Paul Ekman is a renowned psychologist known for his research on facial expressions and their relationship to emotions. He discovered that certain facial expressions like fear, anger, sadness, joy and surprise are universal across cultures. Ekman developed the Facial Action Coding System to categorize all facial expressions and created methods for detecting microexpressions, which are brief involuntary facial movements that reveal a person's true emotions, especially when they are trying to conceal them or lie. Ekman's influential work has helped improve understanding of nonverbal communication and deception detection.
Paul Ekman is a renowned psychologist known for his research on facial expressions and their relationship to emotions. He discovered that certain facial expressions like fear, anger, sadness, joy and surprise are universal across cultures. Ekman developed the Facial Action Coding System to categorize all facial expressions and created methods for detecting microexpressions, which are brief involuntary facial movements that reveal a person's true emotions, especially when they are trying to conceal them or lie. Ekman's influential work has helped improve understanding of nonverbal communication and deception detection.
Paul Ekman is a renowned psychologist known for his research on facial expressions and their relationship to emotions. He discovered that certain facial expressions like fear, anger, sadness, joy and surprise are universal across cultures. Ekman developed the Facial Action Coding System to categorize all facial expressions and created methods for detecting microexpressions, which are brief involuntary facial movements that reveal a person's true emotions, especially when they are trying to conceal them or lie. Ekman's influential work has helped improve understanding of nonverbal communication and deception detection.
Paul Ekman is a renowned psychologist known for his research on facial expressions and their relationship to emotions. He discovered that certain facial expressions like fear, anger, sadness, joy and surprise are universal across cultures. Ekman developed the Facial Action Coding System to categorize all facial expressions and created methods for detecting microexpressions, which are brief involuntary facial movements that reveal a person's true emotions, especially when they are trying to conceal them or lie. Ekman's influential work has helped improve understanding of nonverbal communication and deception detection.
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Paul Ekman
Paul Ekman is a contemporary psychologist who studies the relationship
between emotions and facial expressions. He is well known for his ability to detect lies. PROFESSIONAL LIFE Paul Ekman was born in Washington, DC, in 1934 and lived in many states throughout his childhood. He studied at both New York University and the University of Chicago. He graduated from Adelphi University in 1958 with a PhD in clinical psychology. Ekman interned at the Langly Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute and later worked as a consultant there. He was a professor of psychology in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California in San Franciso. He retired from both the Lan gly Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute and the University of California in 2004. Ekman has received multiple awards, including Research Scientist Award from the National Institute of Mental Health on six separate occasions, and he was named one of TIME magazine's 100 Most Influential People. CONTRIBUTION TO PSYCHOLOGY Ekman is best known for his work with facial expressions. He theorized that not all expressions are the result of culture. Instead, they express universal emotions and are therefore biological. He discovered that several facial expressions of emotion, such as fear, anger, sadness, joy, and surprise were universal and that people could eas ily read these expressions in people from different cultures. In collaboration with Dr. Maureen O’Sulllivan, Ekman studied the micro-expressions displayed by people in order to detect if they were telling the truth or lying. These micro - expressions are tiny, involuntary alterations in facial expression that can indicate anxiety and discomfort. The study, called the Wizards Project, discovered that only a relatively small percent of people can recognize deception naturally. Ekman called these people the Truth Wizards. Ekman created the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), which categorized every expression, not only on the face but also throughout the rest of the body. Ekman has studied the science and social influence behind lying and what significance lying has to our mental well-being. From his research working with tribal people in New Guinea, Ekman devised a list of universal emotions and expressions that he believed were present in all humans. They include surprise, sadness, happiness, disgust, anger, and fear. Ekman concluded that there were both negative and positive emotions that were universal to all humans, although not all were visible in facial expressions. This list of universal emotions includes: contempt contentment amusement excitement embarrassment relief guilt pride in achievement shame satisfaction sensory pleasure Ekman has continued his work in the area of facial expression by applying it to trust issues, particularly relating to parent-child relationships. He is a contributor to the Greater Good Magazine and works with the Greater Good Science Center at the University of California at Berkeley. The popular television series Lie to Me was based upon Ekman's work. The main character, Dr. Cal Lightman, is trained in detecting deception and is loosel y based upon Ekman himself. CONTROVERSY AND CRITICISM Ekman's theory of universal emotions has been heavily popularized, but some researchers have criticized his theories, noting for example that no population is fully isolated and that cultures tend to influence one another. Others have argued that his experiments are not rigorously controlled or that test subjects do not universally recognize emotions, but simply recognize them more frequently than they fail to recognize them. Micro expressions are facial expressions that occur within a fraction of a second. This involuntary emotional leakage exposes a person's true emotions.
Macro expression
Obvious or "normal" facial expressions
Last between 1/2 a second to 4 seconds Match the content and tone of what is said
Micro expression
Often misinterpreted or missed altogether
Occur in 1/2 a second or less
Why are micro expressions important?
Micro expressions occur in everyone, often without their knowledge.
There is no way to prevent them from occurring.
Benefits of Micro Expressions Training
Increase Emotional Awareness
Unlike verbal communication or gestures, facial expressions are a universal system of
signals which reflect the moment-to-moment fluctuations in a person's emotional state. The face offers us the best window into the emotional lives of others. Regardless of culture, language, or personal background, we all share this common form of nonverbal communication. With our training tools, you can become more skilled at noticing when an emotion is just beginning, when an emotion is being concealed, and when a person is unaware of what they are actually feeling.Detect Deception
When someone tries to conceal his or her emotions, leakage• of that emotion will often be evident in that person's face. The leakage may be limited to one region of the face (a mini or subtle expression), or may be a quick expression flashed across the whole face - known as a micro expression. At 1/25th of a second, micro expressions can be difficult to recognize and detect these important clues. Yet with training you can learn to spot them as they occur in real time.
Dr. Paul Ekman, the world’s expert in emotions and deception detection, created online micro expressions training tools to help people read and respond to micro expressions. The 7 Microexpressions 1) Surprise Microexpression: The eyebrows are raised and curved Skin below the brow is stretched Horizontal wrinkles across the forehead Eyelids are opened, white of the eye showing above and below Jaw drops open and teeth are parted but there is no tension or stretching of the mouth 2) Fear Microexpression: Eyebrows are raised and drawn together, usually in a flat line Wrinkles in the forehead are in the center between the eyebrows, not across Upper eyelid is raised, but the lower lid is tense and drawn up Eyes have the upper white showing, but not the lower white Mouth is open and lips are slightly tensed or stretched and drawn back 3) Disgust Microexpression: Upper eyelid is raised Lower lip is raised Nose is wrinkled Cheeks are raised Lines show below the lower eyelid 4) Anger Microexpression: The eyebrows are lowered and drawn together Vertical lines appear between the eyebrows Lower lid is tensed Eyes are in hard stare or bulging Lips can be pressed firmly together, with corners down, or in a square shape as if shouting The lower jaw juts out 5) Happiness Microexpression: Corners of the lips are drawn back and up Mouth may or may not be parted, teeth exposed A wrinkle runs from outer nose to outer lip Cheeks are raised Lower eyelid may show wrinkles or be tense Crow’s feet near the outside of the eyes 6) Sadness Microexpression: Inner corners of the eyebrows are drawn in and then up Skin below the eyebrows is triangulated, with inner corner up Corner of the lips are drawn down Jaw comes up 7) Contempt / Hate Microexpression: One side of the mouth is raised https://www.scienceofpeople.com https://www.goodtherapy.org
Cliff Lansley - Getting To The Truth - A Practical, Scientific Approach To Behaviour Analysis For Professionals-Emotional Intelligence Academy LTD (2017)
Cliff Lansley - Getting To The Truth - A Practical, Scientific Approach To Behaviour Analysis For Professionals-Emotional Intelligence Academy LTD (2017)
