Pile Calculation-Silo

Vertical Load Carrying Capacity
As per IS : 2911 Part I / Sec 2 - 1979 (Appendix B) & IS :14593-1998
Axial Capacity of Piles in Soil - Static Formula
Ultimate Load Carrying Capacity (Qu) of a Pile is given by :

Qu = Ru + Rf
Where, Ru = Ultimate Base Resistance
Rf = Ultimate Shaft Resistance
The Ultimate Base Resistance of Pile is as follows:

Ru = Ap Nc Cp + Ap ( 0.5 D γ Nγ + Pd Nq )
The Ultimate Side Resistance of Pile due to friction is as follows:

n
Rf = α C' As+ Σ K Pdi tan δ Asi
i=1
Where; Ap = cross sectional area of pile toe

Nc = bearing capacity factor usually taken as " 9 "
Cp = average cohesion at pile tip
α = reduction factor
C' = average cohesion throughout the length of the pile
As = surface area of pile shaft
Ap = cross sectional area of pile toe
D = Diameter of pile
γ = effective unit weight of soil at pile toe
Pd = effective overburden pressure at pile toe
Nγ & Nq = bearing capacity factors depending upon the angle of internal friction "ϕ" at toe.
K = coefficient of Earth pressure
Pdi = effective overburden pressure for the " ith " layer where "i" varies from "1" to "n".
d = angle of wall friction between pile and soil, in degrees (may be taken equal to f).
Asi = surface area of pile stem in the " ith " layer where "i" varies from "1" to "n".
qc = uniaxial compressive strength of rock at toe, in T/m2 = 342 T/m2
[ According to Ref.book of Tomlinson,
Cu = Shear strength of rock below tip = 0.1 x qc
Table 7.5]
Ap = area of pile toe
ls = socket length into the rock, in m (Mimimum 3D or 4D for weathered rock) = 7.5
Cs = avg. shear strength of rock adjacent to the shaft in the soketed length in T/m2
d = 0.9 (Reccommended value as per IS 14593-1998)
Presented below is in tabular form the various soil parameters as encountered through the Bore hole
Bulk
Depth from Avg. SPT
Depth Density c ϕ
Layer Bed Value γb
N
BH-25 (m) (m) t / m3 kg / cm2 (degrees)
(Silo-1, 1 7.50 7.50 12 1.767 0.27 8
New) 2 5.00 12.50 16 1.824 0.34 3
3 13.00 25.50 Coal Strata (Weathered Rock)
4 3.00 28.50 Mudstone (Weathered Rock)
5 4.50 33.00 Sandstone (Weathered Rock)
Design Parameters
Pile Diameter = 0.900 m
K = 1.2
Cut off length = 2.00 m
Pile Length = 31.00 m
Calculated below is the Avg. Overburden pressure at different layers.
Depth of
Submerged Cumulative Avg.
Depth Strata Overburden
Density Overburden Overburden
from Bed Layer considering Pressure
γsub Pressure Pressure
cut off
3 2 3 3
(m) (m) t/m t/m t/m t/m
7.50 1 5.50 0.767 4.219 4.219 2.11
12.50 2 5.00 0.824 4.120 8.339 6.28
No. of Soil Layers Considered 2
25.50 3 13.00
28.50 4 3.00
33.00 5 2.50
No. of Rock Layers Considered 3
Q safe due friction for Soil
Depth Asi a Qu Qsafe

Factor of
Layer 2
α C' As K PDi tanδ Asi
(m) (m ) T Safety T
Layer 1 5.50 15.55 0.4 16.790 5.532
42.324 2.500 16.930
Layer 2 5.00 14.14 0.3 14.420 5.582
Where Bearing Capacity of pile in Rock Area of pile toe = 0.6361725

For Weathered Rock m2
cuNcAP+dcspDls
= 926.78 T
F.S. in rock = 6
Qsafe, rock = 154.463 t
Total Qsafe = 16.93 + 154.47

= 171.39 t
say 171.40 t
Hence, the vertical Load carrying capacity of the pile is taken as 171.4 ton in the design
Horizontal Load Carrying Capacity
As per IS : 2911 Part I / Sec 2 - 1979 (Appendix C)
1. Pile Diameter = 0.900 m

( Min grade M-25 as per
2. Concrete design mix strength = 25 Mpa Revised 2911 Part-1 (Sec-
2)-2010
3. Modulus of elasticity of Concrete ( Ec ) = 5000 x sqrt ( 25 )
= 250000.0 kg / cm2
4. Moment of Inertia ( I ) = P d4 / 64
4
= 0.03221 m
= 3220623.3 cm4
5. Embeded Length of Pile ( Le ) = 31.00 m ≥ 4R
18.57 m
The depth of fixity is determined from the codal provisions and the graph given there.
2
From Table we get K2 = 17.328 kg/cm
R = 464.28 cm
= 4.643 m
Hence; L1 /R = 0 / 4.643
= 0.00
Therefore from the graph we read the corresponding value of " Lf / R ".
Lf / R = 2.18 for pile in clay

Hence;
Equivalent Cantilever Length Lf = 2.18 x 4.643
= 10.12 m
The pile head deflection is calculated by " Y "
Free Head Piles

3
Y = Q ( L1 + Lf )
In our case the piles are
3EI
considered to be Fixed
Fixed Head Piles
Head piles
Y = Q ( L1 + Lf ) 3
12 E I
[As per IS 2911, Part-IV, Cl:7.4(b), Permissble

Considering an allowable deflection, Y= 0.5 cm (say)
deflection for safe load is 5mm]
Lateral Load at Pile top; Q = 12 EI Y

( L1 + Lf ) 3
= 4659.22 kg
= 4.66 t
Hence, the horizontal Load carrying capacity of the pile is taken as 4.66 ton for the design
The fixed end Moment, MF = Q(L1+Lf) For fixed head pile

2
= 23.58 t-m
Reduction factor, m = 0.81
Actual Maximum Moment, M = m(MF)

= 19.1 t-m
Hence, the horizontal maximum moment of the pile is taken as 19.1 ton-m for the design

Pile Calculation-Silo

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Vertical Load Carrying Capacity

As per IS : 2911 Part I / Sec 2 - 1979 (Appendix B) & IS :14593-1998

Axial Capacity of Piles in Soil - Static Formula

Ultimate Load Carrying Capacity (Qu) of a Pile is given by :

The Ultimate Base Resistance of Pile is as follows:

The Ultimate Side Resistance of Pile due to friction is as follows:

Where; Ap = cross sectional area of pile toe

Calculated below is the Avg. Overburden pressure at different layers.

Depth Asi a Qu Qsafe

Where Bearing Capacity of pile in Rock Area of pile toe = 0.6361725

Total Qsafe = 16.93 + 154.47

1. Pile Diameter = 0.900 m

Lf / R = 2.18 for pile in clay

The pile head deflection is calculated by " Y "

Free Head Piles

[As per IS 2911, Part-IV, Cl:7.4(b), Permissble

Lateral Load at Pile top; Q = 12 EI Y

The fixed end Moment, MF = Q(L1+Lf) For fixed head pile

Reduction factor, m = 0.81

Actual Maximum Moment, M = m(MF)

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