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    Simple Linear Regression Analysis PDF

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    Meliodas Dono
    Simple linear regression allows analysis of the relationship between two continuous variables: a predictor (x) and response (y). It finds the best fitting straight line to describe their statistical relationship where y tends to increase or decrease with x but some scatter exists. The method of least squares is used to minimize the vertical differences between observed y values and the line to determine the line's equation. The coefficient of determination (R2) and correlation coefficient evaluate how well the line fits the data. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests if the regression model is statistically significant.

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    Simple Linear Regression Analysis PDF

    Uploaded by

    Meliodas Dono
    240 views16 pages
    Simple linear regression allows analysis of the relationship between two continuous variables: a predictor (x) and response (y). It finds the best fitting straight line to describe their statistical relationship where y tends to increase or decrease with x but some scatter exists. The method of least squares is used to minimize the vertical differences between observed y values and the line to determine the line's equation. The coefficient of determination (R2) and correlation coefficient evaluate how well the line fits the data. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests if the regression model is statistically significant.

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    Simple linear regression allows analysis of the relationship between two continuous variables: a predictor (x) and response (y). It finds the best fitting straight line to describe their statistical relationship where y tends to increase or decrease with x but some scatter exists. The method of least squares is used to minimize the vertical differences between observed y values and the line to determine the line's equation. The coefficient of determination (R2) and correlation coefficient evaluate how well the line fits the data. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests if the regression model is statistically significant.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    240 views16 pages

    Simple Linear Regression Analysis PDF

    Uploaded by

    Meliodas Dono
    Simple linear regression allows analysis of the relationship between two continuous variables: a predictor (x) and response (y). It finds the best fitting straight line to describe their statistical relationship where y tends to increase or decrease with x but some scatter exists. The method of least squares is used to minimize the vertical differences between observed y values and the line to determine the line's equation. The coefficient of determination (R2) and correlation coefficient evaluate how well the line fits the data. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests if the regression model is statistically significant.

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    Simple Linear Regression

    Analysis
    Prepared by: Engr. Allen Paul C. Alcantara
    Simple linear regression
    • A statistical method that allows us to summarize and study
    relationships between two continuous (quantitative) variables:
    • One variable, denoted x, is regarded as the predictor, explanatory,
    or independent variable.
    • The other variable, denoted y, is regarded as
    the response, outcome, or dependent variable.
    • Because the other terms are used less frequently today, we will use
    the "predictor" and "response" terms to refer to the
    variables x and y
    • Simple linear regression gets its adjective "simple" because it
    concerns the study of only one predictor variable.
    Types of Relationship
    • Deterministic (or functional) relationships. Here is an example of a
    deterministic relationship.

    • Note! that the observed (x, y) data points fall directly on a line. As you may
    remember, the relationship between degrees Fahrenheit and degrees
    Celsius is known to be:
    Types of Relationship
    • Here are some examples of other deterministic
    relationships that students from previous semesters have
    shared:
    – Circumference = π × diameter
    – Hooke's Law: Y = α + βX, where Y = amount of stretch in a
    spring, and X = applied weight.
    – Ohm's Law: I=V/r, where V = voltage applied, r = resistance,
    and I = current.
    – Boyle's Law: For a constant temperature, P = α/V,
    where P = pressure, α = constant for each gas, and V = volume
    of gas.
    • For each of these deterministic relationships, the
    equation exactly describes the relationship between the
    two variables.
    • But we are interested in statistical relationships,
    (probabilistic) in which the relationship between the
    variables is not perfect.
    Statistical Relationship
    •The response variable y is
    the mortality due to skin
    cancer (number of deaths
    per 10 million people) and
    the predictor variable x is the
    latitude (degrees North) at
    the center of each of 48
    states in the United States
    •There appears to be a
    negative linear relationship
    between latitude and
    mortality due to skin cancer,
    but the relationship is not
    perfect.
    •The plot exhibits some
    "trend," but it also exhibits
    some "scatter." Therefore, it
    is a statistical relationship,
    not a deterministic one.
    Best Fitting Line
    •In order to examine which of the two lines is
    a better fit, we first need to introduce some Equation of the best fitting line
    common notation:
    1. yi denotes the observed response
    for experimental unit i
    2. xi denotes the predictor value for
    experimental unit i
    3. ŷi is the predicted response (or
    fitted value) for experimental unit i
    How do we get the equation of the best fitting line?
    How do we get the equation of the best fitting line?
    Method of Least Squares
    Method of Least Squares
    The least squares procedure produces a line that minimizes the sum of squares of
    vertical deviations from the points to the line.
    COEFFICIENT OF DETERMINATION
    COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION
    ANALYSIS-OF-VARIANCE (ANOVA)
    A procedure whereby the total variation in the dependent variable
    is subdivided into meaningful components that are then observed
    and treated in a systematic fashion.
    ANALYSIS-OF-VARIANCE (ANOVA)

    Computed f – value > fα(1,n-2)


    Exercises
    Exercise

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