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Cube Roots of Unity (Definition, Properties and Examples)

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Cube Roots of Unity (Definition, Properties and Examples)

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Nipun Rajvanshi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Maths > Math Article > Cube Root Of Unity

Cube Roots of Unity

! The root of unity is a number which is


complex in nature and gives 1 if raised
 to the power of a positive integer n.
These roots are used in different
branches and topics of maths like
number theory. It is also called as de
Moivre system. Here we will discuss
the cube roots of unity in detail.

What are Cube Roots of Unity?


There are a total of three cube roots of
unity which are as follows:

Cube Root of Unity Value Nature of Cube

1 Real

−½ + i √(−3/ 2) Complex

−½ – i √(−3/ 2) Complex

Here, a = 1 is the real cube root of unity


while a = – ½ + i √(-3/ 2) and a = – ½ – i
√(-3/ 2) are the imaginary or complex
cube roots of unity.

How to Find Cube Root of Unity


Values (Derivation)?
Suppose the cube root of 1 is “a”,
i .e 3√1 = a.
According to the general cube roots
de6nition, a3 = 1 or a3 – 1 = 0
(a3 – b3) = (a – b) ( a2 + 12 + 2 × a × 1)
Now, (a3 – 13) = (a – 1)( a2 + 1 – 2a)
So, either
(a – 1) = 0 or
( a2 + 1 – 2a) = 0
Thus, a = 1 or (a2 + 1 – 2a) = 0
From a2 + 1 – 2a we get,
a = -1 ± √( 12 – 4 × 1 × 1 ) / (2 × 1)
Thus,
a = – ½ ± sqrt (- 3) / 2
a = -½ ± i sqrt (- 3) / 2

Properties of Cube roots of


unity
1) One imaginary cube roots of unity is
the square of the other.
2
( )
−1+√3i 2 – 2 × 1 × √3 i + (
2 = ¼ [(-1)
√3 i)2] = ¼(1 – 2√ 3i – 3) = (-1-√ 3 i) /2
2
And ( 2 ) = ¼ [(-1)2 + 2 × 1 × √3
−1−√3i

i + ( √3 i)2] = ¼(1 + 2√ 3i – 3) = (-1+ √ 3


i) /2
2) If two imaginary cube roots are
multiplied then the product we get is
equal to 1.
Let’s take ω = (-1 + √3 i ) /2
ω2 = (-1 – √3 i ) /2
Now we will get the product of two
imaginary cube roots as ω x ω2 = (-1 +
√3 i ) / 2x (-1 – √3 i ) /2
Or ω3 = ¼[(-1)2 – (√3 i)2]
= ¼[( 1 – 3i2) = ¼ x 4 = 1.
3) As there are three cube roots of
unity, their sum is zero, let’s see hoe
= 1 + (-1 + √3 i ) /2 + (-1 – √3 i ) /2
Or
1 + ω + ω2 = 1 – ½ + (√3 i ) /2 – ½ –
(√3 i ) /2
=0

Example Question On Unity


Cube Roots Concept
Now you know that 6nding the cube
root of unity is different from how to
6nd the cube root of any number. Let’s
practice it below.
Question: Let’s factorize the following:
a2 + ab + b2
Solution: a2 – (-1)ab + 1.b2
a2 – (ω + ω2)ab + ω3 . b2
a2 – (ω + ω2)ab + ω3 . b2
a2 – abω -ab ω2 + ω3 . b2
a (a – bω) – bω2 (a – bω) = (a – bω2)
(a – bω)
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Algebraic Operations On Complex Number

Nature of Roots of Quadratic Equation

Frequently Asked Questions


What is the De6nition of Cube
Root of Unity?
The cube roots of unity can be de6ned
as the numbers which when raised to
the power of 3 gives the result as 1. In
simple words, the cube root of unity is
the cube root of 1 i.e.3√1.

What is the Sum of Cube Root of


Unity?
According to the properties of cube
root of 1, the sum of its root are zero.
So, 1 + ω + ω2=0.

Is Cube Root of Unity Collinear?


As 1 + ω + ω2=0, it can be said that the
cube root of unity are collinear.

What are the Values of Cube


Roots of Unity?
The cube root of unity values are 1, −½
+ i √(−3/ 2), and −½ – i √(−3/ 2)

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