Electromagnetic Induction Ravindra Kumar

Name :- Ravindra Kumar
Class :- 12th ‘A’

Roll No. :-
Roll Code :-
Subject :- Physics
TOPIC
Electromagnetic
Induction
INDEX
Content Page No.

CERTIFICATE 04
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 05
AIM OF PROJECT 06
INTRODUCTION 07
THEORY 08-16
OBSERVATION 17
CONCLUSION 18
APPLICATIONS OF EMI 19
PRECAUTIONS 20
BIBLIOGRAPHY 21
This is to certify that the content of this project entitled,
“TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF METAL
COUPLING ON RUSTING OF IRON” by
RAVINDRA KUMAR is the bona fide the work of him
submitted to R.T.C INTER COLLEGE, P.H.E.D BUTI,
RANCHI for the partial fulfilment of the requirements
of CHEMISTRY Extension has been found
satisfactory.
The original research work was carried out by him
under my supervision in the Academic year 2019-2020.
On the basis of the declaration made by him I
recommend this project report for evaluation.
Teacher’s Principal’s External Teacher’s

Signature Signature Signature
I would like to sincerely and profusely thank my
Physics Teacher Mr. Piyush Sir, for his able guidance
and support in completing my project.
I would also like to extend my gratitude to the
principal for providing me with all the facility that was
required.
Last but not the least, I would extend my gratitude
towards all teaching and non-teaching staff of R.T.C.
INTER COLLEGE and towards my friends who has
supported me to complete this project.
Ravindra Kumar
To study the phenomenon of Electromagnetic Induction
Electro Magnet:
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is
produced by electric current. The magnetic field disappears when the
current is turned off.
Induction:
This process of generating current in a conductor by placing the
conductor in a changing magnetic field is called induction.
Electromagnetic Induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential difference
(voltage) across a conductor when it is exposed to a varying magnetic
field. Electromagnetic induction is when an electromagnetic field
causes molecules in another object to flow. Induction can produce
electricity (in coils), heat (in ferrous metals), or waves (in a radio
transmitter).
Finally it is refers to the phenomenon where an emf is induced when
the magnetic flux linking a conductor changes.
Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the magnetic flux density
and the area normal to the field through which the field is passing. It
is a scalar quantity and its S.I. unit is the weber (Wb).
φ=BA
Principle
Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just induction) is
a process where a conductor placed in a changing magnetic
field (or a conductor moving through a stationary magnetic
field) causes the production of a voltage across the conductor.
This process of electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes an
electrical current - it is said to induce the current.
Invention:
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of
induction in 1831 though it may have been anticipated by
the work of Francesco Zantedeschi in 1829. Around 1830 to
1832, Joseph Henry made a similar discovery, but did not
publish his findings until later
Induced e.m.f.s:
If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an e.m.f. will be

generated in the coil. This effect was first observed and
explained by Ampere and Faraday between 1825 and 1831.
Faraday discovered that an e.m.f. could be generated either
by, (a) moving the coil or the source of flux relative to
each other or by (b) changing the magnitude of the source
of magnetic flux in some way. Note that the e.m.f. is
only produced while the flux is changing.
Coil A is connected to a galvanometer and coil B is connected
to a battery and has direct current flowing through it. Coil A is
within the magnetic field produced by B and an e.m.f. can be
produced in A by moving the coils relative to each other or by
changing the size of the current in B. This can be done by
using the rheostat R, switching the current on or off, or
(c) using an a.c. supply for B.
(An e.m.f. could also B produced in coil A by replacing coil B

with a permanent magnet and moving this relative to coil A).
Representation:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential

difference (voltage) across a conductor when it is exposed to a
varying magnetic field.
Working and Construction:

Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved through a
magnetic field because the magnetic lines of force are
applying a force on the free electrons in the conductor and
causing them to move. This process of generating current in a
conductor by placing the conductor in a changing magnetic
field is called induction. This is called induction because there
is no physical connection between the conductor and the
magnet. The current is said to be induced in the conductor by
the magnetic field.
One requirement for this electromagnetic induction to take
place is that the conductor, which is often a piece of wire,
must be perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force in order
to produce the maximum force on the free electrons. The
direction that the induced current flows is determined by the
direction of the lines of force and by the direction the wire is
moving in the field. In the animation above the ammeter
(the instrument used to measure current) indicates when there
is current in the conductor.
If an AC current is fed through a piece of wire, the

electromagnetic field that is produced is constantly growing
and shrinking due to the constantly changing current in the
wire. This growing and shrinking magnetic field can induce
electrical current in another wire that is held close to the first
wire. The current in the second wire will also be AC and in
fact will look very similar to the current flowing in the first
wire.
It is common to wrap the wire into a coil to concentrate the
strength of the magnetic field at the ends of the coil. Wrapping
the coil around an iron bar will further concentrate the
magnetic field in the iron bar. The magnetic field will be
strongest inside the bar and at its ends (poles).
LENZ’S LAW
When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux
according to Faraday’s law, the polarity of the induced emf is
such that it produces a current whose magnetic field opposes
the change which produces it. The induced magnetic field
inside any loop of wire always acts to keep the magnetic flux
in the loop constant. In the examples below, if the B field is
increasing, the induced field acts in opposition to it. if it is
decreasing, the induced field acts in the direction of the
applied field to try to keep it constant.
Applicatios of electromagnetic induction
Electrical Generator:
The E.M.F. generated by Faraday’s law of induction due to

relative movement of a circuit and a magnetic field is the
phenomenon underlying electrical generators. When a
permanent magnet is moved relative to a conductor, or vice
versa, an electromotive force is created. If the wire is
connected through an electrical load, current will flow, and
thus electrical energy is generated, converting the
mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy.
Electrical Transformer:
The EMF predicted by Faraday’s law is also

responsible for electrical transformers. When the electric
current in a loop of wire changes, the changing current creates
a changing magnetic field. A second wire in reach of this
magnetic field will experience this change in magnetic field as
a change in its coupled magnetic flux, dɸB/ d t . Therefore, an
electromotive force is set up in the second loop called the
induced EMF or transformer EMF. If the two ends of this loop
are connected through an electrical load, current will flow.
Magnetic flow meter:
Faraday’s law is used for measuring the flow of electrically

conductive liquids and slurries. Such instruments are called
magnetic flow meters. The induced voltage ɛ generated in the
magnetic field B due to a conductive liquid moving at
velocity v is thus given by:
Where l is the distance between electrodes in the magnetics flow
meter.
 Magnet is moved at certain
rate and certain voltage is
produced
 Magnet is moved at faster

rate and creating a greater
induced voltage.
 Magnet is moved at same

speed through coil that has
greater number of turn and
greater voltage is induced.
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed
and published by Michael Faraday in the mid - nineteenth
century, describes a very important electro-magnetic concept.
Although its mathematical representations are cryptic, the
essence of Faraday’s is not hard to grasp: it relates an induced
electric potential or voltage to a dynamic magnetic field.
This concept has many
far-reaching ramifications that
touch our lives in many ways:
from the shining of the sun, to
the convenience of mobile
communications, to electricity to
power our homes. We can all
appreciate the profound impact
Faraday’s Law has on us.
The principles of electromagnetic induction are applied in
many devices and systems, including:
Electrical Generators
Induction motors
Induction sealing
Inductive charging
Transformers
Wireless energy transfer

Keep yourself safe from high voltage.
Use & handle lab instruments with care.
Do not scratch insulated copper wire while

making loop.
Do not use digital voltmeter for above

demonstration.
Wikipedia.com
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Physics NCRT book for class XII

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Name :- Ravindra Kumar

Class :- 12th ‘A’

Content Page No.

Teacher’s Principal’s External Teacher’s

If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an e.m.f. will be

(An e.m.f. could also B produced in coil A by replacing coil B

Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential

Working and Construction:

If an AC current is fed through a piece of wire, the

The E.M.F. generated by Faraday’s law of induction due to

The EMF predicted by Faraday’s law is also

Magnetic flow meter:

Faraday’s law is used for measuring the flow of electrically

 Magnet is moved at faster

 Magnet is moved at same

Wireless energy transfer

Use & handle lab instruments with care.

Do not scratch insulated copper wire while

Do not use digital voltmeter for above

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