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Cyclone Fani

Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Fani

(/ˈfɒniː/[a]) is the strongest tropical
cyclone to strike the Indian state of
Odisha since the 1999 Odisha cyclone.
The second named storm and the first
severe cyclonic storm of the 2019 North
Indian Ocean cyclone season, Fani
originated from a tropical depression
that formed west of Sumatra in the
Indian Ocean on 26 April. Vertical wind
shear at first hindered the storm's
development, but conditions became
more favorable for Fani on 30 April. Fani
rapidly intensified into an extremely
severe cyclonic storm and reached its
peak intensity on 2 May as a high-end
Category 4 major hurricane. Fani
weakened before making its landfall, and
its convective structure rapidly degraded
thereafter, degenerating into a remnant
low on 4 May, and dissipating on the next
day.
 Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Fani
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
(IMD scale)

Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)

Cyclone Fani at peak intensity on 2 May,

while approaching Odisha

Formed 26 April 2019

Dissipated(Remnant low9after
May 42019
May)

Highest winds 3-minute sustained:

215 km/h (130 mph)
1-minute sustained:
250 km/h (155 mph)
Gusts: 305 km/h (190
mph)

Lowest pressure 932 hPa (mbar); 27.52

inHg

Fatalities 89 total
Damage $8.1 billion (2019
USD)
Areas affected Odisha, West Bengal,
Andhra Pradesh, East
India, Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Sri Lanka
 Part of the 2019 North Indian Ocean
cyclone season

Prior to Fani's landfall, authorities in India

and Bangladesh moved at least a million
people each from areas within Fani's
projected path onto higher ground, and
into cyclone shelters, which is thought to
have reduced the resultant death toll and
casualties .[3] Fani killed at least 89
people in eastern India and Bangladesh
and caused about US$8.1 billion in
damages in both India and Bangladesh,
mostly in Odisha, in India.[4]
Meteorological history

Map plotting the track and the intensity of the storm,

according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

The IMD began tracking a depression

located west of Sumatra on 26 April,
classifying it as BOB 02. Later that day,
the Joint Typhoon Warning Center
(JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone
Formation Alert on the system.[5]
Afterward, the storm slowly coalesced
while moving northward, and was
upgraded to a deep depression at 00:00
UTC on 27 April.[6] At the same time, the
JTWC began warning on the system,
designating it 01B.[7] Six hours later, the
IMD upgraded the system to a cyclonic
storm and gave it the name Fani.[8]

The system continued to intensify until

18:00 UTC on 17 April, after which it
stagnated for over a day, as convection
around the storm's center waxed and
waned.[9] Fani resumed strengthening
around 12:00 UTC, with the IMD
upgrading it to a severe cyclonic
storm.[10] At that time, Fani began a
period of rapid intensification as it was
located within a very favorable
environment with sea surface
temperatures of 30–31 °C (86–88 °F)
and low vertical wind shear. As a result,
the JTWC upgraded Fani to a Category 1-
equivalent cyclone late on 29 April.[11]
Around 00:00 UTC on 30 April, Fani was
upgraded to a very severe cyclonic storm
by the IMD.[12] The organization of the
system continued to improve, with tight
spiral banding wrapping into a formative
eye feature,[13] resulting in Fani being
upgraded to an extremely severe cyclonic
storm by the IMD around 12:00 UTC[14]
while the JTWC upgraded the storm to a
Category 3-equivalent cyclone hours
later.[15] Development proceeded more
slowly over the following days, with little
improvement evident in the system's
satellite presentation. On 2 May, however,
the central dense overcast became more
symmetrical and the eye more distinct,
and Fani was upgraded to a Category 4-
equivalent cyclone by the JTWC at 06:00
UTC.[16] Shortly after, Fani started
another period of rapid intensification,
attaining 1-minute sustained winds of
250 km/h (155 mph) just below Category
5-equivalent tropical cyclone intensity,
according to the JTWC.[17] At 8:00 a.m.
IST (02:30 UTC) 3 May, Fani made
landfall near Puri, Odisha as an extremely
severe cyclonic storm, with 3-minute
sustained winds of 185 km/h
(115 mph).[18] This made Fani the most
intense storm to make landfall in India's
Odisha state since the 1999 Odisha
cyclone.[19] Land interaction quickly
degraded Fani's convective structure; and
it weakened to a Category 1-equivalent
tropical cyclone soon after landfall.[20]
Fani continued to weaken after landfall,
weakening to a cyclonic storm later that
day,[21] before passing just north of
Kolkata. On 4 May, Fani weakened to a
deep depression and moved into
Bangladesh,[22] before degenerating into
a well-marked low later on the same
day.[23] On 5 May, Fani's remnant low
dissipated over Bhutan.

Preparations

Evacuees at a cyclone shelter at Basudevpur

Bhadrak
The India Meteorological Department
tracked the storm and issued numerous
yellow warnings for much of the south-
eastern portion of India when the cyclone
started to intensify.[24][25] In preparation
for the storm's impact, the state
government of Odisha and its agency
OSDMA evacuated over 1.2 million
residents from vulnerable coastal areas
and moved them to higher ground and
into cyclone shelters built a few
kilometres inland. The authorities
deployed around a thousand emergency
workers and 43,000 volunteers in these
efforts. It sent out 2.6 million text
messages to warn of the storm in
addition to using television, sirens and
public-address systems to communicate
the message. About 7,000 kitchens were
operated to feed evacuees in 9,000 storm
shelters.[26][27]

The Indian Navy readied naval ships and

aircraft at Arakkonam and
Visakhapatnam air-bases to prepare for
the storm's aftermath and aid in
reconnaissance, rescue and relief
operations.[28] The Odisha government
staged "300 power boats, two helicopters
and many chain saws, to cut downed
trees" for the purpose.[27]
Authorities in Bangladesh were ordered
to open shelter areas as well in 19
coastal districts.[29] Bangladesh Navy
deployed 32 naval ships to provide
emergency relief and medical assistance
to the coastal areas in case of any
emergencies.[30] More than 1.2 million
people were evacuated in Bangladesh
and moved to the cyclone shelters in
coastal areas.[31]

Impact and aftermath

India …
At least 72 people have been killed by
Fani in India; 64 in Odisha,[32] In Odisha, a
teenager was killed after being hit by a
falling tree. One woman died when she
was hit by flying debris, and another died
of a heart attack while in a cyclone
shelter.[33] The cyclone adversely
affected electricity supply and
telecommunication in several coastal
areas of Odisha, and to a lesser extent, of
West Bengal. Puri and Khordha district in
Odisha were the worst hit.[26] The
Jagannath Temple in Puri suffered minor
damage, the repairing cost were
estimated to be ₹51 million
(US$738,000).[34] The Siksha
Anusandhan University also suffered a
damage of about ₹300 million (US$4.3
million).[35] Total damage in Odisha were
estimated at ₹120 billion (US$1.74
billion), mostly in property damage and
the relief.[36] After the cyclone, Odisha
required ₹170 billion (US$2.46 billion) for
rebuilding the infrastructure.[37] Indian
Prime Minister Narendra Modi
announced that the government had
released over ₹10 billion (US$145
million) for the states affected by Fani.[38]
There were massive environmental
devastation, as well.[39]
Trees under heavy wind in Odisha during cyclone
Fani

Although no fatalities occurred in Andhra

Pradesh, Srikakulam and Vizianagaram
districts reported an economic loss of
₹586.2 million (US$8.5 million).[40] The
South Central Railway also suffered a
damage of about ₹29.8 million
(US$432,000).[41]
Bangladesh …

Fani killed 17 people in ten districts of

Bangladesh.[42] In Bagerhat District, a
woman died after being hit by a falling
tree, and 7 of them were killed by
lightning in two districts of
Bangladesh.[43][44] The cyclone also
destroyed about 63,000 ha (160,000
acres) of farmland in 35 districts of the
country, the agricultural loss were at
৳385 million (US$4.6 million).[45] Total
damage in Bangladesh were up to ৳5.37
billion (US$63.6 million).[46]
The Bangladeshi government distributed
rice, dried food, and ৳19.7 million
(US$234,000) to those affected by the
cyclone.[47]

See also
1999 Odisha cyclone – the strongest
cyclone on record to strike Odisha,
also the most intense storm recorded
in the North Indian Ocean, which killed
over 10,000 people
Cyclone Viyaru – took a similar path
and affected Bangladesh and
Myanmar in 2013
 Cyclone Phailin – a powerful tropical
cyclone that struck Odisha in 2013,
which displaced over 1 million people

Notes
a. The name was contributed by
Bangladesh and means 'hood of a
snake'.[1][2]

References
1. "How Cyclone Fani got its name" .
Dhaka Tribune. 2 May 2019.
Retrieved 2 May 2019.
2. ঘূিণঝেড়র ফণী নামিট কাথা থেক
এেলা? (in Bengali). BBC Bangla. 30
 April 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
3. Kumar, Hari; Gettleman, Jeffrey; Yasir,
Sameer (4 May 2019). " 'The Worst Is
Over': A Sigh of Relief in India, Mostly
Spared by Cyclone" . The New York
Times. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
4. "Global Catastrophe Recap: First Half
of 2019" (PDF). Aon Benfield.
Retrieved 12 August 2019.
5. Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert .
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(Report). Naval Meteorology and
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14. TC Advisory 15 . India
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023" . Joint Typhoon Warning Center.
2 May 2019. Archived from the
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Retrieved 3 May 2019.
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20. Tropical Cyclone 01B (Fani) Warning
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23. Bulletin 65 (PDF). India
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24. "Cyclone Fani churns toward India,
prompting evacuation of almost 1
million" . CBS News. AFP. 3 May
2019. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
25. Wright, Pam (2 May 2019). "Tropical
Cyclone Fani Nears India as Country
Works to Evacuate Hundreds of
Thousands" . The Weather Channel.
Retrieved 2 May 2019.
26. Mohanty, Debabrata; Bhattacharya,
Snigdhendu (4 May 2019). "Fani
leaves trail of devastation; India,
Bangladesh count losses" .
Hindustan Times. Retrieved 5 May
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Sameer (3 May 2019). "How Do You
Save a Million People From a
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The New York Times. Retrieved
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29. "Bangladesh prepares for Fani as
cyclonic storm draws near" . Dhaka
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4 May 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
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Daily Star. 4 May 2019. Retrieved
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Retrieved 12 May 2019.
33. "Cyclone Fani kills at least 15 as it
moves to Bangladesh" . Khaleej
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"Srimandir Loss During Cyclone Fani
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Indian Express. 11 May 2019.
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36. "Odisha estimates loss at ₹12,000 Cr
due to cyclone Fani" . The Hindu
 Business Line. 15 May 2019.
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"Cyclone Fani-ravaged Odisha seeks
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40. "Andhra Pradesh pegs loss due to
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Hindu. 5 May 2019. Retrieved 5 May
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41. "SCR incurs Rs. 2.98 crore loss due
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44. "Ahead of Cyclone Fani, 7 killed by
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4 May 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
45. "Fani damaged crops worth Tk 38.5
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46. "Fani storm loss estimated at Tk 536
crore" . Banglanews24.com. 9 May
2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
47. "Fani damages 53,000 acres of
cropland, 13,000 houses" . The Daily
Star. 4 May 2019. Retrieved 5 May
2019.
External links

Wikimedia Commons has media

related to Cyclone Fani.

India Meteorological Department

01B.FANI from the U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory
ReliefWeb's main page for this event.

Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Cyclone_Fani&oldid=933512653"

Last edited 22 hours ago by MarioProtIV

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