of AeriSearch 6(2):21 216 Iss 234.808 fe 2884867 Onn ope /ntng t0ai0n no Adoption Pattern and Economic Impact of Potato Variety Kufri Khyati in Uttar Pradesh DHIRAJ K SINGH", NK PANDEY, KHARMNUID P AND RAJESH K RANA’ ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shinla, Himachal Pradesh, India ARTICLE INFO Teen on T6301 Accepted on 25082018 Publehed onine 05092018 ABSTRACT ‘The present study was undertaken to determine the adoption intensity and economic impact of short duration and high yielding potato variety Kufti Kyat, in Uta Pradesh, the highest potato producing state of India. Ex post fact research design was used and data were collected fram 96 farmers ising a structured interview schedule, Analysis of data revealed that Kuti Paka (33.1%) followed by KutriChipsona-1, Kufi Khyati and Kuri Bahar were the most popular varetiesin the ‘study area To find out the economic impact of Kuti Kyat its cost of cultivation, gross as well as netreturn werecalelated and compared with KufiPukhrj Ise ound that costo cultivation of K. Khyati was slightly higher than that of KufriPulehra, Llowever, due to more yield and higher selling price, gross as well as the net return was higher for Kui Khyati than prevailing variety Kuri Pukhra. The net return of Kufri Khyati was nearly 21 per cent higher than that of Kutt Pulghr, Keywords: Adoption patter, KufeiKhyati,Eeonomicimpact,Profitbi INTRODUCTION Potato is the most important vegetable crop of India. It holds | [promise for food and nutritional security to ever-inereasing Jhuman population due to its inherent elfciency in the production of high dry matte, energy and edible protein per tunit area and per unit time, Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) i ‘the most constimed food crop worldwide next #9 wheat and rice (Visser eu, 2009} As per estimates, India produced a record 486 million tonnes of potato during 2016-17. Utar Pradesh (UP) is the highest potato producing state of the country. The state produced almost 15.54 M¢ of potato, thus contributing neatly 320 per cent of total potato production in the country (DAC & FW, 2018). India would require 125 Mt of ppotato from an area of 362 million ha with an average productivity of 345 tha during the year 2050 (C1'8! Vision 2050), Increasing potato productivity from current 22 tha to 345 uha would be a huge challenge. Being the highest potato producing state of India, UP will play avery important rolein achieving the target of higher productivity of potato, Several factors play thei role in inereasing rop yield which includes soil condition, climate, fertilization, irrigation, use of quality seed, adoption of new technologies etc. Use of good quality seed is one of the most important pre-requisite for achieving higher yield in potato which is a vegetatively propagated crop. The final quality and quantity of potato yield are {determined by the quality ofthe potato seed tuber used at the time of planting (Stik 2rd Wiersema, 1999), Similarly, use of improved variety is also very important for higher productivity in potato, Since its inception in 1949, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute (CPRD, Shimla developed and released 52 potato varieties suitable for varied agro-ecologies of India. Varieties ‘with early or medium maturity, fast bulking, insensitive to ‘TEAR Rear Comper Eto Rag Pne, Bt dis ‘CAR-Agand hey Aplin Resch sine Lain, di arnespending Author El inns Constraintanalysis photoperiod, slow rate of degeneration, high productivity, {00d storabilty at ambient temperature and resistant to late bight are suitable for cultivation in Uttar Pradesh. Early maturing varieties of potato are preferred in many parts of UP. Kufri Pukhraj developed and released by CPRI in 1998, Shimla became very popular because of ts high yield and short duration. Lateran, due to its poor storabilty, need fora new short duration variety was felt among breeders. As a result, Kutri Khyat, a high yielding, early maturing, white tuber potato variety having maderate resistance to late blight and suitable fr cultivation i plains of India was released by (CPRI during 2008. The specific areas for its adaptation were Rajasthan, Haryana, Panjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Chattisgarh (cumaret al 2014). Theimportant characteristics ofboth Kufti ‘Khyatiand Kufri aka) are compared in 1, Itean be observed that Kufri Khyat has a better storability as compared to Kuisi Pukhraj, Therefore, those farmers who ‘want to keep theit potatoes fora longer duration started to ‘grow Kuri Khyati in place of Kufei Pukhraj-Since its release, kKufti Khyati is being popularized among, farmers throughs front line demonstrations and other extension activities. As 2 result itisnow adopted by many farmers in different districts ‘of UP It's been eight years now since its release. A need was felt to study the economic impact of this variety on farmers income, Therefore, this study was conducted #9 assess the adoption level of Kufi Khyati among farmers and sts ‘economicimpact on farmer's profitability MATERIALS AND METHODS ‘The current study was undertaken in Uttar Pradesh, which is the largest potato producing state f India and also the best representative of indian potato production scenario (sey fal, 2005) Four districts namely Meerut, Hapur, Sambal, and Bulandshahar were selected for farmer’ field survey duringUjournal of Agente, Val, No Adoption of Kult Khyat varity of potato ae (Characteristics Kufsi Khyati Kafei Pokhraj Year of release 208 1998 ‘Tuber colour White-creamy Yellow “Tuber shape ‘Ovoid with medium to deep eyes (void with shallow-medium eyes Flesh colour Whit e creamy. Light yellow Matus Early Early to medium Storabilty Good Medium Late blight resistance Field resistance to late blight Moderately resistance to late blight Average yield potential 25-30 Va 40 tha Adaptability North Indian Plains Nor th Indian Plains and plateaw region. Special attributes Early bulker, suitable for high cropping intensity Early bulker, suitable for low input ecosystem the year 2016-17. A total of 24 farmers were selected from each district making the total sample size of %6 farmers. Purposive sampling was dane to select those farmers who were growing potato variety Kufri Khyati. Ex post facto research design was ‘used, Personal interview method was adopted for collecting required information from respondents. Speciically designed and prestested interview schedule was used for collecting informationon diferent variables, comparative study was conducted to find out the impact of ‘growing Kufri Khyati Those farmers who were growing potato variety Kuri Khyati were compared to farmers who cultivated Kulri Pukhraj on several economic parameters ike f cultivation, gross retumy net return, benefit-cost ratio ete. Component wise cost of cultivation for both Kuss Khyatiand Kufri Pakhraj were estimated for comparison, The extent of adoption of different varieties was worked out by calculating ‘Intensity of adoption’ which was defined as the ‘proportionate area under Kufti Khyati at a given time and expressed asa percentage. For this, the methodology adopted by Pandey et al in their study of patterns of adoption of ‘improved rice varieties in South Asia was used (Parley el, 2012), For analysis of perceived reasons of adoption of Kuss XKhyyatiand constraints in potato production, simple statistical tools ike frequency and percentage were used, the cost RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Intensity of adoption of Kufri Khyati ‘The variety wise potato azea was estimated as proportionate tothe total potato area and expressed as a percentagein is Tecan be seen that in the selected study region, Kufri Pukhraj was stil the most important potato variety covering nearly ‘one-third ofthe total potato area planted by farmers. The new variety Kufri Khyati had an adoption intensity of 19.4 percent ‘This suggested that within a short time span of 8 years, this varioty has picked up and got popular among farmers. Kufri ‘Bahar, the most popular variety of Uttar Pradesh and Kuli CChipsona 1, processing quality variety of potato also had a significant proportionate area at par with Kui Khyati (15. ) Kufei Chipsona-I having significantly high adoption intensity (20%) may be understood from the fact that Merino Group has 2 potato processing factory in Hapur district near the study area, Among other varieties having 887 per cent area, processing varieties ike Kufti Chipsona-3, Kufri Chipsona-4, and Kufti Frysona were more popular among farmers since they were getting a higher price for processing varieties. This result is in confirmation with the findings of a study conducted by Rana et al on profitability analysis of Kuli CChipsona-I variety in Uttar Pradesh (ans e200). ‘Kut Pukba} sm kufrBohar Se Kf Kyat "Kut chipsona- mothers Fig, 1 Povonlage area under different potato varieties Reasons for adoption of Kufri Khyati Those farmers who adopted Kuri Khyati were asked about the probable reasons for adoption as an open-ended question, Te responses obtained are presented in able in terms of frequency and percentage. “Table 2: Reasons forthe adoption of Kufti Khyati over other prevailing varieties naa Perceived reasons for adoption Frequency Percentage” Disease Resistance 7 25.00 Takes less time (60-70 days) in 2% 4.17 maturing ‘Good Size and shape 8 1687 Less cost of cultivation 5 10.422 High Yield 38 a7 Better keeping quality, 5 3125 Fetches good rates 18 3750 “Malliple responses Majority of farmers (79.1%) were of the view that the yield level of Kufri Khyati was higher than other prevailing varieties. More than hall of respondents cited ‘les time in ‘maturing’ asthe major eason forthe adoption of Kufri Kyat Other characteristics like ‘better keeping quality, ‘gooda3 Singh market rate! and “disease resistance’ were also cited as the percieved reasons for adoption of the variety. Costof cultivation and Eeonomicimpact of Kufri Khyati The component wise variable cast of cultivation was “Table 3: Variable cost of potato cultivation for Kufti Khyat is av a UNournal of AgriSearch, Vol, Noa] estimated for Kulti Khyati and compared with other short duration variety Kufei Pukhraj (ble 3). The difference between the cost of cultivation of these two varieties was expressed in percentage. is Kui Pukhraj N-96 Cost Components (Rha) ‘Kufri Khyati (= 48) Kufri Pukhraj (wa) __Difference* (3) ‘Cost of laboure “a7aBA 32 ‘868.06 72 Seed cost 5682.29 44625.00 1839 Fertilizers and manure 3521594 3591.11 220 Insecticides and pesticides 8533.07 4609.03, 45.99 Irrigation charges 1821.62 2061.11 135 “Total variable cost of cultivation 147737.20 73815430 69) includes machine, family and hired labour, “= Kufri Khyati over Kufri Pakaj The results revealed that variable cost of cultivation of Kiri Khhyati was 6.5 per cent higher than Kuri Pula} The higher cost in case of Kufri Khyati was mostly due to high ‘expenditure on purchase of seed and other inputs like insecticides and pesticides. Being a new variety, cost of seed for Kuri Kinyati was considerably higher (18 4%) as compared to Kutri Pukhra, There was not much difference among other cost components. Therefore, the total cost of cultivation for uri Khyati (Rs 147737.2 per ha) was lightly higher than that of Kuri Paka} (Re 138158.30 per ha). The economic parameters like Gross return, Net return ‘Benefit-Cost (BC) ratio and cost of production per quintal was also estimated for both these varieties and the findings a presented in Table “Table d: Economic profitability analysis of potato variety Kuli Khyati visa vis Kufri Pukhra} Particulars Kafei Khyati Kufri Pukheaj Difference* (%) “Average yield (ha) 31 30.60 200 Average selling price (Rt) 95875 84250 1213 Gross return (Re/ha) 299360.10 257805.00 1388 Net return (Rss) 15162290 19650.70 21.09 Benefit Cost ratio at variable cos of cultivation 202 1.86 792 Variable cost of production (Rs) ns $5148 458 * = Kufri Khyati over Kur Puklraj ‘The variable cast of production per tonne of potato for Kul Khyatiwasnearly 46 percent higher than Kufti Pukhaj while the cost of cultivation was 65 percent higher for Kuri Khyat. This difference in cost of cultivation and cost of production ‘was due to a slightly higher yield of Kufti Khyati (2%) over Kiri Pukh. The gross rem per hectare from Kufri Khyati ‘was 13.88 per cent more than Kuti Pukduaj while net income was 21.09 per cent higher. The higher return was due to higher yield as well as higher price fetched by Kuti Kyat the market as compated to Kuri Pukhraj. Thus, it ean be seen that Kutri Khyati provides a significantly high return to farmers as compared to Kur Paka, This result was further confirmed by the fact that BC ratio of Kufri Khyati was 2.02 ‘while for Kuri Pulkhajitwas 1.86, Thus, growing Kui Khyat ‘was more profitable to farmers than growing Kufri Paks Constraints in potato cultivation and marketing ‘The constraints faced by potato growers in potato cultivation in selected districts of UP were analyzed and presented “Tuble 5. A majority of farmers (31.3%) reported ‘nadequate availablity of quality potato seed’ as the major problem in potato production, ‘Higher charges for cold storage! was a Second. most important constraint of the study area as reported by 27.1 per cent of farmers. Among marketing constraints, price fluctuation of potato’ and Tack of marketing infrastructure’ were reported as major problemsby farmers of thestudy area “Table 5: Constraints faced by farmers in potato cultivation and marketing N-96 Constraints Frequency _ Percentage’ Higher charges for cold storage 26 2A Shortage offertilizerson time 24, 0 Inadequate availabilty of quality potato seed » 313 Lack of cold storage facilities v7 177 Fluctuation of price of potatoin. 18, 188 market Higher incidence of diseases 0 208 Lack of marketing infrastructure 15 156Uoural of Agesearch, ValS,No3] CONCLUSION ‘This study examined the extent of adoption and impact of potato variety Kufri Khyati on farmer's profitability. It was ‘observed that Kufri Pukhaj is still the most popular potato ‘variety ofthe region while new variety Kufri Khyati also hada considerable area under cultivation. It showed that since release, Kuti Khyatiis becoming popular among farmers due to its market value and good storabilty quality. To further enhance the adoption intensity ofthis variety, more extension ‘activities like frontline demonstration, field day, awareness programmes eteshould be organized, The results also showed the higher profitability of Kuri Khyati over traditional early variety Kulti Pukhraj, Since the adequate seed was not available, efforts may be made by Govt. agencies in the area to [REFERENCES DAC & FW. 2078. Horculare Statistic Division, Monthly Report Potato January 2018), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Gove of india ‘Kamar Kang GS, Pandey SK and Gopal ).2009. Kafr Kyat: Anew ary enatuting potato varie for Indian Pais, Potaeournal 36002) 1698, Pandey NK, Rana RK, Pandit A, Chandran KP. 2005. Contebution of ‘Uttar Pradesh toads indian Potato, Pott Journal 2° 221- 2. Pandey 8, Gauchan D, Malabayabas BM and Hardy B, 2012. Patiems of adoption of inipoved rice varies and fares level impacts {n-sress.prone rainfed areas in oath. Avia, ISBN 9789712202472, International Rice Research Insitute, Los Banos Philippines 318. Citation: Turnalefgriear (3p 211218 Adoption of Kutt Kyat vatity of potato as provide the quality seed of Kuisl Khyati to farmers at an affordable price. In order to negate the peoblem of price fMuctuation of potato in the market, farmers may be advised to store potato in cold storage during glut and later on sell them at the appropriate time. These measures will definitely ‘enhance the socio-economic status of farmers in the study ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ‘Authors duly acknowledge the assistance provided by Sh Dharminder Gupta, ICAR-CPRL, Shimla, and Sh. Ashok Kumar, CPRIC, Modipuram in conducting farmer's field survey and tabulation of data, Rana RK, Pandey NK, Pandit A. and Pandey SK. 2009, Prosabiity| ‘analysn of Kafei Chipwona cultivation in Usat Pradesh Poi fournal 6034) 165172 Siruik PC and Wiersema SC. 1999, Seed Potato Technology ‘Wageningen University Press, Wageningen, Netherlands, ISBN-13 97890741 MEST, 3p, ‘Kumar ¥,Luthra 5, Bhardwaj Vand Singh BP 2014 Indian Potato ‘Varieties and thee Salient Features, CPRITechnal Bulletin No. 78 (revised) ICAR-Central Potato Reseach Insitute, ‘Shimla Himachal Prades, Ina. 64, Visser RG, Bacher CW, de Boer [M, Bryan G] and Chakrabai SK: 2n0e, Sequencing the potato genome: Outline and fist ells to come from the elseidation ofthe sequence of the world third most important food crop. American Joural of tats Resear 641729 ‘DK Pandey NK PKharmruid and Rana RK2018, Adoption patter and economic impact of potato variety Kut Khyat in Uta Pradesh