“SQC STUDY ON FASTENERS DEVELOPED BY APSG PVT LTD”

Project report
Of
Statistical Quality Control
MEE 1034

By
DINESH MOHITE – 16BME0374
Tushar Nair – 16BME0375
SUMIT VADODARIA – 16BME0168
SANGEET AGGARWAL-16BME0857
DARSHAN SETHI – 16BME0011

Slot E1
Name Of Faculty : Sudhakara Pandian R

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the projected entitled “SQC STUDY ON FASTENERS

DEVELOPED BY APSG PVT LTD”:

Name of the Student: Darshan , Tushar , Sumit, Sangeet and Dinesh

Registration Number: 16BME0011, 16BME0375,16BME0168,16BME0857and 16BME0374

For the course :( MEE-1034) is a record of bonafide work done under my

supervision. The contents of this project are full/in parts have not been
submitted to any other course.

Place: Vellore

Date:

Signature of the faculty:

PROF. Sudhakara Pandian R

About

Established in the year 2016, at Ahmedabad (Gujarat, India), we “APSG Fasteners Pvt. Ltd.”
are a distinguished manufacturer of comprehensive assortment of SS Nut And Bolt, MS Nut
Bolt, Thread Screw, Half Bolt, GI Nut And Bolt, Button Bolt. These products are manufactured
at our well-established infrastructural unit using the best grade raw material and advanced
techniques. Under the able direction of “Mr. Nikhil Patel”(Proprietor), we are able to satisfy
our vast client-base.

APSG Fasteners Pvt. Ltd are a distinguished manufacturer of comprehensive

assortment of SS Nut And Bolt, MS Nut Bolt, Thread Screw, Half Bolt, GI Nut And
Bolt, Button Bolt.

We are committed to satisfy the needs and expectations of the customer by manufacturing
and supplying stainless steel fasteners of stated quality, timely delivery and reliable services
at all times.

We strive for continuous improvement through productivity and employee participation.

The Management shall promote Quality at all levels through execution of the quality
management system complying with ISO 9001:2015 standards.

We always aim to give zero defect products to our customers. All products undergo various
inspection stages during production process and final inspection. Every product is certified
after final inspection and packaging for its conformance against specified international
standards or customer specific requirements. We always believe in continues improvement
in our products keeping in view of customer’s requirement.
Data Taken
Control Chart
An X-bar and R (range) chart is a pair of control charts used with processes that have a
subgroup size of two or more. The standard chart for variables data, X-bar and R charts help
determine if a process is stable and predictable. The X-bar chart shows how the mean or
average changes over time and the R chart shows how the range of the subgroups changes
over time. It is also used to monitor the effects of process improvement theories. As the
standard, the X-bar and R chart will work in place of the X-bar and s or median and R chart.
PROCESS CAPABILITY
The process capability is a measurable property of a process to the specification, expressed
as a process capability index (e.g., Cpk or Cpm) or as a process performance index (e.g., Ppk
or Ppm). The output of this measurement is usually illustrated by a histogram and
calculations that predict how many parts will be produced out of specification (OOS). The
most interesting values relate to the probability of data occurring outside of customer
specifications. These are data appearing below the lower specification limit (LSL) or above
the upper specification limit (USL). An ordinary mistake lies in using capability studies to deal
with categorical data, turning the data into rates or percentiles. In such cases, determining
specification limits becomes complex.
Tolerance
One statistic that is directly affected by specification limits is the %tolerance statistic, which
compares the tolerance with the study variation. Ideally, the tolerance should amply
encompass the study variation, ensuring the variability due to Gage R&R and part-to-part
variation do not push the process output beyond the specification limits. When a process
has two specification limits, the tolerance equals the difference between them, and
%Tolerance equals the study variation of a given variation source divided by this tolerance.
However, this method is invalid when you provide a single specification limit.

Tolerance Interval Plot for C1

95% Tolerance Interval
At Least 95% of Population Covered
Statistics
N 20
Mean 4.283
StDev 0.014
Normal
Lower 4.243
Upper 4.323
4.248 4.260 4.272 4.284 4.296 4.308 4.320 Nonparametric
Lower 4.261
Upper 4.310
Normal Achieved Confidence
26.4%
Nonparametric Normality Test
AD 0.242
4.24 4.26 4.28 4.30 4.32
P-Value 0.738

Normal ProbabilityPlot
99

90
Percent

50

10

1
4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32
 Tolerance Interval Plot for C2
95% Tolerance Interval
At Least 95% of Population Covered
Statistics
N 20
Mean 4.287
StDev 0.012
Normal
Lower 4.253
Upper 4.322
4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 Nonparametric
Lower 4.267
Upper 4.308
Normal
AchievedConfidence
26.4%
Nonparametric Normality Test
AD 0.345
4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32
P-Value 0.448

Normal ProbabilityPlot
99

90
Percent

50

10

1
4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32

Tolerance Interval Plot for C3

95% Tolerance Interval
At Least 95% of Population Covered
Statistics
N 20
Mean 4.289
StDev 0.012
Normal
Lower 4.255
Upper 4.323
4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 Nonparametric
Lower 4.267
Upper 4.304
Normal
AchievedConfidence
26.4%
Nonparametric Normality Test
AD 0.759
4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32
P-Value 0.040

Normal ProbabilityPlot
99

90
Percent

50

10

1
4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32
 Tolerance Interval Plot for C4
95% Tolerance Interval
At Least 95% of Population Covered
Statistics
N 20
Mean 4.285
StDev 0.014
Normal
Lower 4.246
Upper 4.324
4.245 4.260 4.275 4.290 4.305 4.320 Nonparametric
Lower 4.261
Upper 4.304
Normal Achieved Confidence
26.4%
Nonparametric Normality Test
AD 0.392
4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32
P-Value 0.345

Normal ProbabilityPlot
99

90
Percent

50

10

1
4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32

Tolerance Interval Plot for C5

95% Tolerance Interval
At Least 95% of Population Covered
Statistics
N 20
Mean 4.286
StDev 0.012
Normal
Lower 4.252
Upper 4.320
4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 Nonparametric
Lower 4.263
Upper 4.303
Normal
AchievedConfidence
26.4%
Nonparametric Normality Test
AD 0.525
4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32
P-Value 0.159

Normal ProbabilityPlot
99

90
Percent

50

10

1
4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32
Run Chart
A run chart is a line graph of data plotted over time. By collecting and charting data over
time, you can find trends or patterns in the process. Because they do not use control limits,
run charts cannot tell you if a process is stable. However, they can show you how the process
is running. The run chart can be a valuable tool at the beginning of a project, as it reveals
important information about a process before you have collected enough data to create
reliable control limits.

RunChartof C1,...,C5
4.31

4.30
C1,...,C5

4.29

4.28

4.27

4.26
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Sample
Number of runsaboutmedian: 11 Number of runsup or down: 13
Expectednumberof runs: 11.0 Expectednumberof runs: 13.0
Longestrun about median: 3 Longestrun up or down: 3
Approx P-Valuefor Clustering: 0.500 Approx P-Valuefor Trends: 0.500
Approx P-Valuefor Mixtures: 0.500 Approx P-Valuefor Oscillation: 0.500
OC – CURVE
The operating characteristic (OC) curve depicts the discriminatory power of an acceptance
sampling plan. The OC curve plots the probabilities of accepting a lot versus the fraction
defective. When the OC curve is plotted, the sampling risks are obvious. You should always
examine the OC curve before using a sampling plan. Graphs - Acceptance Sampling by
Attributes

AverageOutgoing Quality(AOQ) Curve

Operating Characteristic (OC) Curve
1.6
1.0 AOQ (Percent Defective)
1.2

0.8
0.8
0.4
Probability of Acceptance

0.0
0.6 0 4 8 12 16
Incoming Lot Percent Defective

Average Total Inspection (ATI) Curve

0.4
AverageTotal Inspection

400

0.2 300

200

0.0
100
0 4 8 12 16 0 4 8 12 16
LotPercentDefective Lot PercentDefective

Sample Size = 94, Acceptance Number = 3

Matrix plot
This type of matrix plot accepts up to 20 variables and creates a plot for every possible
combination. A matrix of plots is effective when you have many variables and you would like
to see relationships among pairs of variables.

MatrixPlot of C1,C2, C3, C4, C5

4.31

4.29
C2

4.27
4.305

4.290
C3

4.275

4.30
C4

4.28

4.26
4.30
C5

4.28

4.26
4.26 4.28 4.30 4.27 4.29 4.31 4.275 4.290 4.34
0.526 4.28 4.30
C1 C2 C3 C4
References
1) https://www.academia.edu/6429974/A_CASE_STUDY_OF_QUALITY_CONTROL_CHAR
TS_IN_A_MANUFACTURING_INDUSTRY
2) https://support.minitab.com/en-us/minitab/18/help-and-how-to/graphs/how-
to/matrix-plot/before-you-start/overview/
3) https://support.minitab.com/en-us/minitab-express/1/help-and-how-to/modeling-
statistics/anova/how-to/one-way-anova/interpret-the-results/key-results/
4) https://www.minitab.com/uploadedFiles/Content/News/Published_Articles/capabilit
y_analysis_1.pdf