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    Language Transfer

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    Sa Mira
    Language transfer refers to applying knowledge from one language to another. Positive transfer occurs when structures are the same, like leaving out subjects in Spanish and English. Negative transfer happens when structures differ, like using different rules for questions. Interlanguage is a learner's current version of the target language, changing over time. It can fossilize when learners lack opportunities to improve. Fossilization occurs when learners use incorrect structures that convey meaning, so correction is unnecessary. Reasons for fossilization include complacency and inability to overcome obstacles to native proficiency.

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    Language Transfer

    Uploaded by

    Sa Mira
    134 views3 pages
    Language transfer refers to applying knowledge from one language to another. Positive transfer occurs when structures are the same, like leaving out subjects in Spanish and English. Negative transfer happens when structures differ, like using different rules for questions. Interlanguage is a learner's current version of the target language, changing over time. It can fossilize when learners lack opportunities to improve. Fossilization occurs when learners use incorrect structures that convey meaning, so correction is unnecessary. Reasons for fossilization include complacency and inability to overcome obstacles to native proficiency.

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    Language Transfer 

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    Language transfer refers to applying knowledge from one language to another. Positive transfer occurs when structures are the same, like leaving out subjects in Spanish and English. Negative transfer happens when structures differ, like using different rules for questions. Interlanguage is a learner's current version of the target language, changing over time. It can fossilize when learners lack opportunities to improve. Fossilization occurs when learners use incorrect structures that convey meaning, so correction is unnecessary. Reasons for fossilization include complacency and inability to overcome obstacles to native proficiency.

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    134 views3 pages

    Language Transfer

    Uploaded by

    Sa Mira
    Language transfer refers to applying knowledge from one language to another. Positive transfer occurs when structures are the same, like leaving out subjects in Spanish and English. Negative transfer happens when structures differ, like using different rules for questions. Interlanguage is a learner's current version of the target language, changing over time. It can fossilize when learners lack opportunities to improve. Fossilization occurs when learners use incorrect structures that convey meaning, so correction is unnecessary. Reasons for fossilization include complacency and inability to overcome obstacles to native proficiency.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Language Transfer

    refers to speakers or writers applying knowledge from one language to another


    language.It is the transfer of linguistic features between languages in the speech
    repertoire of a bilingual or multilingual individual, whether from first (“L1”) to
    second (“L2”), second to first or many other relationships

    Positive and Negative Language Transfer

    When the relevant unit or structure of both languages is the same, linguistic
    interference can result in correct language production called positive transfer.For
    example, Spanish speakers learning English may say “Is raining” rather than “It is
    raining”, leaving out the subject of the sentence. French speakers learning English,
    however, do not usually make the same mistake. This is because sentence subjects
    can be left out in Spanish, but not in French.Language interference is most often
    discussed as a source of errors known as negative transfer, which occurs when
    speakers and writers transfer items and structures that are not the same in both
    languages.

    Interlanguage is the learner's current version of the language they are learning.
    Interlanguage changes all the time but can become fossilised language when the
    learners do not have the opportunity to improve.

    Example
    A learner who has lived in an English-speaking environment for many years but not
    attended classes or studied for some time has problems with reported speech and
    forming tag questions. His interlanguage has become fossilised.

    Interlanguage

    Interlanguage is the term for a dynamic linguistic system that has been developed
    by a learner of a second language (or L2) who has not become fully proficient yet
    but is approximating the target language: preserving some features of their first
    language (or L1), or overgeneralizing target language rules in speaking or writing
    the target language and creating innovations.Interlanguage work is a vibrant
    microcosm of linguistics. It is possible to apply an interlanguage perspective to
    learners’ underlying knowledge of the target language sound system
    (interlanguage phonology), grammar (morphology and syntax), vocabulary
    (lexicon), and language-use norms found among learners (interlanguage
    pragmatics).

    Fossilization

    Fossilization is the ‘freezing’ of the transition between the native language and the
    target language.Fossilization occurs when a L2 learner is capable of conveying
    message with current language knowledge, therefore the need to correct the
    form/structure is not required. Thus, the learner fossilizes the form instead of
    correcting it.

    Reasons for this phenomenon may be due to

    Complacency

    Inability to overcome the obstacles to acquiring native proficiency in the target


    language

    Fossilized Errors Examples

    Fossilized errors are usually made because of the influency of the mother
    tongue. These are some common mistakes students tend to make unless they are
    corrected

    I have 20 years old. ( Learner uses verb to have instead of verb to be)

    Do you know where is she? (Learner doesn’t know how to make embedded
    questions)

    She is long hair ( Learner uses verb to be instead of verb to have)

    The are two ways / modes of L2 development:

    The acquisition/learning hypothesis

    • Subconscious language acquisition

    • Conscious language learning

    The result of language acquisition … is subconscious. We are generally not

    consciously aware of the rules of the languages we have acquired. Instead, we

    have a ‘feel’ for the correctness. Grammatical sentences ‘sound’ right, or ‘feel’

    right, and errors feel wrong, even if we do not consciously know what rule was

    violated.

    We will use the term ‘learning’ henceforth to refer to conscious knowledge of a

    second language, knowing the rules, being aware of them, and being able to talk

    about them. In nontechnical terms, learning is ‘knowing about’ a language,


    known to most people as ‘grammar’ or ‘rules’. Some synonyms include formal

    knowledge of a language or explicit meaning.

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