Recommendation G.998.4 defines physical layer
retransmission to provide an alternative for improving INP. Specifically, physical layer
retransmission improves INP while providing a high transmission rate and an acceptable
transmission delay, and it is typically applicable to line quality-critical services, such as video
services.
G.INP is another designation of ITU-T Recommendation G.998.4. Physical layer retransmission

is referred to as RTX.
G.INP is intended to protect the system against the following types of pulse noise:

VDSL2 Access
l Single high impulsive noise event (SHINE), which is neither repetitive nor periodic, but
unpredictable because it is caused by burst impulse.
l Repetitive electric impulsive noise (REIN), which is repetitive and is caused by the electric
main line and influenced by the local AC frequency.
Figure 4-8 shows how the access device implements retransmission in the downstream direction.
Retransmission in the upstream direction is similar.
Figure 4-8 Working principle of retransmission
As shown in Figure 4-8, both the transmitter and receiver provide retransmission queues. To
start the retransmission process, the transmitter encodes the to-be-sent data in data transfer units
(DTUs), which are buffered in a retransmission queue. After receiving the DTUs, the receiver
also buffers them in a retransmission queue and verifies them. If a DTU is found errored, the
receiver sends a retransmission request to the transmitter. Then, the transmitter retransmits the
DTU as requested. When receiving the retransmitted DTU, the receiver verifies it. If the DTU
is correct, the receiver sends an acknowledgement message to the transmitter. By now, the
retransmission process is completed.
In line with ITU-T Recommendation G.998.4, the Huawei access device supports G.INP
retransmission parameter settings. For details, see G.998.4-related parameters in the xdsl line-
spectrum-profile add, xdsl inp-delay-profile add, and xdsl data-rate-profile add commands.
Users can query statistics of retransmission performance and operation specifications by running
the display xdsl statistics performance, display line operation, and display channel
operation commands.

VDSL2 Access
4.2.4 Configurable Noise Margin

Noise margin is also signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) margin. The line conditions, such as ambient
temperature, humidity, and ambient background noise, keep changing, and so does the SNR of
each tone. A noise margin is retained when bits are allocated to each tone. When the line
conditions change, the SNR decreases. If the SNR decrease is within the noise margin, the bit
error ratio (BER) can stay lower than the standard-stipulated 10-7, and data can be properly
transmitted.
Concepts
Noise margin
Noise margin refers to the extra noise that the access device can tolerate while retaining the
existing rate and BER. A wider noise margin means a more stable line but a lower activated
physical connection rate.
Bit allocation
The noise power spectrum and line attenuation vary with the frequency, and different tones have
varied SNRs and number of allocated bits. Therefore, different tones have varied noise margins
but only one noise margin value is displayed. In practical application, the lowest noise margin
will apply as the noise margin of the entire xDSL line.
SNR
As a basic indicator in the communication industry, SNR reflects path quality. SNR refers to the
ratio of the energy of data signals carried over each tone to the noise energy. Therefore, the
xDSL SNR is the SNR of each tone. Each tone's signal and noise energy is expressed in dBm/
Hz. Noise power ranges from -120 dBm/Hz to -140 dBm/Hz, and signal transmit power ranges
from -40 dBm/Hz to -90 dBm/Hz. A tone with a 3 dB SNR can carry one bit. For a tone to carry
15 bits, the tone must have an SNR of at least 45 dB.
Working Principle
Figure 4-9 shows how noise margin works. Each tube represents a tone, the blue line represents
total line power, the area outlined by the blue and red lines represents the reserved noise margin,
and the area below the green line represents noise power. As shown in the figure, the area outlined
between the red and green lines is used for carrying transmission signals (bit allocation).

VDSL2 Access
Figure 4-9 Noise margin
When no noise margin is reserved, a noise amplitude increase may push the total signal power
over the blue line, producing bit errors or even user offline events. When noise margin is
reserved, the access device can tolerate a certain noise amplitude increase, allowing the total
signal power to stay between the blue and red lines. In this way, the access device achieves
higher line stability.
Application
The activated noise margin is associated with the target noise, and maximum and minimum noise
margins configured for the access device. Specifically, the activated noise margin is close to the
target noise margin, and within the range outlined by the maximum and minimum noise margins.
A higher reserved noise margin means less power for carrying bits and a lower transmission
rate.
Noise margins, including target, maximum, and minimum noise margins, apply in both upstream
and downstream directions.
Target noise margin
l Target noise margin refers to the noise margin required for an access device to initialize
with a BER of 10-7 or smaller. The target noise margin applies during line training and does
not take effect after a line is trained. The line must be initialized with a BER of 10-7 or
smaller. After line training is complete, users can query the actual noise margin of the line,
which is close to the target noise margin.
l The target noise margin is reserved during normal data communication and it ensures
normal communication in unfavorable line conditions. A larger noise margin means a less
probability for the access device to encounter data transmission errors, a safer access device,
but a lower maximum rate. For practical applications, configure a proper target noise margin
based on line conditions.
l The access device establishes xDSL line connections and determines their rates according
to the target noise margin. An over-high target noise margin may cause a decrease in the
activated line rate, and an over-low target noise margin may cause an unstable line.
Maximum noise margin

VDSL2 Access
l For a line in good conditions, if the activated noise margin exceeds the maximum noise
margin, the access device must lower the line SNR by decreasing the signal power, while
retaining the line rate up to the line requirement.
l In the process of xDSL connection establishment, if the noise margin calculated by the
access device exceeds the specified maximum noise margin, the port will lower the signal
power so that the noise margin will decrease to lower than the maximum noise margin.
Minimum noise margin
l When the line conditions turn unfavorable and the activated noise margin is lower than the
minimum noise margin, the line cannot carry the expected bits. In this case, the line SNR
must be raised by increasing the signal power so that the line can provide the required rate.
If the signal power cannot be increased at all or cannot be increased to the extend to push
the noise margin higher than the minimum noise margin, the line must be retrained.
l In the process of xDSL connection establishment, if the calculated noise margin is lower
than the preset minimum noise margin, the port fails to be activated.
Determine the maximum and minimum noise margins based on line conditions. The maximum
and minimum noise margin settings apply after the line is activated. A line keeps changing,
sometimes in a good way and sometimes in a bad way.
l When the line condition worsens and the noise margin is lower than the minimum noise
margin, the line cannot carry the expected bits. In this case, the line SNR must be raised
by increasing the signal power so that the line can provide the required rate.
l When the line condition improves and the noise margin is higher than the maximum noise
margin, the line SNR is over-high and will result in resource waste. In this case, the SNR
must be lowered by decreasing the signal power, while the required line rate is retained.
An over-high target noise margin may decrease the activated rate, while an over-low target noise
margin may result in an unstable line. Retain the default value (6 dB) for the target noise margin
generally. If the activated rate is required at 0 km, the target noise margin can be reduced to a
certain extent, but it is recommended that you retain the value greater than 3 dB; otherwise, the
line may be unstable. In other conditions, the default value is recommended.
4.2.5 Bit Swapping

Bit swapping automatically adjusts the bit and power allocation on different tones according to
SNR changes, so that the line is dynamically adaptive to variable noise without retrainings.
When the DSL line SNR changes but does not exceed the noise margin, the line BER meets the
requirement (lower than 10-7). However, noise margin does not always apply. When the line
SNR decreases below the noise margin, the line BER will exceed 10-7, and if it lasts for a long
time, the line will be retrained to be adaptive to the noise.
Bit swapping automatically adjusts the bit and power allocation on different tones according to
SNR changes, so that the line is dynamically adaptive to variable noise without retrainings.
As an online reconfiguration (OLR) technique, bit swapping does not change the line rate.
Figure 4-10 shows the working principle of bit swapping.

VDSL2 Access
Figure 4-10 Working principle of bit swapping
l When detecting noise exceeding the noise margin in a tone, the receiver sends requests to
the transmitter, requesting the transmitter to: swap bits from low-SNR tones to high-SNR
tones; reduce the transmit power of the tones with reduced bits (crosstalk will result if these
tones retain the original transmit power); increase the transmit power of the tones with
increased bits.
l After the receiver sends bit swapping requests, the transmitter and receiver negotiate.
Specifically, if the receiver does not receive response within a certain period of time, it
deems that the transmitter does not support bit swapping (for example, when bit swapping
is disabled) and retains the line conditions. If the receiver receives response from the
transmitter, the transmitter and receiver will operate based on the negotiation results, to
transmit or receive data. As devices (especially modems) supplied by different
manufacturers have varied implementation of bit swapping, the transmitter and receiver,
while negotiating and interacting with each other, may misunderstand each other. When
misunderstanding happens, the line may be deactivated.
The Huawei access device allows users to enable or disable bit swapping in the upstream and
downstream directions by running the xdsl line-spectrum-profile add command.
4.2.6 SRA
Bit swapping adjusts bit distribution on tones for a line to be noise-adaptive while retaining a
constant rate. Seamless rate adaptation (SRA) enables the line to dynamically adapt to noises to
a greater extent without retrainings.
When line conditions turn unfavorable and bit swapping fails to retain the bit error ratio (BER)
at the required level, SRA decreases the rate; when line conditions turn favorable again, SRA
increases the rate. In this manner, bandwidth usage is maximized.

VDSL2 Access
Concepts
Association between line rates and bits
Line rate refers to the sum of bits transmitted over all tones on a channel.
SNR margin for rate upshift: When the noise margin reaches the specified value and sustains
for minimum upshift time, the transmission rate automatically upshifts. SNR margin for rate
upshift can be specified separately in upstream and downstream directions.
SNR margin for rate downshift: When the noise margin reaches the specified value and
sustains for minimum downshift time, the transmission rate automatically downshifts. SNR
margin for rate downshift can be specified separately in upstream and downstream directions.
Minimum upshift time: If the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) margin reaches the value where the
transmission rate starts to upshift, the transmission rate holds at this point for the specified
minimum time and upshifts. Minimum upshift time can be specified separately in upstream
and downstream directions.
Minimum downshift time: If the SNR margin reaches the value where the transmission rate
starts to downshift, the transmission rate holds at this point for the specified minimum time and
downshifts. Minimum downshift time can be specified separately in upstream and downstream
directions.
Working Principle
Figure 4-11 shows the association between a noise margin and SRA. The green-shaded blocks
include description of SRA functions and the noise margin range.
l When noise margin is greater than or equal to SNR margin for rate upshift for over
minimum upshift time, SRA functions to intensify bit distribution on the line for the
transmission rate (line rate) to upshift.
l When noise margin is less than or equal to SNR margin for rate downshift for over
minimum downshift time, SRA functions to unload part of bit distribution on the line for
the transmission rate (line rate) to downshift.
l When noise margin is less than SNR margin for rate upshift but greater than SNR
margin for rate downshift, or stays shorter than the minimum time, SRA will not function.

VDSL2 Access
Figure 4-11 Noise margin
l When the noise margin is decreasing to lower than the SNR margin for rate downshift
(which lies between the minimum and target noise margins), the customer premises
equipment (CPE) sends control messages to the central office (CO), requesting the CO to
dynamically decrease the signal transmit rate. After the signal transmit rate downshifts, the
line noise margin increases. When the noise margin increases to the target value, the signal
transmit rate stays stable.
l When the noise margin is increasing to higher than the SNR margin for rate upshift (which
lies between the maximum and target noise margins), the CPE sends control messages to
the CO, requesting the CO to dynamically increase the signal transmit rate. After the signal
transmit rate upshifts, the line noise margin decreases. When the noise margin decreases
to the target value, the signal transmit rate stays stable.
The rate upshift and downshift do not cause line retrainings or service interruption. This is why
the rate adaptation process is seamless.
Figure 4-12 shows the entire SRA process and the specific process where the CO controls SRA
using parameters.

VDSL2 Access
Figure 4-12 SRA process
The rate does not upshift or downshift immediately when the line noise margin reaches the SNR
margin for rate upshift or downshift. Instead, SRA starts to function only after the line noise
margin stays at the level for the required time (in a range of 0s to 16383s).
Application
SRA can be enabled or disabled for an activated line. The receiver (CPE) triggers SRA while
the transmitter (CO) controls SRA parameters.
SRA is sufficient to resolve the issues caused when noise margin changes slowly, but is
insufficient when noise margin changes sharply.
4.2.7 SOS
Save our showtime (SOS) is a technology for enhancing line stability. Compared with seamless
rate adaptation (SRA), SOS features faster line stability detection, which significantly reduces
port offline rates caused by sudden noise increase. In addition, line gains remain unchanged
during the entire SOS process, preventing unstable noise increase to lines.
When loud noises are suddenly increased to lines, the SOS feature allows the ports to work at a
rate lower than before without going offline, which minimally affects services and supports rapid
service recovery. After the noises are eliminated, the SOS feature allows the ports to work at a
rate as before to recover the lines.
SOS Process Parameters

The SOS feature complies with the G.993.2 standard. Table 4-1 shows the parameters involved
in an SOS process.

VDSL2 Access
Table 4-1 Parameters involved in an SOS process
Parameter Description Corresponding Command

Parameters
SOS-TIME Indicates the SOS time window. sos-window-ds

If the value of this parameter is 0, sos-window-us
SOS is disabled. For details, see the xdsl sos-profile
quickadd command.
SOS- Indicates the threshold for the sos-percent-degraded-tones-ds

NTONES percentage of degraded tones. sos-percent-degraded-tones-us
For details, see the xdsl sos-profile
quickadd command.
SOS-CRC Indicates the threshold for the sos-min-crc-ds

number of abnormal CRCs. sos-min-crc-us
quickadd command.
MAX-SOS Indicates the maximum number of max-sos-ds

SOS processes. max-sos-us
quickadd command.
MIN-SOS- Indicates the minimum data rate of min-sos-dr

DR a valid SOS request. For details, see the xdsl data-rate-
profile quickadd command.
SOS Rules
The SOS feature obeys the following rules:
1. The SOS-TIME value cannot be 0.
2. During the time specified by SOS-TIME, if the number of abnormal CRCs received by
the receive end is greater than SOS-CRC, or the system determines that the percentage of
degraded tones is greater than SOS-NTONES, the system triggers an SOS process.
3. If the number of SOS processes within 120s is greater than MAX-SOS, the modem switches
to work in L3 state. If the line rate is continuously lower than MIN-SOS-DR for 20s, the
modem also switches to work in L3 state.
SOS Process
The SOS feature divides the subcarriers used by the VDSL2 system into multiple subcarrier
groups. When line noises suddenly increase and an SOS process is triggered, the entire SOS
process is as follows:
1. The receive end sends an SOS request that carries a simple and short message, notifying
the transmit end of the bit value to be reduced. During the entire SOS process, the gain

VDSL2 Access
remains unchanged. The SOS request is transmitted over a robust overhead channel (ROC),
a logical channel dedicated for transmitting overhead messages.
2. Based on the received message, the transmit end reduces the bit value allocated to all
subcarriers in the subcarrier group, preventing a large number of data exchanges between
the transmit and receive ends for the bit and gain values allocated to each subcarrier.
Figure 4-13 SOS process
The entire SOS process is complete within several hundred milliseconds, at least one order of
magnitude faster than the SRA process. In addition, the retained gain prevents the introduction
of new unstable noises to lines.
4.2.8 Tone Blackout

If a certain band on the DSL line has unstable noise, which may cause interference, tone blackout
can forbid the band from transmitting data, hence eliminating the interference. Some bands may
be used for special purposes in certain regions; to prevent interference with these bands, tone
blackout can forbid these bands.
Tone blackout, or missing tone as called in ADSL standards, means that a subcarrier is disabled
and it will not carry any power (though there is a negligible transition band at both ends of the
blackout band, because of the analog components), or any bit.
On the Huawei access device, users can run the xdsl line-spectrum-profile add command to
configure tone blackout. The tone blackout band cannot be over-extensive or include the pilot
tone; otherwise, the line may fail to be activated.
NOTE
The system determines the pilot tones in line with ITU-T Recommendation G.994.1. Users can identify
the pilot tones by comparing the spectrum profile against the ITU-T Recommendation G.994.1. Generally,
the tone blackout band has a high frequency while the pilot tone has a low frequency, and they are less
likely to intersect.

VDSL2 Access
4.2.9 Virtual Noise

Noise margin is constant but line noise changes (the change fits a function of frequency). An
over-large noise margin means fewer bits carried over tones and compromised performance; an
over-small noise margin means a high BER when noise of a tone exceeds the noise margin. To
resolve the issues, the noise margin power spectral density (PSD) mask must resemble the noise
PSD mask whenever possible. This is how virtual noise helps.
Figure 4-14 shows a reference model of virtual noise.
Figure 4-14 Reference model of virtual noise
For the virtual noise PSD mask to resemble the noise PSD mask in practical application, statistics
on noise of the entire spectrum over a long period must be collected, as shown in Figure 4-15.
Figure 4-15 Virtual noise PSD mask

VDSL2 Access
As shown in Figure 4-15, the virtual noise PSD mask more resembles the noise PSD mask than
the noise margin, and ensures a more stable line and better line performance. In the meanwhile,
however, virtual noise always presumes the maximum noise under the most unfavorable
conditions. Therefore, line stability and low BER are achieved by compromising the connection
rate.
NOTE
Figure 4-15 shows the statistical results as an example. In practical application, different carriers may use
different tools and methods for collecting and analysing statistics, and the present of the statistical results
may be different..
In line with ITU-T Recommendation G.997.1, the Huawei access device allows users to enable
or disable virtual noise, and configure the noise margin profile and virtual noise profile by
running the xdsl noise-margin-profile add and xdsl virtual-noise-profile add commands,
respectively. A virtual noise profile includes multiple virtual noise PSD breakpoints. Based on
this profile, the system draws the virtual noise mask for the entire spectrum using an interpolation
algorithm. This process is similar to that for drawing a management information base (MIB)
PSD mask.
4.3 Techniques for Reducing Interference

To minimize mutual interference between VDSL2 and other transmission systems, VDSL2 uses
flexible mechanisms for controlling the transmit power. As these mechanisms shape the power
spectral density (PSD), they are referenced as PSD shaping.
4.3.1 MIB-controlled PSD Mask

power spectral density (PSD) mask for a system to flexibly control PSD. "MIB-controlled"
means configuring PSD masks through the network management system (NMS) or through a
digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM). MIB-controlled PSD masks provide users
with more options than the limit PSD masks defined in the standard. Carriers can control the
power spectrum and reduce crosstalk by configuring suitable PSD masks according to DSLAM
distribution, distance to users, and coexistence of ADSL and VDSL. Such user-configured PSD
masks are referred to as MIB-controlled PSD masks.
Figure 4-16 shows a common MIB-controlled PSD mask defined in ITU-T Recommendation
G.993.2.
l The MIB-controlled PSD mask defines the PSD at a series of breakpoints on the
transmission frequency band. Based on the PSD mask, the system determines the PSD of
each subcarrier (or tone) using interpolation between two breakpoints.
l For each breakpoint, a subcarrier index (tn) and PSD value (PSDn) are defined. Then
breakpoints are expressed like [(t1, PSD1), (t2, PSD2),…, (tn, PSDn)], where t1 indicates the
start frequency and tn the stop frequency of the frequency band.
l In Figure 4-16, the limit PSD mask only indicates that the MIB-controlled PSD mask
should always lie below the limit PSD mask (if the former lies above the latter, the system

VDSL2 Access
chooses the smaller one as the PSD mask). The turns at the PSD mask cannot form a right
angle, and the slope for each turn is restricted to avoid a sharp change in the transmit power.
In addition, a maximum of 16 breakpoints can be configured in the upstream direction (for

ADSL2+, a maximum of 4 breakpoints can be configured in the upstream directio) and 32 in
the downstream direction. The US0 band cannot include any breakpoint.
Figure 4-16 MIB-controlled PSD mask
On the Huawei access device, users can configure MIB-controlled PSD masks by running the
xdsl mode-specific-psd-profile add command.
4.3.2 DPBO
Downstream power back-off (DPBO) is implemented to minimize crosstalk among the upstream
lines in the same bundle (VDSL2 and ADSL/ADSL2+).
Definition of DPBO
On most conditions, VDSL2 lines are shorter than ADSL/ADSL2+ lines. This is why ADSL/
ADSL2+ is deployed at CO and VDSL2 at cabinets, which are close to users, as shown in Figure
4-17.

VDSL2 Access
Figure 4-17 Minimizing Inter-Line Crosstalk
Generally, after signals reach a cabinet, the downstream transmit power of CO is attenuated to
far lower than the downstream transmit power of the cabinet. If VDSL2 and ADSL/ADSL2+
lines are deployed in the same cable bundle, the downstream signals of the cabinet have intensive
crosstalk with the downstream signals of CO, which may be as intensive as to cause BER over
-7 and deteriorate services.
To minimize the inter-line crosstalk, DPBO is implemented to decrease the downstream transmit
power of the cabinet so that it is close to the power of the CO-transmitted signals reaching the
cabinet. Then the inter-line crosstalk is minimized.
ITU-T G.997.1 defines an algorithm for calculating DPBO, or the cabinet-end DPBO PSD mask.
More specifically, the CO-end downstream PSD minus the power attenuated over the L (distance
between the CO and cabinet) is equal to the PSD from the CO to cabinet. Then the cabinet-end
downstream PSD is adjusted to close to the PSD.
DPBO Configuration
For DPBO to apply, some parameters regarding DPBO PSD mask calculation must be
configured. For a Huawei access device, DPBO parameters include standard ones defined in
ITU-T G.997.1, and non-standard ones customized for carriers (for ADSL2+, does not contain
the non-standard ones). Users can configure DPBO by running the xdsl dpbo-profile add
commands. For details on the parameters, see the description of the xdsl dpbo-profile add
command.
4.3.3 UPBO
Upstream power back-off (UPBO) is implemented to improve spectral compatibility among
VDSL2 loop systems with varied lengths and minimize crosstalk among the upstream lines.

VDSL2 Access
Definition of UPBO
Figure 4-18 Minimizing Inter-line Crosstalk
As shown in Figure 4-18, VDSL2 loops deployed in the same bundle of cables may have varied
lengths. The power spectral density (PSD) of the signals transmitted from CPE to CO has been
severely attenuated for long VDSL2 loops, but that for short VDSL2 loops is still high. The high
PSD of short VDSL2 loops will generate severe far-end crosstalk to long VDSL2 loops,
impacting the upstream rate of the long loops.
VDSL2 UPBO mechanism: UPBO reduces the upstream transmit power for CPE on short
VDSL2 loops while sustaining proper performance for short VDSL2 loops. In this way, signals
of long and short VDSL2 loops will have similar PSDs when the signals arrive at CO,
significantly reducing far-end crosstalk on long VDSL2 loops and improving their upstream
transmission performance. As the upstream transmit power is reduced for short VDSL2 loops,
the downstream rate of short VDSL2 loops will also decrease.
UPBO brings the following benefits:
l Minimizes the crosstalk among upstream bands for VDSL2 loops with varied lengths in a
cable bundle.
l Reduces power consumption of CPE and electromagnetic radiation.
UPBO Configuration
UPBO parameters must be set for CO and CPE devices to interoperate so as to implement UPBO.
For the Huawei access device, UPBO parameters include standard parameters defined in ITU-
T Recommendations G.993.2 and G.997.1, and non-standard parameters customized for carriers
(see Table 4-2 for details), which can be configured by running the xdsl upbo-profile add
command.

VDSL2 Access
Table 4-2 UPBO parameters
Parameter Description Definition Setting
Upstream electrical Indicates the l It is defined in ITU-T l This parameter refers to

length electrical Recommendation G.997.1 Electrical length for the xdsl
length of the and is similar to "Electrical upbo-profile add command, and
line. length" defined in ITU-T it must be set when Force CO-
Recommendation G.993.2. MIB electrical length is set to
It is represented by kl0 in override.
the UPBO PSD mask l A carrier that requires the
calculation formula. override mode must provide this
l It is equivalent to the parameter, the value of which is
attenuation (dB) of a given associated with cable
loop that has the ideal specifications. It is recommended
attenuation feature at the 1 to use the auto mode, in which
MHz frequency. case this parameter does not
require configuring.

VDSL2 Access
Force CO-MIB Specifies Defined in ITU-T This parameter refers to Will you
electrical length whether CPE Recommendation G.997.1, it force the CPE to use the electrical
must use the indicates how CPE obtains length to compute the UPBO in the
electrical kl0. xdsl upbo-profile add command.
length Based on the options provided in the
configured on standard, the following values are
CO to designed for this parameter:
calculate the l auto: optional. CPE selects a
UPBO PSD proper way of obtaining kl0. The
mask.
following ways are available for
CPE:
– 1-max(kl0_CO,kl0_CPE):
The greater one of the kl0
values calculated by CO and
CPE applies.
– 2-min(kl0_CO,kl0_CPE):
The smaller one of the kl0
values calculated by CO and
CPE applies.
– 3-kl0_CO: The kl0 value
calculated by CO applies.
– 4-kl0_CPE: The kl0 value
calculated by CPE applies.
These four ways are carrier-
customized and beyond the scope
of the standard. Carriers will
choose a proper way for CPE to
obtain kl0. If carriers do not
choose one, 2-min
(kl0_CO,kl0_CPE) is
recommended. In addition, the
selected way applies only when
UPBO electrical length
estimation mode is set to 0-
ELE_M0.
l override: mandatory. CPE must
use kl0 configured on CO (or the
above-mentioned Electrical
length parameter).
l disableUPBO: UPBO is disabled.

VDSL2 Access
UPBO reference PSD Calculates UPBOPSD is a key parameter l This parameter refers to UPBO
per band UPBOPSD in the formula for calculating reference PSD per band for the
for the UPBO PSD mask and includes xdsl upbo-profile add
upstream and two sub-parameters: command, and sub-parameters a
downstream l Sub-parameter a: ranges and b need to be set for different
bands (except from 40 dBm/Hz to 80.95 upstream bands.
US0). dBm/Hz and changes at a l The values of sub-parameters a
step of 0.01 dBm/Hz. and b vary according to regions.
l Sub-parameter b: ranges Some Annex appendixes in ITU-
from 0 dBm/Hz to 40.95 T Recommendation G.993.2 and
dBm/Hz and changes at a region-specific standards, such as
step of 0.01 dBm/Hz. T1.417, ETSI101388, and
ETSI101271 define reference
values and calculation methods
for the two sub-parameters.
Generally, carriers specify values
for the two sub-parameters.
UPBO reference Indicates ITU-T Recommendation G. l This parameter refers to UPBO

electrical length per kl0_REF of 993.2 defines the following reference electrical length per
band each upstream methods for calculating the band of the xdsl upbo-profile
band (except UPBO PSD mask: add command, and it needs to be
US0). l Reference PSD UPBO set for different upstream bands.
method (mandatory) l Generally, carriers configure the
l Equalized FEXT UPBO parameter value. If carriers do not
method (optional): The configure the parameter value,
calculation includes a far- refer to the reference values and
end crosstalk factor and calculation methods defined in
therefore is more accurate. ITU-T Recommendation G.
993.2 and region-specific
The device, regardless of its standards, such as T1.417,
supplier, must support the first ETSI101388, and ETSI101271.
method. The second method is
optional and is not supported
by some CPEs. When the
second method is used,
kl0_REF is required, which
refers to the far-end crosstalk
factor.kl0_REF ranges from 1.8
dB to 63.5 dB and changes at a
step of 0.1 dB. The value 0
indicates not using the far-end
crosstalk factor.

VDSL2 Access
UPBO electrical length Indicates the l This parameter is defined l This parameter refers to UPBO
estimation mode mode for in ITU-T Recommendation electrical length estimation
estimating the G.997.1 and refers to mode of the xdsl upbo-profile
UPBO Electrical Length add command and is generally
electrical Estimation Method specified by carriers.
length. defined in ITU-T l This parameter has a lower
Recommendation G.993.2. priority than Force CO-MIB
It indicates how CO and electrical length. In other words,
CPE estimate kl0. the parameter setting applies to
l ITU-T Recommendation UPBO PSD mask calculation
G.993.2 defines the only when Force CO-MIB
following modes of electrical length is set to auto.
estimating kl0:
– 0-ELE_M0
– 1-ELE_DS
– 2-ELE_PB
– 3-ELE_MIN
l When Force CO-MIB
electrical length is set to
auto, CO and CPE estimate
kl0 using the calculation
method specified by this
parameter.
UPBO electrical length Indicates the l This parameter is defined l This parameter refers to UPBO
threshold percentile minimum in ITU-T Recommendation electrical length threshold
threshold G.997.1 and refers to percentile of the xdsl upbo-
percentile of UPBO Electrical Length profile add command and is
the UPBO Minimum Threshold generally specified by carriers or
electrical (UPBOELMT) in the set to default.
length. ITU-T Recommendation l The parameter setting applies to
G.993.2-defined UPBO UPBO PSD mask calculation
PSD mask calculation only when UPBO electrical
formula. length estimation mode is set to
l This parameter will be used a mode other than ELE_M0.
in the UPBO PSD mask
calculation formula only
when UPBO electrical
length estimation mode is
set to a mode other than
ELE_M0.

VDSL2 Access
UPBO Boost Mode Enables or l Not all devices support the This parameter refers to UPBO
disables calculation that includes Boost Mode of the xdsl upbo-
forcible the far-end crosstalk factor. profile add command. Set this
correction of Though CPE does not parameter according to carriers'
kl0. support the far-end requirements.
crosstalk factor, some
carriers may require the
far-end crosstalk factor to
be effective. To address
this requirement,
correction of kl0 can be
enabled. Then CO sends
the corrected kl0
calculation formula to CPE
in order to forcibly correct
kl0 estimated by CPE,
achieving similar
calculation including the
far-end crosstalk factor.
l This parameter is not a
standard parameter.
4.3.4 RFI Notching

VDSL2 uses a wide range of frequencies, with the highest frequency of 30 MHz, which covers
the medium wave, short wave, and ham radio. Therefore, VDSL2 has to provide a solution to
radio frequency interference (RFI). There are complex RFI factors, and the conventional
countermeasures against RFI are not cost-effective. RFI lasts long and has such a narrow
interference band that it is densely populated on one or several tones. RFI notching is introduced
to resolve the issue.
Figure 4-19 Working principle of RFI notching

VDSL2 Access
RFI notching means leaving some RFI-free tones unused to counteract RFI. Though RFI
notching sacrifices some line transmission rate, it is effective. When the tones are left unused,
the transmit PSD will be decreased to below the ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2-defined -80
dBm/Hz but not to none. If the tones can still carry bits with the transmit PSD below -80 dBm/
Hz, the tones will carry some bits. This is how RFI notching differs from tone blackout.
In practical application, if the RFI power is intensive (no specific benchmark for the intensity),
RFI notching may fail to eliminate RFI. In this case, tone blackout can black out the interference-
suffering tones to avoid RFI.
On the Huawei access device, users can run the xdsl rfi-profile add command to configure RFI
notching. The RFI notching band cannot be over-extensive or include the pilot tone; otherwise,
the line may fail to be activated.
NOTE
The system determines the pilot tones in line with ITU-T Recommendation G.994.1. Users can identify
the pilot tones by comparing the spectrum profile against the ITU-T Recommendation G.994.1. Generally,
the RFI notching band has a high frequency while the pilot tone has a low frequency, and they are less
likely to intersect.
4.4 VDSL2 PTM Bonding

VDSL2 packet transfer mode (PTM) bonding, or VDSL2 Ethernet in the first mile (EFM)
bonding, is implemented in line with ITU-T Recommendation G.998.2. It extends the access
distance while maintaining a constant access rate or increases the access rate while maintaining
a constant access distance, by means of bonding.
Figure 4-20 shows a comparison of rate-to-distance curves with and without bonding (based on
26AWG twisted pairs, under lab conditions).
Figure 4-20 Rate-to-distance curves (with and without bonding, taking 2-pair bonding as an
example)

VDSL2 Access
When VDSL2 PTM bonding is configured, CO divides one Ethernet packet into multiple
fragments and distributes them over multiple lines leading to CPE. CPE then assembles the
received fragments. The system runs the IEEE 802.3ah protocol to divide Ethernet packets and
distribute fragments. During bonding initialization, CO and CPE run the ITU-T
Recommendation G.994.1 to negotiate on bonding.
VDSL2 PTM Bonding Configuration
Bonded VDSL2 ports form a bonding group, one serving as the master port and others as member
ports, as shown in the following figure. Services can be configured only on the master port in a
bonding group.
Figure 4-21 Application of VDSL2 PTM bonding (taking 2-pair bonding as an example)

VDSL2 Access
Special Topic 5 VDSL2 Deployment and Maintenance
5 VDSL2 Deployment and Maintenance
About This Chapter
5.1 VDSL2 Network Applications

This topic describes the network applications of the VDSL2 access feature.
5.2 VDSL2 Engineering Precautions

The quality of the DSL feature depends on the line quality. Take the following precautions when
deploying the VDSL2 feature.
5.3 Brief Introduction to VDSL2 Configurations and Applications

This section describes roadmap for VDSL2 configurations and applications.
5.4 Configuring VDSL2 Access

VDSL2 service configuration includes VDSL2 profile configuration and VDSL2 user port
configuration. This topic describes the detailed configuration methods and procedures.
5.5 VDSL2 Maintenance and Fault Diagnosis

There are many maintenance and fault diagnosis methods for DSL lines. The following describes
the common faults and troubleshooting methods.

VDSL2 Access
5.1 VDSL2 Network Applications

This topic describes the network applications of the VDSL2 access feature.
Figure 5-1 VDSL2 network applications

xDSL
Phone
TV STB
Splitter
PC
ADSL/ADSL2+ CPE VDSL2
VDSL2 CPE
PC
Splitter
TV STB
OLT/MSAN/DSLAM
Phone
FTTx+xDSL
Phone
PON
TV STB IPTV Server
Splitter
PC VD
SL
ADSL/ADSL2+ CPE 2
VDSL2 CPE 2
SL Optical
PC VD ONU
splitter
Splitter
TV STB
Phone
As shown in the figure above, typical scenarios of VDSL2 network application are as follows.
1. The MA5600T/MA5603T/MA5608T directly provides the VDSL2 access.

On the user side, VDSL2 CPEs (working in the PTM mode) or ADSL/ADSL2+ CPEs
(working in the ATM mode) can be connected to the MA5600T/MA5603T/MA5608T to
provide high-speed Internet access service, video service and public switched telephone
network (PSTN) voice service for subscribers.
2. The MA5600T/MA5603T/MA5608T provides PON optical ports for connecting to ONUs
and the ONUs provide the VDSL2 access.
The ONUs are placed on street side or in corridors. In the downstream direction, the ONUs
provide the VDSL2 access for subscribers; in the upstream direction, the ONUs are

VDSL2 Access
connected to the MA5600T/MA5603T/MA5608T by PON. The FTTx+VDSL2 network

topology addresses the distance restriction on the VDSL2 access.
5.2 VDSL2 Engineering Precautions

The quality of the DSL feature depends on the line quality. Take the following precautions when
deploying the VDSL2 feature.
1. It is recommended that the line distance be smaller than 1000 meters.

VDSL2 requires high working frequency. For long distance transmission, the attenuation
is large and the high frequency data traffic decreases. After a distance of 1.2 km, VDSL2
has similar performance as ADSL2+.
2. It is recommended that the diameter of twisted pairs be 0.4 mm or larger.
For a cable with a certain length, a smaller cable diameter results in a larger loop resistance
and signal attenuation. In some projects, parallel cables are used as drop cables. This is not
standard because it will cause many issues, such as reduced line activation rates and even
line activation failures. Therefore, ensure that standard twisted pairs are used as drop cables.
3. A protective unit using a gas discharge tube is recommended for the main distribution frame
(MDF).
4. ADSL2+ splitters cannot be used at the user end. Instead, ADSL2+/VDSL2 compatible
splitters or dedicated VDSL2 splitters must be used.
ADSL2+ splitters cannot meet the requirements of VDSL2 in terms of the frequency
response and line longitudinal balance in the high frequency. These two indicators
determine the performance of the VDSL2 feature and may result in a failure in VDSL2 line
activation or frequent disconnections in worst cases.
5. The insertion attenuation between the wiring terminal and fiber distribution terminal (FDT)
is small. Even so, make sure that they are in good contact, cables are routed properly and
connected securely, and wiring terminals are in good condition, to prevent unexpected
signal attenuation and crosstalk and therefore to ensure the stability of the VDSL2 feature.
6. Prevent line aging caused by factors such as line exposure.
7. Avoid bridge taps in the subscriber line loop.
A bridge tap is an idle twisted pair with one end connecting to the trunk cable or FDT and
the other end open. It is usually used to ensure the flexibility of subscriber line loops. A
bridge tap results in resistance mismatch. Signal reflection occurs at a bridge tap and
therefore the signal attenuation is very large. This greatly affects the activation rate of
VDSL2.
In an actual project, a cable is used to connect the subscriber splitter and telephone terminal.
If the cable does not connect to a telephone terminal, it is called a bridge tap. The impact
of a bridge tap on the VDSL2 upstream and downstream rates increases with the length of
the bridge tap.
8. No telecommunication devices are configured between the splitter and the drop cable
connected to the user,
including fax machines, phone extensions, IP dialers, audio modems, and anti-theft devices.
These devices can only be connected to the telephone outlet of the splitter. If multiple voice
devices are configured between the splitter and the drop cable connected to the user, a
splitter must be configured in front of each voice device.

VDSL2 Access
9. The drop cable connected to the user must stay away from household appliances, such as
air conditioner outdoor units, refrigerators, and sound boxes. Otherwise, industrial
frequency noise will increase.
5.3 Brief Introduction to VDSL2 Configurations and

Applications
This section describes roadmap for VDSL2 configurations and applications.
VDSL2 line configuration involves two types of important parameters, shown in Figure 5-2.
Figure 5-2 Diagram for VDSL2 line parameter configuration
1. Set spectrum planning parameters (for details, see 3.1 Overview of VDSL2 Spectrum
Planning).
a. Choose an appropriate transmission mode (that is, the applied standard and Annex
type) depending on the DSL network plan and deployment.
b. Choose a spectrum profile (8 in total, 8a-30a) depending on requirements for
spectrum parameters.
c. Configure PSD profiles based on power spectrum requirements. (You can choose an
Annex-defined limit PSD mask or manually configure a MIB PSD mask.)
2. Set anti-noise parameters to achieve a balance between performance and reliability (for
details, see 4.2 Key Techniques for Improving Line Protection and 4.3 Techniques for
Reducing Interference).

VDSL2 Access
Various noise interferences exist on a subscriber digital line. VDSL2 provides a number
of countermeasures to improve line stability, achieving higher line quality, and a lower
packet loss ratio and bit error ratio. In most cases, stability is improved at the expense of
line performance, for example, by reducing the activation rate or prolonging service latency.
It is necessary, therefore, to set appropriate line parameters to achieve a balance between
line reliability and performance. Table 5-1 lists the impact of various noise-cancellation
countermeasures on line performance.
Table 5-1 Impact of countermeasures on line performance
Category Countermeasure Activation Rate Affected Service Latency

or Not Prolonged or Not
Improving line Interleaving forward error Yes Yes

protection correction (FEC)
capabilities
(passive Configurable INP Yes Yes
defense parameters
against noise Physical layer Yes Yes
interference) retransmission (G.INP)
Configurable noise margin Yes No
Bit swapping No No
Seamless rate adaptation No; the line rate is Yes (SRA may change the
(SRA) dynamically adjusted after a interleaving depth, resulting
line is activated. in latency deviations.)
SOS No; the line rate is Yes (SRA is usually required

dynamically adjusted after a for the use of SOS and service
line is activated. latency will be prolonged.)
Tone blackout Yes No
Virtual noise Yes No
Reducing Configurable PSD mask Yes No

interference
output Downstream power back-off Yes No
(DPBO)
These
countermeasur Upstream power back-off Yes No
es mitigate the (UPBO)
impact of a line
on other
transmission
systems. To
achieve this,
noise
interference on
the line must
be reduced,
mainly using

VDSL2 Access
Category Countermeasure Activation Rate Affected Service Latency

or Not Prolonged or Not
power RFI notching Yes No
spectrum
density (PSD)
shaping
Table 5-2 lists techniques that counter different types of noises.
Table 5-2 Types of noises and countermeasures
Noise Type Noise Characteristics Countermeasure Description
Pulse noises Pulse noises are intensive, l Interleaving FEC l Interleaving FEC, when
brief (micro- or milliseconds), l Configurable INP used with erasure
and cover the entire frequency parameters decoding, significantly
band. improves system noise
l Physical layer resistance.
Pulse noise may derive from retransmission (G.INP)
on-hook/off-hook of l To help users select
telephones, power-on/power- appropriate INP parameter
off of home appliances, or values during
natural electricity discharge. configuration, VDSL2
introduces the impulse
noise monitoring (INM)
technique.
For details on erasure
decoding and INM, see
Configurable INP
Parameters.

VDSL2 Access
Noise Type Noise Characteristics Countermeasure Description
Environmental Noise that lasts a long period Bit swapping In ITU-T Recommendation
noises, such as of time (microseconds), G.993.2, bit swapping, SRA,
background covers a narrow spectrum and SOS are on-line
noise and noise range, has a weak intensity, reconfiguration (OLR)
caused by and changes slowly. techniques.
changes in Such a noise may come from
temperature or amateur radio interference
relative (such as that generated by
humidity remotely-controlled toys) and
levels. may overlap with radio
frequency interference (RFI)
described below.
Noise that lasts a long period SRA

of time (seconds), covers a
wide spectrum range, has a
weak intensity, and changes
slowly.
Noise that lasts a long period SOS

of time (seconds), covers a
wide spectrum range, has a
strong intensity, and changes
fast.
Noise that lasts a long period l Configurable noise The configurable noise
of time (seconds), covers a margin margin technique is widely
wide spectrum range, and has l Virtual noise used.
a constant intensity.
RFI RFI noise covers a narrow l RFI notching The RFI notching technique
spectrum range, and l Tone blackout is recommended.
interference occurs mostly on
one or more tones. l Bit swapping
This type of noise mainly

derives from broadcast and
amateur radio
communication.
Inter-line Inter-line crosstalk refers to l DPBO The DPBO or UPBO

crosstalk the noise caused by crosstalk l UPBO technique is recommended.
between lines in a bundle, and
it is associated with l PSD mask
distribution of DSLAMs, l Bit swapping
distance to users, and l SOS
coexistence of ADSL and
l Configurable noise
VDSL2.
margin
l Virtual noise

VDSL2 Access
5.4 Configuring VDSL2 Access

VDSL2 service configuration includes VDSL2 profile configuration and VDSL2 user port
configuration. This topic describes the detailed configuration methods and procedures.
5.4.1 Overview of Configuring VDSL2 Templates and Profiles

As mentioned in Brief Introduction to VDSL2 Configurations and Applications, spectrum
parameter and anti-noise parameter configurations are the key points in VDSL2 line parameter
configuration. Spectrum and anti-noise parameters are configured in a VDSL2 line parameter
profile. In addition to the line parameter profile, the VDSL2 alarm template can be configured
to facilitate line maintenance. After the line parameter profile and alarm template are configured,
they can be used for activating DSL ports.
Context
The device supports three VDSL2 modes: normal (TR129), TI, and TR165. Run the switch vdsl
mode to to switch between the modes. By default, the TR129 mode is used.
The alarm template configuration is the same for the three modes but the line parameter profile
configuration varies with the VDSL2 mode.
5.4.2 Configuring a VDSL2 Alarm Template

A VDSL2 alarm template that is used for activating ports consists of a line alarm profile and a
channel alarm profile.
Context
In most cases, there is no need to configure a VDSL2 alarm template. You can use the default
alarm template 1.
If you want to configure the VDSL2 alarm template, follow the process described in Figure
5-3.

VDSL2 Access
Figure 5-3 Flowchart for configuring a VDSL2 alarm template
Procedure
Step 1 Configure a VDSL2 line alarm profile.
Run the vdsl alarm-profile quickadd command to quickly add a VDSL2 line alarm profile, or
run the interactive command vdsl alarm-profile add to add a VDSL2 line alarm profile.
Step 2 Configure a VDSL2 channel alarm profile.
Run the vdsl channel-alarm-profile quickadd command to quickly add a VDSL2 channel
alarm profile, or run the interactive command vdsl channel-alarm-profile add to add a VDSL2
channel alarm profile.
Step 3 Configure a VDSL2 alarm template.
Run the vdsl alarm-template quickadd command to quickly add a VDSL2 alarm template, or
run the interactive command vdsl alarm-template add to add a VDSL2 alarm template.
The main parameters are as follows:
l line alarm-profile-index: indicates the line alarm profile in the alarm template. If this
parameter is required, configure it prior to channel1.
l channel1 channel1-alarm-profile-index: indicates the channel alarm profile for channel 1 in
the alarm template.

VDSL2 Access
l channel1 channel1-alarm-profile-index: indicates the channel alarm profile for channel 2 in

the alarm template. Channel 2 is unavailable and this configuration will not take effect.
Therefore, there is no need to set this parameter.
Step 4 Check if the configurations in the alarm template agree with the data plan.
Run the display vdsl alarm-template command to check if the configurations in the alarm
template agree with the data plan.
After the alarm template is successfully configured, it can be directly used for activating VDSL2
ports.
----End
Example
To add alarm template 3 that uses channel alarm profile 1 (default) and line alarm profile 2 with
alarming upon receiving error sample packets disabled, do as follows:
huawei(config)#vdsl alarm-profile quickadd 2 received-ES-abnormal-alarm disable
huawei(config)#vdsl alarm-template quickadd 3 line 2 channel1 1
huawei(config)#display vdsl alarm-template 3
5.4.3 Configuring a VDSL2 Line Parameter Profile

A VDSL2 line parameter profile is the key for VDSL2 service configurations. This topic
describes how to configure the VDSL2 line parameter profiles in different VDSL2 modes.
Prerequisites
Run the display xdsl mode command to check whether the VDSL2 mode is the desired mode.
The default mode is TR129.
If the current mode is not the desired one, run the switch vdsl mode to command in diagnose
mode to switch the mode to the desired mode.
NOTE
When both the ADSL2+ and VDSL2 modes are TR165, the configured profile is used by both ADSL2+
and VDSL2 ports. If only one of the ADSL2+ and VDSL2 modes is TR165, the configured profile is used
only by the one in TR165 mode.
Typical Configuration Reference

Key parameters to be configured do not vary with the VDSL2 mode but belong to different
profiles. Hence, commands for configuring the key parameters vary with the VDSL2 mode.
Table 5-3 lists the typical configurations for key parameters of a VDSL2 line (26 AWG, 0.4
mm twisted pair). Information provided in this table is for reference only. Usually, take the
default values for the other parameters.

VDSL2 Access
Table 5-3 Typical configurations for key parameters of a VDSL2 line (0.4 mm twisted pair)
Parameter Access Distance Remarks
< 300 m 300–500 m 500–800 m 800–1000 m
Selected VDSL2 profile 17a 12a 8b, 12a 8b -
PSD mask B8-11 B8-6 (998- B8-6 (998- B8-6 (998- -

(998ADE1 M2x-B) M2x-B) M2x-B)
7-M2x-A)
Enable US0 (U0) Yes Yes Yes Yes Enable US0 if the
distance is longer
than 500 m.
Maximum transmit rate 50 Mbit/s 40 Mbit/s 25 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s l Limiting the

downstream upstream and
downstream
Maximum transmit rate 15 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s 5 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s rates ensures
upstream a higher
signal-to-
noise ratio
(SNR) margin
for the line
and therefore
enhances its
capability for
withstanding
noise and
interference.
l The rates can
be specified
using these
two
parameters
and also can
be specified
in the traffic
profile. When
they are
specified in
both ways, the
actual
activation rate
is determined
by the smaller
one.
Minimum INP 2 symbols 2 symbols 2 symbols 2 symbols -
Target SNR margin 8 dB 8 dB 8 dB 8 dB -

VDSL2 Access
Parameter Access Distance Remarks
< 300 m 300–500 m 500–800 m 800–1000 m
Path mode PTM PTM PTM PTM If a line is

activated in
VDSL2 mode,
the path mode
can only be PTM;
if a line is
activated in
ADSL, ADSL2,
or ADSL2+
mode, the path
mode can only be
ATM. If the
configured path
mode is
inconsistent with
the mode
supported by the
actual physical
line, the board
adapts the mode
to the one it
supports to
guarantee
successful line
activation first.
The specified
path mode is the
same as the actual
mode used in the
activation of a
VDSL2 line.
Hence, it does
not need to be
set during data
configuration.
Configuration Process
Figure 5-4 shows the process for configuring a VDSL2 line parameter profile in TR129 mode.

VDSL2 Access
Figure 5-4 Flowchart for configuring a VDSL2 line parameter profile - TR129 mode
Figure 5-5 shows the process for configuring a VDSL2 line parameter profile in TI mode.

VDSL2 Access
Figure 5-5 Flowchart for configuring a VDSL2 line parameter profile - TI mode
Figure 5-6 shows the process for configuring a VDSL2 line parameter profile in TR165 mode.

VDSL2 Access
Figure 5-6 Flowchart for configuring a VDSL2 line parameter profile - TR165 mode

VDSL2 Access
Procedure
l Do as follows to configure a VDSL2 line parameter profile when the VDSL2 mode is
TR129:
1. Configure a VDSL2 line profile.
Run the vdsl line-profile quickadd command to quickly add a VDSL2 line profile;
or run the interactive command vdsl line-profile add to add a VDSL2 line profile.
2. Configure a VDSL2 channel profile.
Run the vdsl channel-profile quickadd command to quickly add a VDSL2 channel
profile, or run the interactive command vdsl channel-profile add to add a VDSL2
channel profile.
3. Configure a VDSL2 line template.
Run the vdsl line-template quickadd command to quickly add a line template; or run
the interactive command vdsl line-template add to add a line template.
The line template binds the line profile and channel profile. Only the line template is
used to activate VDSL2 ports.
l Do as follows to configure a VDSL2 line parameter profile when the VDSL2 mode is TI:
1. Configure a VDSL2 service profile.
Run the vdsl service-profile quickadd command to quickly add a VDSL2 service
profile, or run the interactive command vdsl service-profile add to add a VDSL2
service profile.
2. Configure a VDSL2 spectrum profile.
Run the vdsl spectrum-profile quickadd command to add a VDSL2 spectrum profile,
or run the interactive command vdsl spectrum-profile add to add a VDSL2 spectrum
profile.
3. Configure a VDSL2 INP-delay profile.
Run the vdsl delay-inp-profile quickadd command to add a VDSL2 INP-delay

profile, or run the interactive command vdsl delay-inp-profile add to add a VDSL2
INP-delay profile.
4. Configure a VDSL2 SNR margin profile.
Run the vdsl noise-margin-profile quickadd command to add a VDSL2 SNR margin
profile, or run the interactive command vdsl noise-margin-profile add to add a
VDSL2 SNR margin profile.
5. Configure a VDSL2 UPBO profile.
Run the vdsl upbo-profile quickadd command to quickly add a VDSL2 UPBO
profile, or run the interactive command vdsl upbo-profile add to add a VDSL2 UPBO
profile.
6. Configure a VDSL2 DPBO profile.
Run the vdsl dpbo-profile quickadd command to quickly add a VDSL2 DPBO
profile, or run the interactive command vdsl dpbo-profile add to add a VDSL2 DPBO
profile.
After a profile is successfully configured, it can be used for activating VDSL2 ports.

VDSL2 Access
l Do as follows to configure a VDSL2 line parameter profile when the VDSL2 mode is
TR165:
1. Configure service-related profiles.
a. Run the xdsl data-rate-profile quickadd command to quickly add an xDSL rate
profile, or run the interactive command xdsl data-rate-profile add to add an
xDSL rate profile.
NOTE
l When VDSL2 ports are activated in TR165 mode, the upstream rate profile and
downstream rate profile are used separately. The two profiles can be one profile.
However, they are usually two different profiles because the upstream and
downstream rates are different in actual practice.
l It is recommended that the Data path mode parameter in this command take the
default value. If this parameter does not take the default value, ensure that it has the
same value in the upstream and downstream rate profiles that are used for activating
a VDSL2 port.
2. Configure spectrum-related profiles.
a. Run the xdsl mode-specific-psd-profile quickadd command to quickly add an

xDSL-related PSD profile, or run the interactive command xdsl mode-specific-
psd-profile add to add an xDSL-related PSD profile.
b. Run the xdsl line-spectrum-profile quickadd command to quickly add an xDSL
spectrum profile, or run the interactive command xdsl line-spectrum-profile
add to add an xDSL spectrum profile.
c. Run the xdsl upbo-profile quickadd command to quickly add an xDSL UPBO
profile, or run the interactive command xdsl upbo-profile add to add an xDSL
UPBO profile.
d. Run the xdsl dpbo-profile quickadd command to quickly add an xDSL DPBO
profile, or run the interactive command xdsl dpbo-profile add to add an xDSL
DPBO profile.
e. Run the xdsl rfi-profile quickadd command to quickly add an xDSL RFI profile,
or run the interactive command xdsl rfi-profile add to add an xDSL RFI profile.
When spectrum-related profiles (except mode specific PSD profiles) are successfully
configured, they can be used for activating ADSL2+ and VDSL2 ports. Mode specific
PSD profiles are not directly used for activating ports but are used in spectrum-related
profiles.
3. Configure service quality-related profiles.
a. Run the xdsl inp-delay-profile quickadd command to quickly add an xDSL

INP-delay profile, or run the interactive command xdsl inp-delay-profile add
to add an xDSL INP-delay profile.
b. Run the xdsl noise-margin-profile quickadd command to quickly add an xDSL
SNR margin profile, or run the interactive command xdsl noise-margin-profile
add to add an xDSL SNR margin profile.
c. Run the xdsl sos-profile quickadd command to quickly add an xDSL SOS
profile, or run the interactive command xdsl sos-profile add to add an xDSL
SOS profile.

VDSL2 Access
d. Run the xdsl virtual-noise-profile quickadd command to quickly add an xDSL

virtual noise profile, or run the interactive command xdsl virtual-noise-profile
add to add an xDSL virtual noise profile.
e. Run the xdsl inm-profile quickadd command to quickly add an xDSL impulse
noise monitor profile or run the interactive command xdsl inm-profile add to
add an xDSL pulse noise monitor profile.
NOTE
Users can determine the INP value based on the obtained INMAINPEQi and INMAIATi
histogram to protect the line stability.
l INM inter arrival time offset: indicates the INM inter-arrival time offset (INMIATO).
It determines the INMAIATi histogram parameter range with INMIATS. It also
determines the start point of IAT.
l INM inter arrival time step: indicates the INM inter-arrival time step (INMIATS). It
determines the INMAIATi histogram parameter range with INMIATO. It also determines
the precision of IAT.
l INM cluster continuation value: indicates the INM cluster continuation (INMCC) value.
It identifies a cluster and indicates the maximum number of consecutive undamaged DMT
symbols allowed in a cluster.
l INM equivalent INP mode: Indicates the INM equivalent impulse noise protection (INP)
mode. The method of calculating the equivalent INP varies according to the mode. Mode
3 is recommended because the algorithm for the mode is better than the algorithms for
modes 0, 1, and 2.
After service quality-related profiles are successfully configured, they can be used for
activating ADSL2+ and VDSL2 ports.
----End
Example
NOTE
output prevails.
Assume that:
l VDSL2 mode: TR129
l VDSL2 access distance: 290 m
l Profile to be configured: VDSL2 line parameter profile
Refer to the configuration described in Table 5-3. Since the access distance is smaller than 300
m, the detailed configuration procedure is as follows.
huawei(config)#vdsl line-profile add
{ <cr>|profile-index<U><2,770> }:6
Command:
vdsl line-profile add 6
Start adding profile
Press 'Q' to quit the current configuration and new configuration will be
neglected
> Do you want to name the profile? (y/n) [n]:
> Transmission mode:
> 0: Custom
> 1: All (G.992.1~5,T1.413,G.993.2)
> 2: Full rate (G.992.1/3/5,T1.413,G.993.2)
> 3: G.DMT (G.992.1/3/5,G.993.2)

VDSL2 Access
> 4: G.HS (G.992.1~5,G.993.2)

> 5: ADSL (G.992.1~5,T1.413)
> 6: VDSL (G.993.2)
> Bit swap downstream 1-disable 2-enable (1~2) [2]:
> Bit swap upstream 1-disable 2-enable (1~2) [2]:
> Please select the form of transmit rate adaptation downstream:
> 1-fixed, 2-adaptAtStartup, 3-adaptAtRuntime, 4-adaptAtRuntimewithsos (1~4) [
2]:
> Please select the form of transmit rate adaptation upstream:
2]:
> Will you set SNR margin parameters? (y/n) [n]:y
> Target SNR margin downstream (0~310 0.1dB) [60]:80 //Note that the
parameter value is expressed in 0.1 dB.
> Minimum SNR margin downstream (0~80 0.1dB) [0]:
> Maximum SNR margin downstream (80~310 0.1dB) [300]:
> Target SNR margin upstream (0~310 0.1dB) [60]:80 //Note that the parameter
value is expressed in 0.1 dB.
> Minimum SNR margin upstream (0~80 0.1dB) [0]:
> Maximum SNR margin upstream (80~310 0.1dB) [300]:
> Will you set DPBO parameters? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set UPBO parameters? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set power management parameters? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set RFI notch configuration parameter? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set ADSL tone blackout configuration parameter? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set VDSL tone blackout configuration parameter? (y/n) [n]:
> 1-defmode
> 1-defmode
> G.993.2 profile:
> 1-Profile8a 2-Profile8b 3-Profile8c 4-Profile8d
> 5-Profile12a 6-Profile12b 7-Profile17a 8-Profile30a
> Please select (1~8) [5]:7
> VDSL2 PSD class mask:
> 1-AnnexA998-D-32 2-AnnexA998-D-64
> 3-AnnexBHPE17-M1-NUS0(B7-7) 4-AnnexB997E17-M2x-A(B7-9)
> 5-AnnexB998E17-M2x-NUS0(B8-8) 6-AnnexB998E17-M2x-NUS0-M(B8-9)
> 7-AnnexB998ADE17-M2x-NUS0-M(B8-10) 8-AnnexB998ADE17-M2x-B(B8-12)
> 9-AnnexB998ADE17-M2x-A(B8-11) 10-AnnexA998-D-48
> 11-AnnexA998-D-128 12-AnnexB998ADE17-M2x-M(B8-17)
> VDSL2 link use of U0 1-unused, 2-used (1~2) [1]:2 //Enable US0.
> Maximum nominal aggregate transmit power downstream
> (-255~145 0.1dBm) [145]:
> Maximum nominal aggregate transmit power upstream
> (-255~145 0.1dBm) [145]:
> Will you set PSD mask value downstream parameter? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set PSD mask value upstream parameter? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set Upstream PSD mask selection parameter? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set transmitter referred virtual noise parameters? (y/n) [n]:
> 1-defmode
> Please select 1-Add 2-Modify 3-Save and quit [3]:
> Will you set network timing reference? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set INM parameter? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set SOS downstream parameter? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set SOS upstream parameter? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set the G.998.4 retransmission function? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set force framer setting for inp? (y/n) [n]:
Add profile 6 successfully
huawei(config)#vdsl channel-profile add


VDSL2 Access
Command:
vdsl channel-profile add 6
neglected
> Data path mode 1-ATM, 2-PTM, 3-Both (1~3) [3]:
> Will you set the minimum impulse noise protection? (y/n) [n]:y
> Minimum impulse noise protection downstream:
> 1-noProtection 2-halfSymbol 3-singleSymbol 4-twoSymbols
> 5-threeSymbols 6-fourSymbols 7-fiveSymbols 8-sixSymbols
> 9-sevenSymbols 10-eightSymbols 11-nineSymbols 12-tenSymbols
> 13-elevenSymbols 14-twelveSymbols 15-thirteenSymbols 16-fourteenSymbols
> 17-fifteenSymbols 18-sixteenSymbols
> Minimum impulse noise protection upstream:
> Will you set interleaving delay parameters? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set parameters for rate? (y/n) [n]:y
> Minimum transmit rate downstream (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Minimum reserved transmit rate downstream (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Maximum transmit rate downstream (32~200000 Kbps) [200000]:50000
> Minimum transmit rate upstream (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Minimum reserved transmit rate upstream (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Maximum transmit rate upstream (32~200000 Kbps) [200000]:15000
> Will you set rate thresholds? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set PHY-R function? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set erasure decoding? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set SOS bit rate? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set channel initialization policy selection? (y/n) [n]:
huawei(config)#vdsl line-template add

{ <cr>|template-index<U><2,770> }:6
Command:
vdsl line-template add 6
Start adding template
neglected
> Do you want to name the template? (y/n) [n]:y
> Please input template name:VDSL2-PORT1
> Please set the line-profile index (1~770) [1]:6
> Will you set channel configuration parameters? (y/n) [n]:y
> Please set the channel number (1~2) [1]:1 //Configurations are required
only for channel 1.
> Channel1 configuration parameters:
> Please set the channel-profile index (1~770) [1]:6
Add template 6 successfully
Assume that:
l VDSL2 mode: TI
Refer to the configuration described in Table 5-3. Since the access distance is smaller than 300

VDSL2 Access
huawei(config)#vdsl service-profile add

Command:
vdsl service-profile add 2
neglected
> Do you want to name the profile? (y/n) [n]:y
> Please input profile name:VDSL2-PORT1
> Data path mode 1-ATM, 2-PTM (1~2) [2]:
> Bit swap downstream 1-enable 2-disable (1~2) [1]:
> Bit swap upstream 1-enable 2-disable (1~2) [1]:
> Form of transmit rate adaptation:
> 1-manual, 2-adaptAtInit, 3-dynamic (1~3) [2]:
> Will you set parameters for rate of bearer 1? (y/n) [n]:y
> Minimum data rate downstream (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Minimum reserved data rate downstream (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Maximum data rate downstream (32~200000 Kbps) [200000]:50000
> Minimum data rate in low power state downstream (32~50000 Kbps) [32]:
> Minimum data rate upstream (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Minimum reserved data rate upstream (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Maximum data rate upstream (32~200000 Kbps) [200000]:15000
> Minimum data rate in low power state upstream (32~15000 Kbps) [32]:
> Will you enable bearer 2? (y/n) [n]:
huawei(config)#vdsl spectrum-profile add

Command:
vdsl spectrum-profile add 2
neglected
> 0: Custom
> 1: All (G.992.1~5,T1.413,G.993.2)
> 2: Full rate (G.992.1/3/5,T1.413,G.993.2)
> 3: G.DMT (G.992.1/3/5,G.993.2)
> 4: G.HS (G.992.1~5,G.993.2)
> 5: ADSL (G.992.1~5,T1.413)
> 6: VDSL (G.993.2)
> 1-defmode
> 1-defmode
> (-255~205 0.1dBm) [200]:
> (-255~205 0.1dBm) [125]:
> Maximum aggregate receive power upstream
> value from -255(code as 0) to 255(code as 510)in steps of 1
> (0~510 0.1dBm) [380]:

VDSL2 Access
> Will you set G.993.2 mode parameters? (y/n) [n]:y

> Current configured G.993.2 modes:
> 7-17a<1> //The default mode for VDSL2 profiles is
17a and therefore no change is required.
> 1-defmode
huawei(config)#vdsl delay-inp-profile add

Command:
vdsl delay-inp-profile add 2
neglected
> Force inp flag 1.force, 2.auto (1~2) [1]:
> Enable or disable retransmission function in downstream of bearer 1:
> 1-enable, 2-disable (1~2) [2]:
> Enable or disable retransmission function in upstream of bearer 1:
> Will you set interleaving delay parameters of bearer 1? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set the minimum impulse noise protection of bearer 1? (y/n) [n]:y //
Minimum INP needs to be set only for channel 1.
> Enable or disable retransmission function in downstream of bearer 2:
> Enable or disable retransmission function in upstream of bearer 2:
> Will you set interleaving delay parameters of bearer 2? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set the minimum impulse noise protection of bearer 2? (y/n) [n]:
huawei(config)#vdsl noise-margin-profile add

Command:
vdsl noise-margin-profile add 2
neglected

VDSL2 Access

> Will you set SRA margin parameters? (y/n) [n]:
Assume that:
l VDSL2 mode: TR165
Refer to the configuration described in Table 5-3. Since the access distance is greater than 800
huawei(config)#xdsl data-rate-profile add
Command:
xdsl data-rate-profile add 7
neglected
> Do you want to set the description of the profile? (y/n) [n]:y
> Please input profile description:VDSL2-PORT1-DS //The limited
upstream and downstream rates are different. This profile is for limiting the
downstream rate.
> Minimum data rate (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Minimum reserved data rate (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Maximum data rate (32~200000 Kbps) [200000]:20000 ///The downstream
rate is limited to 20 Mbit/s.
> Minimum data rate in low power state (32~20000 Kbps) [32]:
> The ratio between L2 minimum rate and L0 rate (0~99 %) [0]:
> Maximum data rate in low power state (32~200000 Kbps) [4000]:
> Maximum bit error ratio 1-eminus3, 2-eminus5, 3-eminus7 (1~3) [2]:
> Data rate threshold upshift (0~200000 Kbps) [0]:
> Data rate threshold downshift (0~200000 Kbps) [0]:
> Data path mode 1-ATM, 2-PTM, 3-Both (1~3) [3]: //The default value
is recommended.
> Minimum SOS bit rate(Kbps) (0~65535) [8]:
huawei(config)#xdsl data-rate-profile add

Command:
xdsl data-rate-profile add 8
neglected
> Do you want to set the description of the profile? (y/n) [n]:y
> Please input profile description:VDSL2-PORT1-US //The limited
upstream and downstream rates are different. This profile is for limiting the
upstream rate.
> Minimum data rate (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Minimum reserved data rate (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Maximum data rate (32~200000 Kbps) [200000]:2000 //The upstream rate
is limited to 2 Mbit/s.
> Minimum data rate in low power state (32~20000 Kbps) [32]:
> The ratio between L2 minimum rate and L0 rate (0~99 %) [0]:
> Maximum data rate in low power state (32~200000 Kbps) [4000]:
> Maximum bit error ratio 1-eminus3, 2-eminus5, 3-eminus7 (1~3) [2]:
> Data rate threshold upshift (0~200000 Kbps) [0]:

VDSL2 Access
> Data rate threshold downshift (0~200000 Kbps) [0]:

> Data path mode 1-ATM, 2-PTM, 3-Both (1~3) [3]: //The default value
is recommended.
> Minimum SOS bit rate(Kbps) (0~65535) [8]:
huawei(config)#xdsl mode-specific-psd-profile add

Command:
xdsl mode-specific-psd-profile add 5
neglected
> Do you want to set the description of the profile? (y/n) [n]:
> Maximum nominal transmit PSD downstream
> (300~600 -0.1dBm/Hz) [400]:
> Maximum nominal transmit PSD upstream
> (300~600 -0.1dBm/Hz) [380]:
> (-255~205 0.1dBm) [200]:
> (-255~205 0.1dBm) [125]:
> Maximum aggregate receive power upstream
> value from -255(code as 0) to 255(code as 510)in steps of 1
> (0~510 0.1dBm) [380]:
> Upstream PSD mask selection(ADSL mode):
> 1-ADLU-32/EU-32 2-ADLU-36/EU-36
> 3-ADLU-40/EU-40 4-ADLU-44/EU-44
> 5-ADLU-48/EU-48 6-ADLU-52/EU-52
> 7-ADLU-56/EU-56 8-ADLU-60/EU-60
> 9-ADLU-64/EU-64
> VDSL2 PSD mask class selection:
> 1-Class 998 Annex A or Class 997-M1c Annex B or Class 998-B Annex C
> 2-Class 997-M1x Annex B or Class 998-CO Annex C
> 6-Class 998ADE-M2x Annex B
> 7-Class HPE-M1 Annex B
> Please select (1~7) [5]:5 //According to the recommended
configurations, PSD mask is B8-6(998-M2x-B), which belongs to the classmask defined
by parameter 5.
> Will you set VDSL2 limit PSD masks? (y/n) [n]:y
> Current LIMITMASK for each CLASSMASK you can choose:
> Profile8a/b/c/d:
> 1: Limit1: M2x-A 2: Limit2: M2x-B
> 3: Limit3: M2x-M 4: Limit4: M2x-NUS0
> Profile12a/12b:
> 5: Limit1: M2x-A 6: Limit2: M2x-B
> 7: Limit3: M2x-M 8: Limit4: M2x-NUS0
> Profile17a:
> 9: Limit1: E17-M2x-NUS0 10: Limit2: E17-M2x-NUS0-M
> 11: Limit3: E17-M2x-A
> Profile30a:
> 12: Limit1: E30-M2x-NUS0 13: Limit2: E30-M2x-NUS0-M
> Please select (1~13) [6]:2 //According to the recommended
configurations, PSD mask is B8-6(998-M2x-B), which belongs to the limitmask defined
by parameter 2.
> Will you set the use of US0 for Profile8 series limit PSD mask? (y/n) [n]:y
> The use of US0 for Profile8 series limit PSD mask:
Limit2: M2x-B 1-Unused 2-Used [1]: 2

VDSL2 Access
huawei(config)#xdsl line-spectrum-profile add

Command:
xdsl line-spectrum-profile add 5
neglected
> 0: Custom
> 1: All (G.992.1~5, T1.413, ETSI, G.993.2)
> 2: Full rate (G.992.1/3/5, T1.413, ETSI, G.993.2)
> 3: G.DMT (G.992.1/3/5, G.993.2)
> 4: G.HS (G.992.1~5, G.993.2)
> 5: ADSL (G.992.1~5, ETSI, T1.413)
> 6: VDSL2 (G.993.2)
> 7: ADSL2 & ADSL2+ (G.992.3~5)
> Minimum overhead rate upstream (4000~248000 bps) [4000]:
> Minimum overhead rate downstream (4000~248000 bps) [4000]:
> Will you set G.993.2 profiles? (y/n) [n]:y
> Current configured profiles:
> 5-Profile12a
> Please select 1-Delete 2-Save and quit [2]:1
> 5-Profile12a
> Current configured profiles: -
> Please add new profiles:
> Please select [1]:2 //Change it the desired profile 8b.
> Current configured profiles:
> 2-Profile8b
> Please select 1-Delete 2-Save and quit [2]:
> Will you set US0 PSD masks? (y/n) [n]:
> Optional cyclic extension flag 1-disable, 2-enable (1~2) [1]:
> Force framer setting for inp downstream 1-false, 2-true (1~2) [1]:
> Force framer setting for inp upstream 1-false, 2-true (1~2) [1]:
> 1-defmode
> 1-defmode
> Please select the mode specific PSD profile index (1~4294967294) [1]:5 //
Use the configured mode specific PSD profile 5.
> 1-defmode
huawei(config)#xdsl inp-delay-profile add

Command:
xdsl inp-delay-profile add 2

VDSL2 Access
neglected
> Will you set the minimum impulse noise protection transported over DMT
> symbols with a subcarrier spacing of 4.3125 KHz? (y/n) [n]:y //In 8b
profile, Tone Spacing is 4.3125 KHz. Set the minimum INP.
> Will you set the minimum impulse noise protection transported over DMT
> symbols with a subcarrier spacing of 8.625 KHz? (y/n) [n]:
> Maximum delay variation, it ranges from 0.1 to 25.4 in steps of 0.1 ms
> A special value 255 indicates that no delay variation bound is imposed
> (1~255 0.1ms) [255]:
> Channel initialization policy selection (0~2) [0]:
huawei(config)#xdsl noise-margin-profile add

Command:
xdsl noise-margin-profile add 2
neglected
> Will you set signal-to-noise ratio mode parameters? (y/n) [n]:
> 1-fixed, 2-adaptAtStartup, 3-adaptAtRuntime (1~3) [2]:
> 1-fixed, 2-adaptAtStartup, 3-adaptAtRuntime (1~3) [2]:
5.4.4 Configuring VDSL2 Line Bonding

To ensure longer access distance at the same access rate or higher access rate in the same access
distance, configure VDSL2 line bonding.
Prerequisites
l The port to be bound has no service flow.
l The port to be bound is in the activating or deactivated state.

VDSL2 Access
NOTE
An xDSL port can be in any of the following states: activating, activated, deactivated, and loopback.
Procedure
Step 1 Create a bonding group.
In global config mode, run the bonding-group add command to create a bonding group.
Key parameters:
l primary-port: indicates the primary port in the bonding group. After a bonding group is
created, service flows can be created only on the primary port.
l scheme: indicates the local bonding mode, which can be ATM, EFM, or TDIM. For a
VDSL2 PTM bonding group, the local bonding mode must be set to EFM.
l peer-scheme: indicates the peer bonding mode, which must be the same as scheme.
Step 2 Add member ports for a bonding group.
Run the bonding-group link add command to add a member port.

NOTE
One member port is added each time this command is executed.
Step 3 (Optional) Create a bonding group profile.
Run the xdsl bonding-group-profile add command to create a bonding group profile and set
line parameters for ports in the bonding group.
l There is a default profile: profile 1.

l The priority of the bonding group profile is higher than the line parameter profiles of the
ports in the bonding group. When both the bonding group profile and line parameter profiles
of the ports are used, the bonding group profile takes effect. If the maximum and minimum
upstream/downstream transmission rates are set to 0, the rates are not limited in the bonding
group profile and are determined by the rate limits specified in the line parameter profiles of
the ports.
Step 4 Activate a bonding group.
Run the active bonding-group command to activate a bonding group.
Step 5 Query information about a bonding group.
Run the display bonding-group command to query information about a bonding group.
----End
Example
To add VDSL2 ports 0/2/0 and 0/2/1 to bonding group 1 (0/2/0 is the primary port) and activate
the bonding group using bonding group profile 1, do as follows:
huawei(config)#bonding-group add 1 primary-port 0/2/0 scheme efm peer-scheme efm
huawei(config)#bonding-group link add 1 0/2/1
huawei(config)#active bonding-group 1 profile-index 1

VDSL2 Access
5.4.5 Configuring VDSL2 User Ports

xDSL ports must be activated before they are used to transmit services. This topic describes how
to activate VDSL2 ports and enables the ports to use VDSL2 profiles.
Prerequisites
Configuring VDSL2 profiles has been completed based on the data plan.
Procedure
l Do as follows to configure the VDSL2 user ports when the VDSL2 mode is TR129:
1. In global config mode, run the interface vdsl command to enter the VDSL mode.
2. Run the deactivate command to deactivate VDSL2 ports.
3. Run the activate command to activate VDSL2 ports and enable them to use the
VDSL2 line template.
4. Run the alarm-config command to enable the VDSL2 ports to use the VDSL2 alarm
template.
l Do as follows to configure the VDSL2 user ports when the VDSL2 mode is TI:
3. Run the activate command to activate VDSL2 ports and enable them to use VDSL2
line parameter profiles.
template.
l Do as follows to configure the VDSL2 user ports when the VDSL2 mode is TR165:
3. Run the activate command to activate VDSL2 ports and enable them to use VDSL2
line parameter profiles.
template.
----End
Example
In TR129 mode, to activate VDSL2 port 0/2/0 and enable the port to use VDSL2 alarm template
3 configured in the "Example" section of 5.4.2 Configuring a VDSL2 Alarm Template and
VDSL2 line template 6 configured in the "Example" section of 5.4.3 Configuring a VDSL2
Line Parameter Profile, do as follows:
huawei(config)#interface vdsl 0/2
huawei(config-if-vdsl-0/2)#deactivate 0
huawei(config-if-vdsl-0/2)#activate 0 template-index 6
huawei(config-if-vdsl-0/2)#alarm-config 0 3
5.4.6 Configuring A/V Adaptation for VDSL2 Lines

VDSL2 is compatible with ADSL, ADSL2, and ADSL2+. Hence, in addition to the VDSL2
mode, a VDSL2 line can be activated in ADSL, ADSL2, or ADSL2+ mode. The activation mode

VDSL2 Access
can be set to A/V adaptation for a VDSL2 line so that the line can adapt to a proper activation
mode according to the type of the connected modem.
Context
The A/V adaptation process of a VDSL2 line is as follows:
1. During the activation of a VDSL2 port, the training is initiated on the central office (CO)
device and customer premises equipment (CPE). During the training, CO and CPE devices
exchanges their capability information (that is, the Transmission mode). Different
transmission modes have different priorities. For example, the priority of VDSL2 (G.993.2)
is higher than that of ADSL2+ (G.992.5). Based on the intersection capabilities, CO and
CPE devices select an optimal transmission mode for negotiation and then line activation
after a successful negotiation. If the line can be activated, the negotiation stops. Otherwise,
CO and CPE devices select the transmission mode with the next priority level for
negotiation. This process repeats until the negotiation succeeds and the port is activated.
Hence, to achieve A/V adaptation, ensure that the Transmission mode specified for the
CO device includes all VDSL2, ADSL, ADSL2, and ADSL2+ standards and Annex types.
2. ADSL/ADSL2/ADSL2+ and VDSL2 use different packet encapsulation modes. Therefore,
the packet encapsulation mode must be configured using either of the following methods:
l Traditional configuration: The ports activated in VDSL2 mode are encapsulated in PTM
mode and those activated in ADSL/ADSL2/ADSL2+ mode are encapsulated in ATM
mode.
In traditional configuration, to implement A/V adaptation, one PTM service flow and
one ATM service flow must be configured for one VDSL2 port. After the configuration,
the MA5600T/MA5603T/MA5608T determines which service flow takes effect based
on the port activation mode, ensuring successful user service access.
l Special configuration: The ports activated in VDSL2 or ADSL2/ADSL2+ mode are
encapsulated in PTM mode. This configuration applies when the DSLAM matches the
upper-layer device or OSS for special service connections. This configuration cannot
be used if the ports are activated in ADSL mode. In this case, use the traditional
configuration.
In special configuration, only one PTM service flow needs to be configured for one
VDSL2 port.
The following describes how to set the transmission mode and configure PTM and ATM service
flows.
NOTE
In addition to enabling a line to adapt to a proper activation mode according to the type of the connected
modem, the A/V adaptation function can also be used in a long-distance VDSL2 transmission scenario. In
this scenario, even if VDSL2 modems are used as terminals, the line may fail to be activated in VDSL2
mode because of poor line quality. If A/V adaptation is not enabled, line activation fails; if A/V adaptation
is enabled and the VDSL2 modems can work in ATM mode, the line can be activated in ADSL, ADSL2,
or ADSL2+ mode. This scenario is rare and is not recommended. If the transmission distance is longer
than 1.2 km, ADSL2+ access mode is recommended. In the long-distance VDSL2 transmission scenario,
A/V adaptation must be configured at the CO device and corresponding configuration must be made on
VDSL2 modems. That is, PTM and ATM service flows must be configured. For details about the
configuration procedures, see the user guide for the modem.

VDSL2 Access
Procedure
Step 1 When configuring the line parameter profiles, ensure that the Transmission mode includes all
VDSL2, ADSL, ADSL2, and ADSL2+ standards and Annex types, for example, the default
value "1: All (G.992.1~5,T1.413,G.993.2)".
In TR129 mode, run the vdsl line-profile add command to set Transmission mode; in TI mode,
run the vdsl spectrum-profile add command to set Transmission mode; in TR165 mode, run
the xdsl line-spectrum-profile add command to set Transmission mode.
Step 2 If traditional configuration is used, run the service-port command to configure one PTM service
flow and one ATM service flow for one VDSL2 port. If special configuration is used, in diagnosis
mode, run the xdsl adsl-ptm-mode enable command to enable ADSL PTM globally. Then, in
global config mode, run the service-port command to configure one PTM service flow for one
VDSL2 port.
----End
Example
NOTE
output prevails.
To configure A/V adaptation for VDSL2 port 0/2/0 in TR129 mode (the line parameters are the
same as those in the "Example" section of 5.4.3 Configuring a VDSL2 Line Parameter
Profile), do as follows:
//Configuring VDSL2 line parameter profile
huawei(config)#vdsl line-profile add
Command:
vdsl line-profile add 6
neglected
> 0: Custom
> 1: All (G.992.1~5,T1.413,G.993.2)
> 2: Full rate (G.992.1/3/5,T1.413,G.993.2)
> 3: G.DMT (G.992.1/3/5,G.993.2)
> 4: G.HS (G.992.1~5,G.993.2)
> 5: ADSL (G.992.1~5,T1.413)
> 6: VDSL (G.993.2)
> Please select (0~6) [1]: //Select the default value, which includes
all VDSL2, ADSL, ADSL2, and ADSL2+ standards and Annex types.
2]:
2]:

VDSL2 Access

> Will you set DPBO parameters? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set UPBO parameters? (y/n) [n]:
> 1-defmode
> 1-defmode
> G.993.2 profile:
> VDSL2 PSD class mask:
> 1-AnnexA998-D-32 2-AnnexA998-D-64
> 3-AnnexBHPE17-M1-NUS0(B7-7) 4-AnnexB997E17-M2x-A(B7-9)
> 5-AnnexB998E17-M2x-NUS0(B8-8) 6-AnnexB998E17-M2x-NUS0-M(B8-9)
> 7-AnnexB998ADE17-M2x-NUS0-M(B8-10) 8-AnnexB998ADE17-M2x-B(B8-12)
> 9-AnnexB998ADE17-M2x-A(B8-11) 10-AnnexA998-D-48
> 11-AnnexA998-D-128 12-AnnexB998ADE17-M2x-M(B8-17)
> VDSL2 link use of U0 1-unused, 2-used (1~2) [1]:2 //Enable US0.
> (-255~145 0.1dBm) [145]:
> (-255~145 0.1dBm) [145]:
> Will you set Upstream PSD mask selection parameter? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set transmitter referred virtual noise parameters? (y/n) [n]:
> 1-defmode
> Will you set INM parameter? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set SOS downstream parameter? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set SOS upstream parameter? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set force framer setting for inp? (y/n) [n]:
huawei(config)#vdsl channel-profile add
Command:
vdsl channel-profile add 6
neglected
> Data path mode 1-ATM, 2-PTM, 3-Both (1~3) [3]:
> Will you set the minimum impulse noise protection? (y/n) [n]:y

VDSL2 Access

> Will you set parameters for rate? (y/n) [n]:y
> Minimum transmit rate downstream (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Minimum reserved transmit rate downstream (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Maximum transmit rate downstream (32~200000 Kbps) [200000]:50000
> Minimum transmit rate upstream (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Minimum reserved transmit rate upstream (32~200000 Kbps) [32]:
> Maximum transmit rate upstream (32~200000 Kbps) [200000]:15000
> Will you set PHY-R function? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set erasure decoding? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set SOS bit rate? (y/n) [n]:
> Will you set channel initialization policy selection? (y/n) [n]:
huawei(config)#vdsl line-template add
{ <cr>|template-index<U><2,770> }:6
Command:
vdsl line-template add 6
Start adding template
neglected
> Do you want to name the template? (y/n) [n]:y
> Please input template name:VDSL2-PORT1
> Please set the line-profile index (1~770) [1]:6
> Will you set channel configuration parameters? (y/n) [n]:y
> Please set the channel number (1~2) [1]:1 //Configurations are required
only for channel 1.
> Channel1 configuration parameters:
> Please set the channel-profile index (1~770) [1]:6
Add template 6 successfully
//Configuring VDSL2 user port

huawei(config)#interface vdsl 0/2
huawei(config-if-vdsl-0/2)#deactivate 0
huawei(config-if-vdsl-0/2)#activate 0 template-index 6
huawei(config-if-vdsl-0/2)#alarm-config 0 1 //Use the default alarm template
1.
huawei(config-if-vdsl-0/2)#quit
//Configuring service ports (Run the following commands in traditional

configuration.)
huawei(config)#service-port 2 vlan 100 vdsl mode ptm 0/2/0 //Configure a PTM
service flow.
huawei(config)#service-port 3 vlan 100 vdsl mode atm 0/2/0 vpi 0 vci 35 //
Configure an ATM service flow.
//Configuring service ports (Run the following command in special configuration.)

huawei(config)#diagnose
huawei(diagnose)%%xdsl adsl-ptm-mode enable
huawei(diagnose)%%config
huawei(config)#service-port 2 vlan 100 vdsl mode ptm 0/2/0 //Configure a PTM
service flow.
5.5 VDSL2 Maintenance and Fault Diagnosis

There are many maintenance and fault diagnosis methods for DSL lines. The following describes
the common faults and troubleshooting methods.

VDSL2 Access
5.5.1 Common VDSL2 Line Faults and Troubleshooting Methods

The diagnosis and troubleshooting methods for common VDSL2 line faults are described to
facilitate line maintenance.
Common Faults on VDSL2 Lines

1. When the line is activated for the first time,
l The line fails to be activated.

l The activation rate is slow.
2. When the line is normal operation, the line quality degrades and consequently the line rate
decreases or even the line is deactivated.
Alarms and events involved in these faults are as follows:
l 0x29100001 The ring topology in the subscriber port is found

l 0x3d300003 The VDSL port is automatically deactivated due to loss of signal(LOS) or loss
of frame(LOF)
l 0x3d300006 The line performance statistics of the VDSL port reach the threshold
l 0x3d300007 The xDSL channel downstream rate is lower than the threshold
l 0x3d300009 It fails to activate the port by using the VDSL line configuration parameters
l 0x3d30000a The channel performance statistics of the VDSL port reach the threshold
l 0x3d30000b The xDSL channel upstream rate is lower than the threshold
l 0x3d30001a The VDSL port activated rate change
Causes of the Common Faults
Table 5-4 Causes of the common VDSL2 line faults
Reason Description Troubleshooting
Physical There are engineering 1. Resolve the engineering issues by referring to 5.2
lines are issues. For example, the VDSL2 Engineering Precautions.
of poor physical line is not 2. In global config mode, run the display event
quality. securely connected or history command to check if the related events
deteriorates. have been generated. If yes, clear the event by
referring to the Alarm and Event Handling.
There is a loop in In global config mode, run the display alarm history
subscriber lines. alarmid 0x29110001 command to check if a loop
alarm has been generated. If yes, communicate with
the subscriber that owns the alarming port and help the
subscriber check its line connections and release the
loop.

VDSL2 Access
There are interference Check if there are strong interference sources around
sources around DSL subscriber lines, such as a wireless base station and
lines. high-frequency switch-mode power supply.
1. Remove the interference sources as much as
possible or reroute the subscriber lines.
2. You can also deal with the interference by 4.3.4
RFI Notching, 4.2.8 Tone Blackout, increasing
SNR margin, or limiting the activation rate.
The VDSL2 board or Rectify the fault by referring to 5.5.2 Loopback on a

port is faulty. VDSL2 Port.
The The performance of the First, reset the modem; if noneffective, replace the
modem modem is poor or the modem.
malfunct modem is unstable, or
ions. the modem is faulty.
Line US0 is not enabled for a Enable US0 for a long line (such as a line with a length
paramete long line. more than 500 m).
rs are 1. For the TR129 and TI modes, run the display
improper parameter command in the VDSL mode to check
ly if the value of VDSL2 link use of U0 is Used; for
configur the TR165 mode, run the display xdsl mode-
ed. specific-psd-profile profile-index command to
check if the value of US0 config for VDSL2 PSD
LIMITMASK is Used. If not, enable US0 by
referring to 5.4.3 Configuring a VDSL2 Line
Parameter Profile and then reactivate the port
using the new profile.
2. In global config mode, run the display event
history command to check if the related events
have been generated. If yes, clear the event by
The target SNR margin 1. In VDSL mode, run the display line operation
is improperly command to check if the value of Line SNR
configured. A large margin downstream/upstream is proper
margin may decrease compared with the historical values or the value of
the activation rate and a a functional port. If the value is improper, follow
small margin may instructions provided in 5.4.3 Configuring a
affect the stability of the VDSL2 Line Parameter Profile to modify SNR
line. Margin configurations. Then reactivate the port
using the new profile.
2. In global config mode, run the display event
history command to check if the related events
have been generated. If yes, clear the event by

VDSL2 Access
The minimum INP is 1. In VDSL mode, run the display parameter

improperly configured. command to check if the values of Minimum
There is a restrictive impulse noise protection downstream/
relationship between upstream and Maximum interleaving delay
INP and line activation downstream/upstream are proper. If the values
rate. Under a certain are improper, follow the instructions provided in
interleave depth, the 5.4.3 Configuring a VDSL2 Line Parameter
line activation rate Profile to modify the configurations of the
decreases with the minimum INP and maximum interleave delay.
increase of the INP Then reactivate the port using the new profile.
value. If the minimum 2. In global config mode, run the display event
INP is large (for history command to check if the related events
example, 16), the have been generated. If yes, clear the event by
maximum interleave referring to the Alarm and Event Handling.
delay must also be large
(for example, 63 ms). If
the minimum INP is
large while the
maximum interleave
delay is small, the line
activation rate will be
low or even the
activation fails.
5.5.2 Loopback on a VDSL2 Port

This section describes how to perform a loopback on a very-high-speed digital subscriber line
2 (VDSL2) port to locate a VDSL2 service fault. A loopback on a VDSL2 port can be performed
to determine whether the service board housing the VDSL2 port is communicating with the
backplane properly.
Prerequisites
l The VDSL2 port is deactivated.
l The VDSL2 service ran properly before the fault occurred. (This confirms that a
downstream service flow exists between the control board and the VDSL2 service board).
Impact on the System

l When a VDSL2 port is executing loopback operations, the port cannot forward packets
properly, and all services carried on the port are interrupted.
l If a VDSL2 port is not isolated before executing loopback operations, a broadcast storm
may occur on the device and affect services carried on other ports.
You must, therefore, set a loopback duration before starting the loopback, or run the undo
loopback command to cancel the loopback immediately after it is complete.

VDSL2 Access
Procedure
Step 1 Run the loopback command in VDSL mode to start a loopback on a VDSL2 port.
NOTE
Port loopback is classified as local loopback and remote loopback. For details about local loopback and
remote loopback, see section Reference in the following section. VDSL2 ports support only local loopback.
For example, run the following command to start a local loopback on port 0/1/0:
huawei(config-if-vdsl-0/1)#loopback 0 local
Step 2 If the VDSL board is working in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), run the atm-ping
command in VDSL mode to check the connectivity of the loopback channel. If the VDSL board
is working in packet transfer mode (PTM), use an external testing device, such as the SmartBits,
to check the connectivity of the loopback channel by sending packets to the service board.
If, for example, the virtual path identifier (VPI) and virtual channel identifier (VCI) of the tested
service flow on port 0/1/0 is 0/35, and the port is working in ATM mode, run the following
command to check the connectivity of the loopback channel set up in Step 1:
huawei(config-if-vdsl-0/1)#atm-ping 0 0 35
NOTE
l If the ping operation is successful and no packets are lost, the loopback channel is connected.
l If the ping operation fails, the channel is broken.
l If the ping operation is successful but some packets are lost, the channel is faulty.
Step 3 Run the undo loopback command to cancel the loopback after the loopback operation is
complete.
NOTE
A port on which a loopback is being performed cannot be activated.
----End
Reference
Introduction to local loopback
Local loopback, also called inloop, near-end loopback, or central office (CO) loopback, is a
loopback performed from the port processing module of a service board to the backplane. In this
loopback, signals are sent from the backplane to the port processing module, and then be sent
back to the backplane. The following figure shows a local loopback.
Figure 5-7 Local loopback

VDSL2 Access
A local loopback checks whether the service channel between the control board and the service
board is working properly. When a service failure occurs, this operation can be used to locate
faults that occur on the control board or on the logic chip or board chipset of a service board.
Remote Loopback
Remote loopback, also called outloop, refers to the loopback from the port processing module
inside the board to the subscriber line. In remote loopback, the signals between the user-side
device (such as the modem) and the port signal receiving module directly return to the user-side
device through the port signal sending module over the subscriber line. The test aims to check
whether the upstream service between the customer premises equipment (CPE) and the board
is through, and whether packet loss exists. When the service failure occurs, the fault is located
on the CPE or the board chip set. The following figure shows the remote loopback.
Figure 5-8 Remote loopback

VDSL2 Access
Special Topic 6 VDSL2 Reference Standards and Protocols
6 VDSL2 Reference Standards and Protocols
The reference standards and protocols of the VDSL2 feature are as follows:
Table 6-1 Reference standards and protocols of the VDSL2 feature
Standard No. Description
ITU-T G.993.2 Very-high-speed digital subscriber line transceivers

2 (VDSL2)
ITU-T G.997.1 Physical layer management for digital subscriber line

(DSL) transceivers
ITU-T G.998.2 Ethernet-based multi-pair bonding
ITU-T G.998.4 Improved Impulse Noise Protection (INP) for DSL

Transceivers
ITU-T G.994.1 Handshake procedures for digital subscriber line

(DSL) transceivers
Broadband Forum TR-129 Protocol-Independent Management Model for Next

Generation DSL Technologies
Broadband Forum TR-165 Vector of Profiles
Broadband Forum TR-159 Management Framework for xDSL Bonding

VDSL2 Access A Appendix 1: Introduction to the VDSL2 Coding/Decoding
Special Topic Technologies
A Appendix 1: Introduction to the VDSL2

Coding/Decoding Technologies
VDSL2 coding/decoding is essential for improving line quality and performance.
DMT Modulation
DMT divides transmission bandwidth into n stand-alone or discrete sub-carriers (also called
tones) and performs orthogonal transforming on data segments in each sub-carrier. The most
common transforming method is discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The data rate of each sub-
carrier is 1/n of the entire data rate.
Pilot Tone
DMT requires strict clock synchronization between devices at both ends. For clock
synchronization, several pilot tones can be inserted to avoid wandering of frequency points.
Optional Cyclic Extension Length

DMT supports a cyclic extension between DMT symbols and uses the cyclic extension for
protection. This cyclic extension is also called cyclic prefix. A cyclic prefix eliminates the
interference caused by latency extension between DMT symbols but lowers the bandwidth
usage.
ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2 stipulates calculation of optional cyclic extension length.
Specifically, if the path conditions are unfavorable, the cyclic prefix can be extended to prolong
the protection interval, which helps eliminate interference between DMT symbols. If the path
conditions are favorable, the cyclic prefix can be narrowed to increase bandwidth usage.
The Huawei access device enables users to run commands to set Optional Cyclic Extension
Flag (enabled or disabled), which complies with ITU-T Recommendation G.997.1. Optional
Cyclic Extension Flag identifies whether to enable the optional cyclic extension. If it is enabled,
the algorithm for calculating the optional cyclic prefix is started; if it is disabled, the cyclic prefix
of a fixed length is used.
Scrambling
Data transmitted over the line may contain long strings of consecutive 0s or 1s. Such data may
interfere with the data of adjacent lines and cause incorrect or difficult delimitation on the peer

VDSL2 Access A Appendix 1: Introduction to the VDSL2 Coding/Decoding
Special Topic Technologies
device. The long strings of consecutive 0s or 1s must be processed to appear randomly generated
before signals are carried over a line. This is the purpose of scrambling.
Scrambling generally involves inserting a fixed-length sequence at the local end and removing
the sequence at the remote end. This inserted sequence keeps the signals stochastic over a line.
Trellis Coding
Common path coding techniques can be classified into convolutional coding and block coding.
Trellis coding is a code modulation technique that combines convolutional coding with the
digital modulation mode. The corresponding decoding technique is called Viterbi decoding.
The process of Trellis coding entails the redundancy of only one bit. Hence, Trellis coding
features a higher coding efficiency and a simplified coding mechanism. However, the
corresponding Viterbi decoding has a complicated process. Viterbi decoding can be divided into
hard decision (HD) and soft decision (SD). SD adds some probability weighted calculation to
the decoding process and thus Viterbi decoding has a stronger error correcting capability.
Trellis coding is mainly targeted at burst errors. It can correctly parse the discrete error bits in
the transmission and features strong code gaining and error correcting capabilities. The VDSL2
standard defines Trellis coding as mandatory for VDSL2 implementation.
FEC
In general, there are multiple error correction mechanisms. Some depend on the transmission
system itself to check the data and correct the errors after the data arrives at the peer end. Others
only check the data and do not correct the errors; if any error is detected, the data is retransmitted.
Forward error correction (FEC) belongs to the former category and applies to real-time services,
as such services do not tolerate the latency caused by retransmission. FEC is not exclusive to
DSL and is commonly used for error correction.
When applied in DSL, FEC uses Reed-Solomon (RS) coding and appends redundancy bytes to
the original data. These redundancy bytes identify and correct errors. All error correction
mechanisms have a trade-off in performance; accordingly, FEC sacrifices some bandwidth when
implemented.

VDSL2 Access
Special Topic B Appendix 2: VDSL2 Feature Glance
B Appendix 2: VDSL2 Feature Glance
View this contents to check whether the VDSL2 feature is valuable to your network.
VDSL2 Feature Glance

VDSL2 Access
Special Topic B Appendix 2: VDSL2 Feature Glance

VDSL2 Access
Special Topic C Appendix 3: Copper Line Technology Brochure and Poster
C Appendix 3: Copper Line Technology

Brochure and Poster
To learn the development trend and overview of copper line technologies, view the following
brochure and poster.
l Brochure of Copper Good for 100 Years

l Copper Good for 100 Years


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VDSL2 Access

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

About This Document

Involved Products and Versions

All products supporting All versions

Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

NOTE Calls attention to important information, best practices and

02 2015-09-21 l Added: SOS feature.

01 2014-11-05 This is the first release.

Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii

4 Key VDSL2 Techniques.............................................................................................................24

Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iv

5 VDSL2 Deployment and Maintenance...................................................................................54

6 VDSL2 Reference Standards and Protocols...........................................................................91

Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential v

1 Overview of Mainstream Copper Line

The future broadband requirement is continuously increasing. Continuous technological

Figure 1-1 Copper line technology development

Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

Table 1-1 Mainstream copper line technologies

Technology Description Parameter

ADSL is a technology for transmitting l Typical rate: 128 kbit/s to

VDSL2 is an extension of VDSL1. l Typical rate: 30 Mbit/s to 50

G.fast is a new high-bandwidth access l Typical rate: 500 Mbit/s to

Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 2

2 VDSL2 Access Introduction

VDSL2 is based on ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2 and is an extension to VDSL1, which is

The following are three prime drivers for VDSL2:

VDSL2 features the following highlights:

Figure 2-1 shows a comparison between VDSL2 and ADSL/ADSL2/ADSL2+/VDSL1 in terms

Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3

Figure 2-1 Comparison between VDSL2 and ADSL/ADSL2/ADSL2+/VDSL1 in terms of

The preceding figure shows that:

l VDSL2 provides a remarkably higher downstream rate than ADSL/ADSL2/ADSL2+/

Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 4

3 Basic VDSL2 Technologies

About This Chapter

3.1 Overview of VDSL2 Spectrum Planning

Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 5

3.8 Command Parameters for Limit PSD Masks

3.9 MIB PSD Mask

Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 6

3.1 Overview of VDSL2 Spectrum Planning

Figure 3-1 shows overall VDSL2 spectrum planning.

Figure 3-1 Overall VDSL2 spectrum planning

3.2 Annex Types and US/DS Frequency Band Planning

Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 7

Annex Types and Upstream/Downstream Band Plans

Figure 3-2 ADSL2+/VDSL2 upstream/downstream band plan

Issue 02 (2015-09-21) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 8

3.3 Command Parameters for US/DS Frequency Bands