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    GAS TESTING by N.C. KARMAKAR

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    Kushana Saikirann
    The document discusses mine air composition and types of damps commonly found in mines. It provides details on: 1) The typical composition of atmospheric air and mine air, noting that mine air contains additional non-toxic, mildly toxic, toxic, and particulate impurities. 2) The five main types of damps (vapors or fumes) found in mines - firedamp, blackdamp, afterdamp, whitedamp, and stinkdamp - along with their components and hazards. 3) The development of the flame safety lamp from early versions by Sir Humphry Davy and Dr. Clanny to the improved design by Marsuant, which serves as the basis for modern flame safety

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    GAS TESTING by N.C. KARMAKAR

    Uploaded by

    Kushana Saikirann
    2K views8 pages
    The document discusses mine air composition and types of damps commonly found in mines. It provides details on: 1) The typical composition of atmospheric air and mine air, noting that mine air contains additional non-toxic, mildly toxic, toxic, and particulate impurities. 2) The five main types of damps (vapors or fumes) found in mines - firedamp, blackdamp, afterdamp, whitedamp, and stinkdamp - along with their components and hazards. 3) The development of the flame safety lamp from early versions by Sir Humphry Davy and Dr. Clanny to the improved design by Marsuant, which serves as the basis for modern flame safety

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    GAS TESTING by N.C. KARMAKAR

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    The document discusses mine air composition and types of damps commonly found in mines. It provides details on: 1) The typical composition of atmospheric air and mine air, noting that mine air contains additional non-toxic, mildly toxic, toxic, and particulate impurities. 2) The five main types of damps (vapors or fumes) found in mines - firedamp, blackdamp, afterdamp, whitedamp, and stinkdamp - along with their components and hazards. 3) The development of the flame safety lamp from early versions by Sir Humphry Davy and Dr. Clanny to the improved design by Marsuant, which serves as the basis for modern flame safety

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2K views8 pages

    GAS TESTING by N.C. KARMAKAR

    Uploaded by

    Kushana Saikirann
    The document discusses mine air composition and types of damps commonly found in mines. It provides details on: 1) The typical composition of atmospheric air and mine air, noting that mine air contains additional non-toxic, mildly toxic, toxic, and particulate impurities. 2) The five main types of damps (vapors or fumes) found in mines - firedamp, blackdamp, afterdamp, whitedamp, and stinkdamp - along with their components and hazards. 3) The development of the flame safety lamp from early versions by Sir Humphry Davy and Dr. Clanny to the improved design by Marsuant, which serves as the basis for modern flame safety

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    GAS TESTING

    1. MINE AIR COMPOSITION

     COMPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR


    Oxygen - 20.93%
    Nitrogen - 78.10%
    Argon - 0.94%
    Carbon dioxide - 0.03%
    AND traces of hydrogen, helium and other rare gases whose
    total amount is less than 0.01%

     Nitrogen and argon can be treated identical in properties


    thus making the total concentration to be 79.04%
     Ambient air generally contains water vapour ranging from
    0.1% to 3% according to the relative humidity of air
     COMPOSITION OF MINE AIR
     The impurities in the mine air can be classified as ;
    1) Non toxic gases
    Like methane, acetylene, hydrogen , and hydrocarbons
    2) Mild toxic gases
    Like carbon dioxide
    3)Toxic gases
    Like carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen (also called
    nitrous fumes), sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide
    4) Particles of finely divided solid matter
    Such as dust particles and unburnt explosive particles.
    5) Liquid droplets
    Consisting mainly of water, lubricant oil and acid
    vapour
    6) Radon and its daughter products
    Products Containing radioactive minerals

     TYPES OF DAMPS COMMONLY MET WITH IN


    MINES

     The word damp originated from the GERMAN word


    “ dampf ” meaning vapour , fog , fume or smog.
    1. FIREDAMP
     A mixer of methane and air
     It may became explosive depending on the composition
    5.4 to 14.8%
     Though methane is not toxic , its presence reduces the
    oxygen percentage of air
     Normal human being can survive in 15% of oxygen i.e. in
    an atmosphere containing 28% methane
     Any further increase in the methane content will mean
    danger to life
    2. BLACKDAMP
     A mixer of extinctive gases
     Namely excessive nitrogen and carbon dioxide
     Chokedamp is another name for blackdamp
     Its presence leads to the lack of oxygen
    3. AFTERDAMP
     A mixer of gases left after an explosion of firedamp or
    coal-dust
     Carbon monoxide is the most toxic element in
    afterdamp and the death toll occurs mainly due to the
    presence of carbon monoxide in the event of mine
    explosion
    4. WHITEDAMP
     A mixer of carbon monoxide and air
     Source of CO is from strata emission, diesel engine
    exhaust etc.
    5. STINKDAMP
     A mixer of air and hydrogen sulphide which is more
    poisonous than even carbon monoxide
    The concentration of methane in the mine air depends on the
     Rate of coal production as well as
     Rate of quantity of air flow

     Commonly high rank coals contains more of these gases (like


    CH4 and CO2 ) than the lower rank ones as the gases can escape
    in the later type due to its porosity
     The ignition temperature of firedamp lies with in 650-750c
     During the coalification process when vegetable matter gets
    buried underneath the earth crust and subjected to high
    temperature and pressure, the cellulose (C6H10O5)2 and lignin
    component of it are in to coal.
    At high temp & pressure
     CELLULOSE +LIGNIN COMPONENT → COAL
    2. FLAME SAFETY LAMP
    DEVELOPMENT
    1. SIR. HUMPHRY DAVY
     In 1815 He came forward with a revolutionary device,
    known as DAVY SAFETY LAMP
     Light output of davy lamp was poor as the whole flame
    was surrounded by a fine wire gauge
    2. DR. CLANNY
     In mid nineteenth century, he modified the design by
    surrounding the flame with a cylindrical glass and
    putting the wire guaze over the glass
     There was tremendous increase in the light out put
    compared to the davy lamp
     But the lamp was still not safe in a strong current of
    explosive firedamp mixture
    3. MARSAUNT
     In late nineteenth century, he improved upon the
    design by providing a bonnet surrounding the wire
    gauze
     He strengthened the safety by introducing the more
    than one wire gauze
     Hole at the bottom of the bonnet served as inlet to the
    lamp thus proved safer in string air current
     Marsuant lamp forms the basis of modern design of
    flame safety lamp

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