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    Phonetics

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    Nguyễn Anh Vy
    The document discusses phonetics and phonology, the study of speech sounds. Phonology examines sound patterns and systems in a language, while phonetics studies the physical production, properties, and perception of speech sounds. There are three areas of phonetics: articulatory, dealing with speech sound production; acoustic, concerning sound transmission; and auditory, involving perception. Speech sounds are produced using articulators like the lips, teeth, tongue, and soft palate. Consonants are classified by their place and manner of articulation, and vowels differ in tongue height, backness, rounding, length, and tenseness. The document also examines diphthongs and tripthongs.

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    Phonetics

    Uploaded by

    Nguyễn Anh Vy
    84 views11 pages
    The document discusses phonetics and phonology, the study of speech sounds. Phonology examines sound patterns and systems in a language, while phonetics studies the physical production, properties, and perception of speech sounds. There are three areas of phonetics: articulatory, dealing with speech sound production; acoustic, concerning sound transmission; and auditory, involving perception. Speech sounds are produced using articulators like the lips, teeth, tongue, and soft palate. Consonants are classified by their place and manner of articulation, and vowels differ in tongue height, backness, rounding, length, and tenseness. The document also examines diphthongs and tripthongs.

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    The document discusses phonetics and phonology, the study of speech sounds. Phonology examines sound patterns and systems in a language, while phonetics studies the physical production, properties, and perception of speech sounds. There are three areas of phonetics: articulatory, dealing with speech sound production; acoustic, concerning sound transmission; and auditory, involving perception. Speech sounds are produced using articulators like the lips, teeth, tongue, and soft palate. Consonants are classified by their place and manner of articulation, and vowels differ in tongue height, backness, rounding, length, and tenseness. The document also examines diphthongs and tripthongs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    84 views11 pages

    Phonetics

    Uploaded by

    Nguyễn Anh Vy
    The document discusses phonetics and phonology, the study of speech sounds. Phonology examines sound patterns and systems in a language, while phonetics studies the physical production, properties, and perception of speech sounds. There are three areas of phonetics: articulatory, dealing with speech sound production; acoustic, concerning sound transmission; and auditory, involving perception. Speech sounds are produced using articulators like the lips, teeth, tongue, and soft palate. Consonants are classified by their place and manner of articulation, and vowels differ in tongue height, backness, rounding, length, and tenseness. The document also examines diphthongs and tripthongs.

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    PHONETICS

    ● Phonetics and Phonology – both can be generally described as the study of speech sounds
    ● Phonology – the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds; based on a theory of
    what every speaker of a language unconsciously knows about the sound patterns of that language.
    ● Phonetics – specifically the study of how speech sounds are produced (uttered, articulated),
    what their physical properties are, and how they’re perceived, ect.
    ● There are 3 main areas of Phonetics:
    ● Articulatory phonetics: how speech sounds are produced using the articulators - the parts of
    the body involved in producing speech sounds.
    ● Acoustic phonetics: dealing with the transmission of speech sounds through the air (enable to
    hear particular sounds)
    ● Auditory phonetics: dealing with how speech sounds are perceived by the listener.

    The Speech Organs


    How are speech sounds produced? The air from the lungs comes up through the windpipe (trachea)
    and arrives first at the larynx. Then it goes through the vocal cords into the pharynx and up the pharynx
    to the uvula. Air escapes via either the oral cavity (if the soft palate is raised), or the nasal cavity (if the
    soft palate is lowered)
    ● Oral sounds (/g/, /s/, /Ɵ/): the soft palate is raised at the uvula, blocking off the nasal tract.
    ● Nasal sounds (/m/, /n/, /ŋ/): the soft palate is lowered → the airstream can escape.
    ● Consonant sounds (obstructing the air-stream): /k/, /f/, /b/, /m/
    ● Vowel sounds (no obstruction) /ɒ/, /ɜ:/, /æ/
    ● Voiced sounds (vocal cords come together → obstruct the airstream, vocal cords vibrate):
    /d/, /m/, /v/
    ● Voiceless sounds (no obstruction, no vibration): /s/, /t/, /ʃ/

    Places and manners of Articulation

    Retroflex approximant: r (ring, carry, marry)

    CONSONANTS
    The place of articulation is the location of the obstruction

    Bilabial (lips) sounds: lips are brought together (/p/ pay, /b/ bay, /m/ may)

    Labiodental (lower lip + upper front teeth) sounds: lower lip is raised towards the upper front teeth
    (/f/ safe, /v/ save)

    Dental sounds: the upper front teeth touching the tip of the tongue (/Ɵ/ thing, /ð/ this)
    Alveolar sounds: raising the tip of the tongue towards the ridge that is right behind the upper front
    teeth (alveolar ridge) (/t/ too, /s/ see, /d/ do, /z/ zoo, /n/ nook, /l/ look, /r/ rook)
    Post – alveolar sounds: raising the blade of the tongue towards the part of the palate just behind the
    alveolar ridge (/ʃ/ pressure, /tʃ/ batch, /ʒ/ pleasure, /dʒ/ badge)

    Palatal sounds: is similar to palato – alveolar ones, they are just produced further back towards the
    velum (/j/ yes, yellow, beauty, new)

    Velar sounds: raising the back of the tongue towards the soft palate, called the velum (/k/ back, /g/
    bag, /ŋ/ bang, /w/)

    Glottal sounds: the air pass through the glottis as it is narrowed (/h/ high)

    VOWELS

    12 vowels are the sounds which none of the articulators come very close together  airstream can get
    out freely. Front (4), central (3), back (5).
    Classification of vowels: tongue height, tongue backness, lip rounding, vowel length and the tenseness
    of the articulations.
    TENSE (5) LAX (7)

    DIPHTHONG
    Dipthongs are like long vowels in terms of length. The first part of dipthong is much longer & stronger
    than the second part.

    /ɪə/ ear /ʊə/ tour /aɪ/ eye /əʊ/ go

    /eə/ air /eɪ/ say /ɔɪ/ oil /aʊ/ bow

    5 tripthongs: /aɪə/ /eɪə/ /ɔɪə/ /əʊə/ /aʊə/


    ROUNDING
    Vowels may also be different from each other with respect to rounding. If you compare /i:/ in /tʃi:z/
    (cheese) with /u:/ in /tʃu:z/(choose), you will see that not only is /i:/ s front vowel and /u:/ a back
    vowel, but /i:/ is also unrounded whereas /u:/ is rounded.
    OBSTRUENTS – SONORANTS

    Consonants

    Obstruents Sonorants

    Stops | Fricatives | Affricatives Nasals | Lateral | Approximants


    | | | |
    EXCERCISE

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