COMMERCIAL COMPLEX CUM

EXHIBITION CENTER
LUDHIANA, PUNJAB

CSPA, CHITKARA UNIVERSITY

SUBMITTED BY-:
MUDIT DUA
1515991063
CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview……………………………………………………………….3
1.2 Reasons for The Project………………………………………….4
1.3 Aims & Objectives………………………………………………….4
1.4 Scope…………………………………………………………………….4
1.5 Project Location and characteristics of site……………5
1.6 Methodology Adapted………………………………………….6

2.0 REQUIREMENTS…………………………………………….7
2.1 Mandatory Development Obligations
2.2 Additional Facilities
2.3 Bye-laws

3.0 Theoretical Study…………………………………………..11

 COMMERCIAL COMPLEX CUM EXHIBITION CENTER

CLIENTS: Government of Punjab

LOCATION: Ludhiana, Punjab Page |

3
SITE AREA: 7.05 Acres / 28530 sq.m

PROJECT TYPE: Commercial

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW

The Department of Housing & Urban Development, Government of Punjab, through the
Greater Ludhiana Area Development Authority (GLADA) intends to develop an international
standard Commercial cum Exhibition Centre located at Ludhiana through Public Private
Partnership (PPP) mode.

DIFFERNCE BETWEEN EXHIBITION AND CONVENTION CENTER

EXHIBITION CENTER:
In its broadest sense, an exhibition is a display, show or demonstration of something of beauty,
value or particular interest to a targeted audience. Exhibition halls should have the space,
freedom and flexibility to create an exhibition environment.
In any exhibition halls, proper considerations should be given to the movement of people
and also to the moving pattern. On the other hand, outdoor exhibition spaces are usually
located to immediate vicinity of the exhibition halls. Outdoor exhibition areas can be
developed as a flat ground or as an amphitheater.

CONVENTION CENTER
A large civic building or group of buildings designed for conventions, industrial shows,
and the like, having large unobstructed exhibit areas and often including conference
rooms, hotel accommodations, restaurants, and other facilities.
A convention center is generally defined as any property used in connection with a convention
or meeting center, or similar facility, including auditoriums, exhibition halls, facilities for food
preparation and serving, parking facilities, and administrative offices. A number of states have
passed legislation enabling public funding to be used for convention centers in an effort to
attract tourism and businesses to local economy.
1.2 REASONS FOR THE PROJECT
Ludhiana is one of the largest cities in India
and the most populous city in Punjab
Ludhiana has a GDP contribution of nearly
16% to the state’s GDP. It is an industrial focal Page |
point with the presence of large number of 4
large-scale, medium-scale and small-scale
industries.
The MICE (Meetings, incentives, conferences
and exhibitions) industry in the city is majorly
driven by industrial exhibitions and trade
fairs. However, the city lacks dedicated
space for organizing such exhibitions. The
events are held by creating temporary
structures across available open spaces. The proposed exhibition centre would provide a
focal point for exhibiting industrial goods that are manufactured in and around Ludhiana and
holding both small-scale and largescale exhibitions. Further, the exhibition centre would also
cater to associated conventions and conference events happening in the city.

1.3 AIMS & OBJECTIVE:

 Creating an exciting commercially successful exhibition center thereby improving

region’s ability to attract revenue generating exhibitions.
 Operating an integrated exhibition facility, accommodating different needs for a variety of
different groups.
 To promote a platform for interaction between various sections of society. This would
lead to better understanding of each other’s trade and spread awareness among the
people that is in need of the hour.
 Integrated current technologies in the field and a plan for future growth.

1.4SCOPE:

Among all the requirements of the project the part that will be done are:
 To understand the master planning of the site.
 To study the detail building design of Exhibition hall, restaurant, Conference halls and
office areas.
 To understand landscaping of the site.
 Design of Outdoor exhibition area.
1.5 PROJECT LOCATION:
The site of the Project is spread across 7.05 acres and is owned and managed by GLADA.
The site is located within sub-city central urban estate, Samrala Road, Sector 39-A on the
Ludhiana- Chandigarh road in close proximity to key industries of Ludhiana.
Page |
CHARACTERISTICKS OF SITE-: 5

SITE PROXIMITY
 The site lies at a distance of 13 km from the Sahnewal Airport.
 It is located ~6.5 km from the railway station.
 A number of key industries lie in a 5 km radius of the plot.
CLIMATE
Ludhiana features a humid subtropical climate under the Koppel climate classification, with
three defined seasons; summer, monsoon and winter. Ludhiana on average sees roughly 890
millimeters (35 in) of precipitation annually.
SALIENT FEATURES
•Land Use – Commercial complex cum
Exhibition Centre
•Flat terrain with 60 ft road access on 2
sides
•Free of all encumbrances
•Easy access to trunk infra managed by
GLADA
•Site Dimensions –
109.728X259.994m

Map showing location

Map showing of location
Site site and its surroundings
 Page |
6

Map showing Site as part of urban layout

1.6 METHODOLOGY ADAPTED

Understanding the topic and listing all the attributes and

challenges of the project.

Design standards, guide lines, bye-laws and special services

Live case study:

Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi Jaipur exhibition & convention
center
Net case study:
Vancouver convention center, Canada
2.0 REQUIREMENTS

2.1. MANDATORY DEVELOPMENT OBLIGATIONS

The following project facilities are compulsorily:
a. Pillarless Exhibition Hall(s) Page |
i. Minimum number of halls – 2 7
ii. Minimum aggregate area of halls – 10,000 sqm
b. Outdoor Exhibition Area with minimum area of 4,645 sqm
c. Adequate Back-of-House area
d. Break-out Rooms – At least 4 rooms with minimum aggregate area of 1,000 sq.m.
e. Parking (Basement / Multi-Level / On-Ground).
1. Exhibition Centre - Minimum 3 ECS per 100 sq m of covered area.

2.2 ADDITIONAL FACILITIES:

a. Commercial office
b. Retail (mall / high street)
c. Recreational space: Building Bye-Laws and PUDA Building Rules 2018.

2.3 BYE-LAWS-:
FAR – 1.0
Total FSI Area – 28530 sq.m Ground Coverage – Maximum 50%
Height Restriction – As per AAI
Other bye-laws as per Municipal

2.4 USER GROUPS:

The users of the center are broadly classifying into 3 major types:
The delegates: - These are the group of people who form the major part of the convention center.
People from both national and international backgrounds are a part of this user group.
The exhibitors: - They are the reason for the delegates to attend various conventions and
exhibitions. - People from all over the country gather to promote their respective event. - The
exhibitors may also be local craftsmen who are allowed to setup temporary shops.
The staff: - These people form the backbone of the convention center. - They take care of all
the needs of nth the delegates as well as the exhibitors who are new to the place and a guest at
the convention centre. The building must cater to their needs along with catering to the direct
users of the building.
•Public Buildings. - The public buildings of various types shall be governed by the following
norms, namely: -
E.g.: - Community Centre, Public Concert Hall or Auditorium, Museum, Gymnasium or Public
Exhibition Page |
8

Notes:
(a) In case of Community Centre, it shall only have banquet hall, kitchen, library, office and reading room,
except these if any other activity is proposed then it shall be considered as club.
(b) Up to 1.0 percent of the total covered area of Community Centre, Public Concert Hall or Auditorium,
Museum, Gymnasium or Public Exhibition shall be allowable for commercial activity.
HOTEL or MOTEL

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Notes:
(a)Commercial use within the Hotel Building envelope shall be permissible as per the policy of State
Government, as amended from time to time.
(b)Unlimited F.A.R shall be subject to fulfilment of building controls such as ground coverage, setback around
building, parking norms, light and ventilation, height, fire and structural safety.
(c) F.A.R above 1:3, will be chargeable on pro-rata basis. However, for sites PUNJAB GOVT. GAZ. (EXTRA), JUNE
29, 2018 1433 (ASADHA 8, 1940 SAKA) allotted or sold by the development authority, the charges shall be
applicable as per the terms and conditions of the allotment letter.
COMMERCIALS SUCH AS SHOPPING MALL / SHOPPING COMPLEX OR A BUILDING PRIMARILY USED FOR DISPLAY
AND SALE OF MERCHANDISE OR ANY SIMILAR PURPOSE

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Notes:
(a) *Unlimited F.A.R shall be subject to fulfilment of building controls such as ground coverage, setback
around building, parking norms, light and ventilation, height, fire and structural safety.
(b) F.A.R above 1:1.75, will be chargeable on pro-rata basis. However, the site allotted or sold by the
development authority the charges shall be applicable as per the terms and conditions of the allotment
letter.

BUILDING HEIGHT

COLOR CODED ZONING MAP (GRID FORMAT) OF

LUDHIANA AIRPORT

BUILDING HEIGHT (A G L ) = CCZM ELEVATION FOR THE RESPECTIVE GRID - SITE ELEVATION OF THE
BUILDING = 304-230
=74m
 Page |
11

THEORETICAL STUDY:
 LIBRARY STUDY…………………………………………12
 LIVE CASE STUDY………………………………………36
1. VIGYAN BHAWAN, NEW DELHI
2. JAIPUR EXHIBITION AND CONVENTION CENTER,
RAJASTHAN
 INTERNET STUDY……………………………………...62
1. VANCOUVER CONVENTION CENTER, CANADA
 SPACE STANDARDS
PUBLIC MOVEMENT PATTERN IN AN EXHIBITION CENTER-
Efficient circulation pattern of an individual in the built environment can enhance the communication and
functionally of an exhibition center. People visiting and working in an exhibition center can be divided into five Page |
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broad user categories:
 Public Flow
 Delegates Flow
 VIP Flow
 Journalist Flow
 Staff flow
DELGATES FLOW:
These are the most important group of users for a convention center. The parking shall lead them to the main
entrance foyer which further directs them to their destination. An unobstructed delegate movement is very
important.
PUBLIC FLOW:
Dignified personalities are invited depending upon the nature of event. It can relatives and public guests invited
by the organization. They also have access to exhibition area so there shall also have a separate access to
manage public flow during peak hours.
VIP FLOW:
They shall either directly lead to the dais of the main hall or shall enter through the VIP entrance which is
connected to VIP lounge.
STAFF FLOW:
It can be divided into two categories namely the technical staff who are responsible for the efficient working of
a convention center while others are the administrative staff who are exposed to the people coming to the
center. The path of the technical and administration diverse at the staff entrance.
JOURNALIST FLOW:
It includes press people, cameraman and diplomats. They shall have direct access to the documentation center
and the TV studio of the convention center.
OFFICE PLANNING:
Work Place Area (Usable Area): Spaces in which it is possible for people to work at desks; includes secondary
circulation.
Primary Circulation: Circulation essential to provide access & mean of escape to work place area. Usually takes
up between 10 and 15% of net usable area. Page |
Special Areas: Space which cannot be used for office workers but it is dedicated to particular function, ex- 13
archives, restaurant.
Core: It is defined as those parts of building that consists of elevators, lobby shafts, staircases, toilets,
mechanical and engineering services and ducts.
Duct: Vertical ducts required for heating, telephone electric, drainage and water supply; also, in air-conditioned
building for air Movement.
ELEVATORS: It should be grouped so that availability of any elevator in bank on any floor can be easily observed.
Its number and size depend upon
1. Population of building
2. Number of floors
3. Required waiting time.
For preliminary assumption the number of elevators required may be estimated on the basis of one elevator
per 25,000 sq. ft. of rentable area.
Elevator lobbies should be 6 to 9 ft. wide, if elevators are on the same side only; 10 to 12 ft. if elevators are on
both sides. Corridors are usually, 5 to 6 ft. wide.

MAJOR BANDS OF OFFICE SPACE DEPTHS:

NARROW-4000-6000 mm: suitable for single office room or for 2-3 open plan work place.
MEDIUM-6000-8000 mm: for enclosures larger than single room or for 3-5 open plan workplaces
DEEP-8000+ mm: more than 5 open work places.

SOME PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS:

 Heavy equipment's shall be placed against the walls or the columns to avoid floor overloading.
 Don't obstruct the exits, corridors or stairways, fire safety codes governing aisles, exits should be followed.
 Employees performing close work should be in best lighted areas.
 DESIGN OF OFFICE SHELL:
 Position of primary circulation: Fixed, may serve to one side or two.
 Position of core: placed centrally, or at one end, or detached. Central(interior): location has number of
advantages.
1. It allows all the windows space to be used as a rentable office space.
2. Depending on the configuration of building plans office of varying depths receiving natural lights.
 Page |
14

.
Maximum flexibility of rental area achieved by use Typical slab plan with service core at the center.
of clear-span framing and separate service tower.
at the center
RECEPTION AREA
 Proper design of the reception area is critical in communicating an organization's desired corporate image.
Reception spaces are both the first and last areas with which the visitor interacts and, accordingly, have
considerable visual impact in communicating that image.
 The reception space looks attractive, but it must function properly as well. The two most important planning
elements in this regard are the visitor's seating area and the receptionist's workstation or Desk.

CONFERENCE ROOM:
General Sessions and face to face groups with a high participation primarily concerned with planning, obtaining
facts and information or in solving organizational problems. Number of delegates attending the conference may
range up to 150 or more. Conference rooms is important part of office which is required to conduct meetings.
Conference rooms consist of different shapes of tables, arrangements and area according to the numbers of
persons to be seated. Consideration must be given to clearances and circulation around the larger conference
table, as indicated

LOCATION OF CONFERENCE ROOM

Centrally located to the users. Interior spaces which is not the most desirable for the office purpose can be used
for conference. This location eliminates outside distraction.

SIZE OF THE CONFERENCE ROOM

Designed to accommodate average but not max. attendance.
Extra chairs should be used to achieve additional seating.

CONFERENCE ROOM DESIGN

Programmatic requirement: To decide the type of room and capacity, reseating configuration.
Architectural requirement: room dimension, height, desirability of windows & divisibility, column free space,
acoustics, interior design.
 TYPE DESCRIPTION LAYOUT
1. U-SHAPED Seating around three aides of the room
It is good for presentation from front. Page |
Presentation space in the middle of the room. 15
Can be used for 50 persons.
Per seat area is 3.25 m2

2. BOARDOOM Centrally located table

Classic layout ideal for debate and discussion
Can be used for 5- 30 persons.
Per seat area is 3.71 m2

3. CABARET STYLE All delegates facing front-center on round

tables
Large space in the middle of the room
Ideal for small group of work
Per seat area is 1.57 m2

4. THEATRE STYLE Used for product launches, presentation &

displays
Used to present to large no of delegates
Presentation space in the middle of the room.
Can be used for 100-250 persons.
Per seat area is 0.83 m2
ARRANGEMENTS OF SEATING:

SPACE STANDARS
Consideration must be given to the clearance and circulation along the larger conference table as shown in the
below figure Page |
16

Seating standards for conference tables

 TYPE DIMENSION
A 1210-1520
B 100-150
C 510-610
D 150-255
E 460-610 Page |
F 790-910 17

LANDSCAPE AROUND AN OFFICE COMPLEX:

The primary issues are: -
 VISUAL PARAMETERS
 FUNCTIONAL ISSUES
 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

VISUAL PARAMETRS
 Green buffer in the form of trees and shrubs makes the
view from inside the building more pleasant promoters
prefer visibility from main road.
 Landscape design gets affected by the design of the
parking.
 Basement parking which releases an equivalent area at the
ground level for greens.

Emerging trend: visibility from the main road are traded off
in lieu of garden view for users

FUNCTIONAL ISSUES:
 Provide an outdoor space for lunch hour relaxation.
Smoking is banned in most offices; thus, an outdoor
smoking area would be a good amenity for the users
 In the form of gazebos or seats
in the landscape
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES:
 A good irrigation system is the lifeline of landscape.
 Using recycled water for nourishing the plants. Trellises are used to screen the view of parked
 Planting trees according to climate, in tropical climate
trees which consume less water should be planted. vehicle from higher floors of building.
EXHIBITION AREA
An exhibition is a nice presentation and display of a selection of items. In practice exhibitions usually occur
within galleries, museums, exhibition halls and world fairs. It includes galleries, interpretive exhibitions, natural
history museums, cultural museums and varieties of commercially focused museums and trade fairs.
SPACE STANDARDS Page |
 AISLES: 18
Must have a min. width of 3mtr.
Must equal total width of exiting exits.
Must have min. 2 exits.
Must have no dead ends.
 FIRE EXIT /CLEARWAYS:
Designated fire exits and clearways cannot be encroached upon under any circumstances. Storage of
materials and equipment in this area is not permitted. It is the responsibility of the organizers to ensure that
the stand holders comply with the requirements.
 PEDESTRIAN MOBILITY:
SENARIO A: multi-building scenario SENARIO B: single-building scenario SENARIO C: continuous and
with fragmented exhibiting spaces with continuous exhibiting spaces fragmented

GROUND FLOOR GROUND FLOOR GROUND FLOOR

FLOOR ABOVE FLOOR ABOVE FLOOR ABOVE

Figure showing various scenarios for pedestrian mobility for various types of exhibiting spaces
QUEUE MANAGEMENT Multiples entrances and exits
could be placed on each side of
the lot. It is preferred to have only
exits onto the main boulevard. If a
main entrance is planned onto the Page |
decumanus the queuing area 19
must not occupy or overflow the
Decumanus.

Entrances should be
differentiated on the basis of
user type. The ordinary queuing
area must be accommodated
inside the lot

Figure depicting various entries and exits required and types of entrances permissible for any exhibit area based on user group.

Extraordinary Queuing
Buffer Exhibit Area
The ordinary queuing must
It should be planned to
accommodate inside the lot.
accommodate and welcome
The extraordinary queuing
different types of visitors
outside the lot must not exceed
2mtr of the secondary path
width. The queue length must
not exceed the lot length.

Figure depicting various queuing area required both during light and high traffic. Also, buffer area needs to be provided to
accommodate various types of users.
GALLERY DESIGN BASED ON AN IDEA OF:
 What will be showing?
 No of exhibits planned per year?
 Kind of traveling exhibition hope to be scheduled?
 For permanent collection how many pieces will be remained on view?
 3D objects to be displayed in cases or pedestal?
also, on the mean adult eye level height, is about 5 ft planning considerations:

EXTERNAL
 General approach to the building.
 The access from the public parking must be direct, easy and inviting.
 Goods and services entry to be segregated the from public entrance
INTERNAL
 Within the building.
 Circulation of objects and goods.
 Circulation of staff and visitors.

“Movement of visitors in the exhibition space is an important aspect which need

to be carefully dealt with. “

LATERAL LIGHTING
 Side windows and openings in the walls at suitable distances
 Shads full and agreeable light on exhibits placed against the other walls and in the centre of the room at the
correct angle to the source of light.
LIGHTING:
 Natural
1. Skylights
2. Windows& punctures
 Artificial
1. Showcases lit by lamps at 30º
2. Paintings lit by lamps at 45
RESTRAUNTS
A place where people pay to sit and eat meals that are cooked and served on the premises. Based upon the
menu style, preparation method and pricing various types of restaurants are classified:

Page |
TYPE DESCRIPTION 21

1. Fine dining These are full services restaurants with specific dedicated meal
restaurants with course.
bar Décor of such restaurants features higher quality materials with
an eye towards the “atmosphere”
2. Casual dining It serves moderately- priced food in a casual atmosphere.
restaurants Except for Buffet- style casual dining restaurants typically
provide Table service.

RELATIONSHIP OF MAIN
ELEMENTS

 The layout and relationship of main

elements is dependent on the type of
the facility.
 The kitchen and the preparation
areas will equal about 50 % of the
dining space and the storage will be
about 1.5-2 times the kitchen area.

SPACE STANDARS
The basic components of any restaurant
interior are the chair and the table.
Depending upon restaurant type, menu,
service, furniture selection, and degree
intimacy required, table size and overall
air space requirements can, and should
vary greatly.
 Restaurants should be planned so
Figure shows the relationship between major spaces
that varieties of seating arrangements are possible
like tables for two and four.
 To eat comfortably one person requires 600mm wide and 400mm deep table. This provide sufficient
clearance space for adjacent dinner.
 Round table or table for six or eight people diameter 0f
915 –1200 mm is ideal for 4 persons and can also take
one or more dinners.
 The best utilization of space can often be arrived at
through the use of templates or scaled models.
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 Diagonal arrangement of square tables utilizes space 22
better then square arrangement.
 Service aisles should be 900-1350mm wide if used both
by trolleys and guests.
 Area required per person ranges from1.3-1.9m2.
 There must be clarity in organization between self-
service, fast food etc. and a separate smoking area.
 Square meters per seat for different types of
operations:
1. Cafeteria commercial. . . . . . . . .. 1.48-1.67
1. table service . . . . . . . . .. 1.11-1.39
2. Counter service . . . . . . . . .. 1.67-1.85
3. Table service, hotel, club restaurant . . . . . . . . .. 1.39-
1.67
4. Table service, minimum eating. . . . . . . . .. 1.02-1.3

Square tables with diagonal layout Circular Tables with Diagonal layout
 Page |
23

Square tables with square layout

Area required by an individual diner

Circulation space requirements

BAR SERVICE
 To encourage business from non-diners the main bar may have an external entrance.
 A fairly long bar counter supported by store and place for seating should be provided.
 Cocktail lounge(comfortable) 1.8-2.0m2 per person.
 General bars (some standing and on stools)- 1.3-1.70m2 per person. Page |
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TYPE DIMENSION (mm2)

A 1370

B 450-610

C 610

D 760

E 400-450

F 610-760

G 760-910

H 710

Bar Circulation Dimension

TOILET FACILITY
SANITARY APPLIANCE MALE FEAMLE

1 WC 1 per 100 up to 400 males. For 2 per 50 up to 200 females. For over
more than 400 males add at 200 add at the rate of 1 per 100
the rate of 1per 250 males females
2 URINALS 1 per 50 males
_

3 WASH BASINS 1 per WC and in addition 1 per 1 per WC

5 urinals

4 TOILETS FOR One unisex compartment should be reasonably close by.

DISABLED
CENTRAL KITCHEN
Kitchen sizes depend on the number of meals served at peak periods of the day: normally lunch, but in some
cases dinner. It also depends on the number of customer seats, customer expectations and proportion of raw
materials which have to freshly prepared. Its requirements vary depending on the preparation method used.
Page |
25

First figure shows the kitchen and work space requirements in restaurants and
hotels and the second figure shows the programmed kitchen function diagram

Convention kitchen with direct meal survey

Group catering for a larger no of people requires labor saving mechanization and automatic units i.e. a
programmed kitchen from meals plan, through goods procurement to meal distribution and crockery cleaning
for 800- 1000 table places.
 About 10-15% of the kitchen area should be reserved for offices and staff rooms. Kitchen staff must be
provided with changing rooms (0.6m2/ person), a washroom, toilets (0.4m2/ person) and locker room. Page |
 The kitchen should be planned on one level to serve all catering outlets. 26
 If not possible, the main kitchen and main restaurant should be on the same level, with preparation and
storage at different level.
 Banquet service area not next to kitchen should be linked by service lifts and stairs and have their own
forward service equipment.
 Certain of the preparation processes may be located on separate floors. A bakery for example may be tucked
out of the way but thought must be given to the flow of material to and away from the area.
 Generally, the plan is continuous process always moving forward one step to another with back tracking and
cross overs as far as possible.

Central kitchen linked with packing and freezing unit unit

PARKING ANALYSIS:
TYPES OF CAR PARKING:
 Surface
 Outside or Structured
 Basement Page |
27

Turning radius of car

Dimension of vehicle Inner radius 3.5m
Car - 5.0m x 2.5m Outer radius 5.0m
Two-wheeler - 2.5m x 0.5m Turning radius of Commercial
Medium size commercial vehicle
vehicle - 11m x 2.5m
Inner radius 4.5m
SURFACE PAKING Outer radius 12m

Aesthetically pleasing and functional parking areas

that fulfill the needs and requirements of the users should be the primary goal of the designer. Parking stalls
should be built to accommodate the large cars frequently used not specifically the largest. Parking spaces may
be perpendicular and angled (300, 600 and 450) to the driving lane. The area per ECS for surface car parking is
23m2 as per DDA.

TYPE DESCRIPTION LAYOUT ADVANTAGES/

DISADVANTAGES
PERPEND-  effective in low Advantages
ICULAR turnover rate or Works well with
long-term parking either one- or two-
area way aisles.
 the perpendicular, Handles the most
or 90-degree vehicles per square
parking meter of pavement.
configuration is Disadvantages
the most efficient Requires widest area.
and economical Difficult
since it maneuvering for
accommodates some drivers.
the most vehicles Two-way traffic can
per linear meter. create some visibility
problems.
ANGLED  This parking area Advantages
configuration is Easy maneuvering in
(600)
ideal for a fast and out of parking
turnover rate or spaces.
predominantly Good visibility.
short-term use. Lends itself to either Page |
 This is often offset one-or two-way 28
by difficulties of aisles.
inefficient Most common short-
circulation term parking
patterns and one- configuration.
way aisles.
Disadvantages
Requires more
pavement per vehicle
than perpendicular
configuration.
Handles less vehicles
per linear meter.

ANGLED  The 45-degree Advantages

angled parking Reduced width
(450)
configuration requirements for
displays similar layout.
benefits and Easy maneuvering in
limitations as the and out of parking
spaces.
60 degree.
Good visibility to the
rear.
Disadvantages
Doesn't work well
with two-way aisles.
Requires more
pavement per vehicle
than perpendicular
parking
configuration.

BASEMENT PAKING
 Every basement shall be in every part at least 2.4 m in height from the floor to the underside of the roof
slab or ceiling.
 Adequate ventilation should be provided for the basement.
 The access to the basement shall be separate from the main and the alternative staircases providing
access and exit from higher floors.
 Height of ceiling of basement not less than 0.9m and not more than 1.2 m above surrounding ground level
 Surface drainage not to enter the basement
 Adequate damp-proofing treatment. Walls and floors to be water tight
 Area per ECS for basement car parking is 32m2 as per DDA.

RAMPS Page |
29
There are various ramp systems for gaining
access to upper and lower floors of car-parks.
 The gradients of the ramps should not
exceed 15%, or in the case of small
garages 20%. A horizontal run of more
than 5m must be included between an
area carrying general traffic and ramps
with more than 5% gradient. For car
ramps the run must be more than 3 m
long, with ramps that can be up to 10%
gradient. Change of gradient of ramp
 RAMP DESIGN

1)OPPOSED •Vehicles rotate in the same direction

RAMP •Up and down ramps in opposite direction
DESIGN •Required ramp surfaces to be opposed
•The operation is safer

2) •Up and down ramp slope in the same

PARALLEL direction
•Ramp surfaces are parallel
•Vehicles must rotate in opposite direction
•Cheaper to construct
RAMP TYPES

STRAIGHT  Usually rectangular shaped with ramp well along

RAMP the structure’s longer side dimension.
 More horizontal distance is required to satisfy ramp
grade criteria than accommodate vehicular Page |
movement between ramp ends.
30
ADVANTAGES
 Requires less floor area and simple to construct.
 Economical space on lot that is long and narrow.
DISADVANTAGES
 Cause difficulties to get on and off straight ramp
(Sharp turn).
 Having two ways circulation lanes on parking floor
may be hazardous.
 Up and down circulation lanes intersect on the
parking floor unless the floor area is so large that
each circulation can be kept within its own half on
one-way lanes

CURVED  Single surfaces that permits vehicles to travel on a

RAMP continuous helical path between parking levels.
 Movement; Up-counterclockwise
Down-counterclockwise
 Directly above each other on succeeding floor
 Should be clearway type
 Continuous-360º of rotation between two parking
levels
 Diameter of ramp is controlled by required turning
radius (min 45 ft)
ADVANTAGES
 Offer better traffic operation by providing gradual
turning as compared to sharp turning movement
usually required at ends of straight ramp
 No crossing of up and down traffic, even at parking
floor connection
 Located near corners of rectangular structure to
minimize floor space loss
 Driver have a clear view each way even there is a
crossing of traffic at each parking floor
DISADVANTAGES
 Super elevation at ends of straight ramp create
undesirable wrapping of floor areas
 costly to construct
 requires more space than straight ramp. (fit narrow
site but waste more spaces)
RAMP SYSTEM
Clearway •Interflow travel path completely
parking separated from potentially conflicting
parking –unparking movements
•Provide safest movement with least Page |
31
delay
•Preferred for self-park design
•Feasible for small garage sites

Adjacent •Part or all of ramp travel is performed on

parking access aisles
•Requires less area per parking stall
•Twofold use of travel paths
•Feasible for smaller land parcel
•More susceptible to traffic movement
delays
•Has potential in causing accident

FLOOR SYSTEM
TYPE DESCRIPTION

SPLIT-LEVEL •Floor levels in one section Advantages

OR is staggered vertically by •Construction is relatively simple
STAGGERED one half story from those •The design fits well on rectangular sites
in adjacent sections •Efficient in terms of floor space per vehicle parking stall
FLOOR
•Applicable to small, high-
SYSTEMS
cost sites where maximum Disadvantages
use of space must be •Frequent conflicts may arise between circulating traffic and
achieved parking and un-parking vehicles
SLOPING- •Consist of sloping levels Advantages
FLOOR (full width •The relatively flat floor slope permits comfortable parking and
SYSTEMS ramp/continuous ramp) pedestrian walking
•Contains two adjacent •Each entering customer has an opportunity to park in the first
parking modules tilted in available space as parking is adjacent to the interflow
opposite directions circulation system Page |
•Well-suited to self-park •Floor-to-floor travel distance is greater in sloping-floor 32
operations garages than in other types of ramp garages

Disadvantages
•Cause congestion during peak out-bound movements

SPLIT-LEVEL OR STAGGERED FLOOR SYSTEMS SLOPING-FLOOR SYSTEMS

SPECIAL SERVICES RELATING TO THE PROJECTS
SPECIAL SERVICES area various services in the building which improves the efficiency of building. These are
analyzed according to the NBC standards:
a) Fire fighting
b) Vertical transportation Page |
33
A. FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE PROTECTION
 IS:1643 – 1988; NBC 20016 Part IV
 Mandatory requirements for fire protection if height of building exceeds 15 m.

B. VERTICAL CIRCULATION

 All assembly buildings having area more than 500m2 on each floor should have minimum of staircases.
 The minimum width of a staircase in an assembly building should be 1500mm.
 The formula for most staircases of twice the rise plus the going lies between 600 and 630 mm will give a
suitable relationship.
 The riser should not exceed 190mm and the going should not be less than 250mm.
 The top of the handrail should be 900 to 1000 mm above the pitch line.
 The minimum
 headroom for the passage under the landing of a staircase and under the staircase should be 2200mm.

Maximum Pitch Rise Going Max. risers per flight

32.7degrees Minimum 135 Minimum 250 16
Maximum 190 Maximum 340

LIFTS/ ELEVATORS:

 Location-
Passengers lifts should be within a reasonable walking distance from the farthest part of the floor
areas served (say, 70m maximum) and where they are the only or main lifts near the entrance. The location of
good and service lifts will depend on their function, but they should not open to passengers lift lobby or public
spaces.
 Planning a passenger lift:
Cul-de-sac or recessed lobbies are essential to get the maximum performance lift groups. Clearly
having called for lit service waiting passengers should not have to walk further than necessary to the responding
lift car, and should not be obstructed by passer-by.
 Page |
34

Plan for the recessed lobby and the machine Plan for the cul-de-sac lobby and the machine
room for multi lift installation room for multi lift installation
SELECTING THE SIZE OF AN ELEVATOR:
TYPE CAPACITY/ SHAFT SIZE CAR SIZE DOOR PIT
LOAD
Persons/kg mm mm mm mm
General purpose 13/1000 2400X2300 1600 X1400 1100 1800
passenger traffic 16/1250 2600X2300 1950 X1400 1100 1900
(speed: 1m/s) 21/1600 2600X2600 1950X1750 1100 1900
Intensive passenger 13/1000 2400X2300 1600 X1400 1100 2800
electric traction (speed: 16/1250 2600X2300 1950 X1400 1100 2800
2.5m/s) 21/1600 2600X2600 1950 X1750 1100 2800
General purpose goods 13/1000 2100X2100 1400X1800 1400 1500
lifts, electric traction
(speed: 0.5/0.63/ 1m/s)
Heavy-duty goods, 26/2000 2600X2900 1700X2000 1700 1500-1800
electric traction 26/2000 2900X2500 2000X2100 1800 1500-1800

RAMPS:

 Location
These are used toa allow wheeled of such
vehicles landing in a straight
as trolleys, external and
wheelchairs rampbuggies to change levels.
 A ramp when provided should not have a slope greater than 1 in 20 or maximum 1 in 12 for short distance
up to 9000mm.
 Each ramp shall at least 1800 mm of straight clearance at the bottom.
 At least one entrance usable by individuals in wheel chairs shall be on a level that would make the elevators
accessible.
 WIDTH OF A RAMP: It is determined according to type and intensity of use. One-way travel requires a
minimum width of 900mm clear, whereas two-way travel needs 1500 mm. Where turn occurs at landings
Page |
adequate space for maneuvering wheel chairs must be provided. 35

ESCALATORS
These are required for continuous mass transportation of people. The standard dimensions for various depths
of an escalator are prescribed in the table.
Step Width 600 800 1000
A 605-620 805-820 1005-1020
B 1170-1220 1320-1420 1570-1620
C 1280 1480 1680
Transportation 5000-6000 7000-8000 8000-10000
capacity/hr.

Cross-section of an escalator Escalator width

 Angle of inclination of an escalator from the horizontal shall not exceed 300 but for risers not exceeding 6m
the angle of inclination is permitted to be increased up to 35 0.
 In accordance with a worldwide standard the width of the step to be used is 60cm (for one person), 80cm
(for one-to-two people width) and 100 cm. A 100 cm provide ample space for carrying goods.
 Calculation of length in plan for an escalator:
1. with 30deg. Escalator= 1.732m story height
2. with 35deg. Escalator= 1.428m story height
 The landing area of escalator shall have a surface that provides a secure foot hold for a minimum 0.85m
measured from the root of thee comb teeth.
 Page |
36
Superimposed Crossover Double-Crossover

PROVISIONS FO PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED:

TOILET
A 5' x 5' stall is usable by most people and has the following
requirements.
1. Stall must be 5 x 5 ft
2. W.C. center line is 1 ft6 in from side wall
3. 32 in door diagonally opposite W.C.
4. Handrail extends 1 ft6 in in front of W.C.
5. Standard partition toe clearance

TICKET OFFICE /TICKETING KIOSK

 All areas must be well and
evenly lit. Size of opening
leaf of all doors should be,
when measured in the 90-
degree open position, at
least 76cm wide.
 Size of unobstructed space
in-front of doors - Minimum
space 90cm x 120cm, lack of
clear unobstructed space
can result in a guest not
being able to enter the
room.
 Clear glass panels and doors
should be clearly marked.
ATM designed to be used from
wheelchair
Ticket Counter
MATERIALS, METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION AND STRUCTRAL SYSTEM
CONSTRUCTION METHOD:
 Structure is designed as an RCC framed structure with vertical column and beams.
 The selection of material according to the type of construction and local conditions and availability.
A) BASIC MATERIAL i.e. Brick, Concrete blocks and Stone. Page |
B) STEEL For reinforcements. 37

C)AESTHETICAL MATERIAL i.e. wood, and glass.

D)ACOUSTICAL MATERIAL i.e. Gypsum board, plaster of Paris.
•Structural Framework (beam, column and slab) are made up of RCC.
•Brick is used as infill material for making walls.
•Curtain wall or glazed wall is used in some part of structure mainly in North side to admit day lighting in the
interior.
•Wood is used in interior for paneling and false ceiling.
•Acoustical material like gypsum board, POP etc. used in conference Rooms, and auditorium to prevent entry
of noise in the building.
•Tiles used for flooring in the building .and dado walls in washrooms.

STRUCTURE SYSTEM:
R.C.C framed structure consist of foundations supporting the structure, the main vertical and horizontal
members supporting the internal loads and special provision exterior forces of wind on walls.
The use of precast bldg. Components, limits the uncertainties inherent in consist construction, reducing the
variability in site wastes.
The use of modular concrete bldg. System leads to the following benefits maximizing ad optimizing energy
performance as well as the potential reuse of existing structural or interior bldg. elements.

ACRYLITE ACRYLIC SHEET:

It is lightweight substitute for glass that has better optical quality and more is economical. It provides low
distortion and doesn’t yellow after prolong exposure to sun light. It also offers four times more impact resistance
than sunlight. SHEET SIZES: 48 by 96, 51 by 100, 72 by 96, 100 by 100, 100 by 150.

THE BENEFITS OF AN ENERGY EFFICIENT, HIGH PERFORMANCE GLAZING SYSTEM ARE:

 Lowered cooling demand in the perimeter areas of the building, requiring smaller heating, ventilating and
air-conditioning (HVAC) plant and reduced energy use for cooling.
 Higher levels of natural light (or daylight), enhancing visual and psychological comfort of occupants. A well-
lit, comfortable work environment has been linked with reduced absenteeism.
 The extra daylight can be utilized conjunction with daylight linked electric lighting control to reduce energy
use for lighting.
 Since electric lighting is a heat load, this has an implication in further reducing HVAC cooling needs.
 VIGYAN BHAWAN, NEW DELHI
Vigyan Bhawan is India’s largest and most prestigious conference center which has been hosting numerous
conventions and conference at the national and international level as early as from 1956 when it was designed
and constructed by CPWD. It is one of the centrepin India whose conferencing facilities can compete with those
Page |
in any corner of the world; very close to international standards. 38

LOCATION: -
Vigyan Bhawan is located on Maulana Azad road some distance away from the intersection of Rajpath and
Janpath. It is located between National Museum and vice president’s residence on the other side. This building
is hardly a furlong from the Rashtrapati Bhawan.

CONCEPT
Dominance of main plenary hall surrounded on sides with corridors leading to commission rooms and
administration offices. The whole building is purely functional with no features of any style for Chaitya Arch to
emphasize entries. The whole building is artificially ventilated fence no courtyards. The building is sadly lacking
in relief spaces.

OWNER: Government of India BUILT: 1956

INTENT OF THE STUDY

 To study the conference halls.
 To understand the common facilities provided for information and dissemination.
 To study façade treatment, materials, landscape and climate-tempered courtyards.
 Finally, to analyze the architectural character, circular-vehicular and pedestrian, the services provided and
parking the vehicles.

Location of Vigyan Bhawan

ACCESS:
The complex can be approached by 3 main entrances through the Maulana
Azad road on the southern side of the complex.
As per figure,
Entry1: VIP Entrance
Page |
Entry2: Delegates, journalists, media etc. 39
Entry3: Staff and visitors of the Annex building
Entry3 also serves as the service entry for the kitchen, A/C plant rooms in
the complex.
All the three entrances meet the service road on the rear end of the
building.

TOPOGRAPHY: Flat

Entrance Arch is granite

AREA STATEMENT:
MAIN BUILDING ANNEXE BUILDING
Total plot area: 11.20 Acres/ 45,300m2 Ground floor: 4037.43 sq.m.
Main building: 7195.44sqm First floor: 3365.85 sq.m.
Ground floor: 6317.37sqm Second floor: 3365.85 sq.m.
First floor: 990.48 sq.m. Link passage: 56.00 sq.m.
Mezzanine floor: 6409.35 sq.m.

GENERAL PLANNING: Vigyan Bhawan consists of three building:

The main building, The annex building & The dining hall.

VARIOUS COMPONENTS (FUNCTIONAL AREAS) AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP;

ENTRANCES
The complex has three main entries
 The western entry for VIP and delegates
 The middle entry is for media, delegates,
members of main Vigyan Bhawan administration
and serves, kitchen etc. It also leads to telex,
bank, telephone kiosks.
 The eastern entry is for annex building used by
staff, delegates, media and serves as the service
entry for kitchen, A/C plant rooms etc.
MAIN HALL BUILDING
The main building a three storied structure with a total plinth area of about 17222sq.mts has following
functional areas:
 The main three storied consist of three parts:  Exhibition hall & business centre.
 The plenary hall i.e. main auditorium hall.  The administrative block with control rooms.
Page |
 Three committee rooms i.e. halls 1,2&3  The rear portion consists of three committee
40
 Two commission rooms i.e. halls 4&5· rooms, two commission rooms, one Projection
 Preview cum projection theatre i.e. hall 6 Theater, lounge and cafeteria.
 VIP lounge & VIP dining hall.

Site zoning and access to Vigyan Bhawan

THE GROUND FLOOR:
The main building is a three storied structure with a total plinth area of about 17222 m 2. The ground floor
consists of following components:

FOYER
Each of the 3 entrances leads onto a foyer with one serving the
main entrance being the largest.
 Main foyer has flight of steps leading to the main hall and
upper floors.
 The space of the foyer is less as compared to the capacity.
This leads to the congestion during peak hrs.
 Location of main lift bank for vertical circulation is far away Flight or steps leading to main hall
from the main entry in VIP foyer.
 The staff entry is on the other side and has a chaitya arch in red sandstone, but of smaller scale. The staff
entry and the offices placed on one end generate a well-defined staff movement.
ATRIUM
 Ground floor has an atrium of 367 sqm.
 It is provided with space frame and heat
 reflecting glass roof which permits natural
 light into the area.
Page |
 Used for dinning by the conference attendees and 41
 is decorated with a water fountain.
 The atrium can hold up to 650 people while standing.

CIRCULATION
 The main circulation is via a doubly loaded corridor. There seems Atrium covered by space frame.

to be absence of clarity in planning as one move along them.

PLENARY HALL
Heralded by the y of Vigyan Bhawan the entrance foyer to this hall
is a magnificent and elegant sight with a plush interior.
 The conference hall has a stage that is approached by steps
which give it a podium effect. It measures 42 X 48 m.
 Largest hall with 1285 seats arranged in fan shaped curvilinear
staggered seating arrangement with a break up of 900 on the
ground floor and 300 in balcony.
 It has fixed tables and moveable chairs for 900 and only 300 fixed
chairs for the rest. View of the hall
 There are press observer galleries accessible and approached
from second floor. There are three balconies on either side of
the hall on an average height of 11m from the ground level.

STAGE:
 The stage is far and can be approached directly from the VIP entrance
accommodates 37 people.
 Built-in podium style the floor and furniture are so designed so as to
integrate the conferencing
system, the computer
networking, infra-red system
and public address
system.

VIP entrance A view of Stage

OFFICE BLOCK AND BUSINESS CNETER
 The support offices for conventions are located in the office block on the eastern side covering an area of
770m2.
 There are 15 rooms with an area of 15.5m2 and 2 rooms of 47m2.
 It has an audio-video recording studio with an area of 30m2 for on the spot interviews.
 A business center with provision for a bank, travel desk, post office, secretarial services and telephones etc.
is located adjacent to the main atrium lobby.
 The block is of load bearing masonry with R.C.C. slabs for roof and terraces. The walls on ground floor are
450 mm thick and 340mm thick on the upper floors with partition wall remain 115mm thick. Foundation
depth of R.C.C strip footing is 1.2m.
 The corridor linking the office spaces are 2.7 wide and the block is carpeted.

DINING AND CENTRAL KITCHEN

 An exclusive VIP lounge is located adjacent to the VIP entrance serving only the prime minister and the
president of the country.
 A separate lounge adjacent to the VIP lounge serves the other delegates. Also, the atrium is used for dining
purposes.
 A central kitchen is located on the located on the ground floor which serves all lounges and banquet halls.
 The kitchen doesn’t serve the atrium dining hall directly but serves all lounges and banquet halls.
 A service corridor accompanies hall no.1 which leads to central kitchen. This act as pantry not kitchen.
 There is a separate entry to the kitchen from the backside. The corridor has two lifts (one smaller for kitchen
utensils and furniture transport).

VIP lounge

Central Kitchen
CONFERENCE ROOM-HALL NO-1
 Adjacent to the plenary hall on the rear end lies the hall no.1.
 This hall can accommodate 74 delegates and has a fixed round
table style conference furniture.
 Around 37 delegates can be seated around the table while the
Page |
37 are seated along the edge of the room. 43

VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION
 For ease in vertical circulation, three different cores are
provided in the main building segregating the users of the building. Conference room
 At the main entrance, two staircases are provided on opposite sides of the
foyer.
 In the rear end, an atrium is pierced through the building which houses a pair of staircases and an escalator.
 This atrium is also the major source of light with in the area.
 The third staircase is located at the western entrance of the building which is used by staff only.
 Also, a separate core is located just at the VIP entrance including a lift and a staircase which can only be
accessed by VIPs.

The atrium at the rear end of the building a

staircase and an escalator

Location of various Vertical transportation cores

THE FIRST FLOOR
 The first-floor covers a plinth area of 17000m2 approachable by staircase and escalator.
 It consists of an exhibition space and conference
rooms 2,3 and 4.
 The exhibition hall covers an area of 170 m2 and
Page |
has an attached pre-functional lounge that can be used to put a temporary small bar counter. 44
 The conference halls 2,3 and 4 have a seating capacity 68, 83 and 171 respectively.
 Conference hall 4 has a fan shaped curvilinear staggered seating arrangement where as 2 and 3 have round
table conference seating arrangement.

Hall2 with round table conference facility

THE SECOND FLOOR

 It consists of preview theatre 5 and 6.
 Both the theatres have fan type seating arrangement with
hall no. 5having an electric communication facility on each
meanwhile hall 6 accommodates only staggering seats
similar to an auditorium. First floor plan
 Hall no. 5 can comfortably seat 263 people while hall no.
6 has a capacity of 373 people.

Hall 5 with writing desks for each seat

Hall 6 with staggered seat arrangement
SPECIAL SERVICES

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

·There exists a close circuit television (C.C.T.V.), any visible fire can be seen on video recording. Page |
·There exist wet riser systems with three risers and a ring of piping and external yard hydrant. 45
·An automatic sprinkler system is provided with a separate pumping system.
·The sprinklers are located within the false ceiling.
·There are also smoke and beam detectors.
·There set off fire alarms with electronic panels located in each building to pin point the location of fire. There
is a separate underground fire tank with a capacity of 65000 liters reserved water located in the rear of the
complex.
·The main building has been compartmentalized with fire check doors.

ORIENTATION OF THE BUILDING

 The orientation of the building is North-South direction.
 The conference rooms lounge and cafeteria are all located on the northern side of the building as it provides
a good view of central vista.
 The VIP entrance is located on the western side of the building keeping it totally separate from other
entrances.
 The entrance foyer is located on the southern side of the building.

THE ANNEXE BUILDING

 It is a 3-story high building which was built in 1970 to provide additional facilities to the complex.
 The building houses for committee rooms, press work area, cafeteria, a big lounge, telex room, telephone
booths etc.

MATERIALS USED AND STRUCTURE

 The complex is a simple column beam structure.
 White paint has been used on the both parts of the Buildings at the exterior.
 A black granite arch is used at center of the Annex building.

INFERENCES
• Well planned services should be planned in all the halls.
• Acoustically well maintained in terms of materials and planning.
• Entry for V.I.P s is well defined and the lounges are also accessible from the conference hall, but the corridor
which has been given should be broader than existing size.
• The main entry, foyer to the auditorium is not sufficient.
• Column placing is also so congested by bringing together a number of institutes from various habitat related
professions in one complex, the complex problems of meeting facilities, co-ordination between different
professionals and the problems
like car parking, food services etc. have been smartly solved.
• The blocks have been functionally demarcated -North block comprises of office space and ancillary facilities
Page |
are in south block –resulting in well co-coordinated spaces. 46
• The articulation of the blocks has been largely successful in achieving the design objectives.
Computerized building management system has been designed for the efficient operation of all systems
including watering of window boxes and the detection of faults.
• The grouping of 6-7 story building blocks has been done around climate-tempered courtyards, which has
enlivened up the atmosphere inside the complex.
• Façade treatment on the exterior presents a very stable and strong visual effect by use of special bricks
whereas the inner façades are very light, delicate and support light hanging gardens.
• The structure of the building is thoughtfully designed R.C.C. frame structure, which has created flexible spaces
in the interior.
• Vehicular movement is restricted only to the periphery of the site with only pedestrian movement allowed
inside the blocks creating a very clean environment. Parking has been kept in the basement allowing rest of the
site to be landscaped.

CONCLUSION:
 It marks a transition in the architecture of Joseph Allen Stein.
 The centre is organized as a series of 4-7 story blocks around linked courtyards.
 Office areas given access from inside the courts. 25% of total area goes to landscaped court.
 Services: total service area-53,000 sq.m built up area with two basements, each 18, 000 sq.m. Allowing
parking of 953 cars.
 The whole building is air conditioned and the basements are mechanically ventilated.
 Fire escape stairs and lobbies are pressurized to prevent spread of fire along vertical shafts.
 The window boxes are watered and computer operated building management systems does the detection
of fault.
 Page |
47

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

 Page |
48

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

JAIPUR EXHIBITION AND CONVENTION
CENTER (JECC) is a unit of diligent pink city center
pvt. Ltd. JECC is the largest pillarless exhibition-
convention-entertainment facility of its kind in all of
South Asia. The multi-purpose spaces at JECC features Page |
49
striking contemporary design, making them the perfect
venues for all type of events including Exhibition,
Conferences, Corporate meetings, Entertainment events,
Seminars and Banquets. In addition to being the perfect
back drop for any occasion, the experts at JECC provide
end to end planning and management making it one-stop

LOCATION
 Diligent Pink city Pvt. Ltd. Exhibition ground, Riico
Industrial area, Sitapura, Sanganer Jaipur
 CLIENT: Dangayach Group and Riico
 TYPE: Hospitality and Commercial
 LAND AREA- 42 Acres
 ARCHITECT: MA Architects

 Accessibility from JLN Marg Bus stop: destination for world class services.
14 min.- 10KM

Accessibility from Jaipur Junction Railway station:

15min- 11KM

 Accessibility from Jaipur International Airport:

16 min.- 9.9 KM

INTENT OF MY STUDY
 To study the zoning and planning of site.
 To understand the planning and facilities provided at the
Convention center.
 To study both the outdoor and indoor exhibitions.
 To study the landscape and special services provided for
the center.
 SITE PLAN

Page |
50

BUILT UP AREA: 27413 sq.m

PARKING AREA: 19027 sq.m

1. Convention Center
2. Exhibition Hall-1
 Parking for public visitors including 2 wheelers
3. Exhibition Hall-2
and 4 wheelers.
4. Service Area
 Parking for VIP Delegates.
5. Food Court
 Page |
51

OUTDOOR EXHIBITION AREA:

ROAD NETWORK AREA: 17543 sq.m 5544sq.m
 The rod network is connected to all the blocks
and this road is connected through service
road at the back.

LANDSCAPE AREA: 99278sq.m

 The landscape has a huge part in the site
which enhance the beauty of the JECC.
 There is a separated landscape portion given
in front of every block and the pathways.

SITE ZONING
This is the site zoning of Jaipur Exhibition and Convention center which main 6 main entry/exit
which includes service entry also. One entry is at the back side of the convention center which
is combined entrance for VIP and hotel guests from back.
There is specified entry for VIP delegates and public who come at JECC as a visitor. There are
Page |
four major blocks which are shown in color coding- Convention center, Exhibition Hall 1, 52
Exhibition Hall 2, Service area and Food Court. It has an outer open Exhibition area.
The circulation and connectivity between the blocks are perfectly organized and easy to
commute.
CONVENTION CENTER
Connected to hall 1 and the upcoming 5-
star Hotel, the convention center of JECC is
capable of holding both plenary sessions
and international congress. The main Page |
entrance of the building first brings you at 53
the permanent registration counter that in
turn gave to spacious pre-function foyer.
Space here can also be utilized for mini
exhibitions and displays. The pre functional
foyer also extends itself to another floor.

TOILETS
BASEMENT TOILETS
&FIRST STAIRCASE
FLOOR
GREEN
VIP
ROOM 1&2
FEMALE LOUNGE
TOILET

BACKSTAGE
AREA
MALE CORRIDOR
TOILET

CONVENTIONAL
HALL
HANDICAP
TOILET
LOBBY ENTRY

LIFT
T
PRE-FUNCTION STAIRCASE
FOYER

FIRST
FLOOR
CONVENTION DROP-OFF
CANOPY

CONVENTION CENTER GROUND FLOOR

ZONING
 MEETING
ROOM LIFT

BREAKOUT AV ROOM
AREA 1 STAIRS

BOARD-ROOM F/M/H
BOARDROOM 1 3 ELECTRIC TOILETS
PANEL
BREAKOUT ROOM Page |
AREA 2 54
VIP LOUNGE
SERVICE
BOARDROOM 2 LOBBY

BUISINESS VC BOARDROOM
SERVICE
CENTER STORE
LIFT
AV ROOM

PASSAGE/
CORRIDOR CONVENTIONAL
INTERPRETER HALL A.H.U
ROOM
STAIRCASE
CORRIDOR

F/M/H
TOILETS AV ROOM
PRE-FUNCTION STAIRCASE
FOYER
LIFT

CONVENTION CENTER FIRST FLOOR

ZONING

The Ground level foyer takes you to the 1,100 sq.m.

ballroom that has 1200 delegates capacity and has
a stage size of 32’ X 24’. It also has a retractable
fitted seating for 740. Two green rooms and a VIP
lounge are located just adjacent to ballroom.
This expensive center further includes 13 breakout
rooms on the upper floor. The whole center is well-
equipped with AV set-up and interpreter rooms
for six language. Space of these rooms varies VIEW OF BALL ROOM
from 127 sq.m to 64 sq.m meter thus providing
you the provision of provision of proper
customization.
 Basement Parking: 4418.2 sq.m TO BASEMENT
There is future basement extension RAMP
parking space is given. LIFT
There is approx. 150 cars parking is there.
CORRIDO
R Page |
The staircase, lifts and ramp CAR PARKING 55
BUSINESS
These are the services given in & RECEIVING
LOUNGE
basement for public to commute. AREA PRE-
FUNCTION
FOYER
568.8 sq.m area for Pump rom=om MEETING
which includes: ROOM
MALE/FEMALE
1. Fire Water Tank TOILETS STAIRCASE
2. Raw Water Tank
3. Domestic Water Tank
CONVENTION CENTER BASEMENT ZONING

RAMP FROM
GROUND TO LG

ELECTRIC
PANEL

DRAINAGE
BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN CHANNEL
 Page |
56
30 PEOPLE BOARD ROOM

WALL PANELLING OF CC

These are the 7 Meeting rooms for the

delegate. They are designed for 15 persons
of area 750 sq.m.
LOWER LEVEL GROUND
This color is valet parking for VIPS and
people who has come for meetings. The
total area is 1123.4 sq.m.

The staircase, Lift part

The Business Lounge 112.3 sq.m

Conference room Fire exit Fire Alarms The circulation part 578.2 sq.m
 Service area which includes backstage ramp This is service area which has backstage
& the area is 708.9 sqm. There is VIP lounge and area, air handling room, the interpreter room
green room excluded. and the AV room 587.1 sqm.
There is a male toilet 109.2 sqm and then This is a male toilet 109.2 sqm and there is
there is staircase in between then there is female a staircase. In between them there is a female
toilet of 62.1sqm with physically disabled also. toilet of 62.1 sqm. With physical disabled also. Page |
The circulation which is called pre function These are the board rooms/ meeting 57
foyer after entering both the gate which is of rooms/ vary different area and according to the
1185.2 sq.m furniture layout is decided.
This is the entrance foyer of Hotel Novotel This includes lifts staircases only which is
which is proposed and it has an area of 1172.1 230.2 sq.m
sq.m. The circulation which is called the pre
This the space called green room which is function foyer after entering both the gate
used before or an after event which has which of 1145.2 sq.m
separated male and female green room with The ballroom/ auditorium has 1000-11-00
area of 54.3 sq.m. capacity with area 1329.2 sq.m. It has 8 huge
The Ballroom/ Auditorium have 1000-1100 openings with entry and exits, also the back
capacity with area of 1329.2 sq.m. It has 8 huge gates.
opening with entry and exit also the back stage This is the business lounge which has area
gates. The stage is 32’X24’. of 112.2 sq.m
This includes lifts staircases only which is
23.2 sqm.
This is the area for VIP guests and it has
attached toilet with are of 65.2 sqm it’s not
included green room.
AMENITIES AVAILABLE AT THE CONVENTION CENTER:

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58

Interpreter Room VIP guest lounge

Pre function foyer A ballroom view capacity of 1200 persons

Pre function foyer

Green room

Ballroom converted into banquet area Sprinkler and fire alarms AHU room
 Page |
59

UPPER GROUND FLOOR

 Page |
60

GROUND
FLOOR
 Area: - 9880 sq.m
 10 Electric Panel
 12 Fire exit/ Emergency exit

Area—130sq.m
Male Toilet


Area—70sq.m
Female Toilet
Hall1 and hall2 are exactly the same.
 There is fire alarm and sprinkler in every 1m
gap.
 The hall contained minimum 5000 capacity. Page |
 This is a multiple use hall including exhibitions, 61
Wedding events or a large-scale conference.
 This has electrical wire filling in ground and it
has opening in every 1 meter.
 There are huge shutters from which loading
and unloading are done for events.
 Separate toilets are given for at least 30 male
and female at a time. It includes handicap
service also.
 There is of JECC at the backside of the Hall-1.
 The cooling plant and the fire water is at the top
of its service floor.
 Full WIFI router is situated in the hall and
outside the hall.

Pathway in A view of hall

front of hall 1 from gate-2
Service bay/
Truck bay

A view of conference in hall 1

EXHIBITIONB
HALL 1
 Area: - 9880 sq.m
 Toilets Male, Female & handicap toilet.
 Service bay 3m wide corridor. Circulation
area—5014.14 sq.m
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 Truck bay-130.2 sq.m
62
 Electric Panel Room-22.2 sq.m
 Store-28.1 sq.m

Kiosk at Exhibition hall

EXHIBITIONB
HALL 2
OUTDOOR EXHIBITIONS
This is the space for outdoor exhibition where they can make an
outdoor setup which is temporary. If the event is big it is used as
temporary set design and if outdoor exhibition space is not used
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then it is converted into a parking spot for visitors where 2-
63
wheelers and 4-wheelers can be parked or outdoor kiosk can be
setup at a time.
The outdoor exhibition area: 5010.2 sq.m
The corridor is 1725 sq.m
Transition Path- 13m (Transition path is for movement and loading-unloading of things.

Outdoor machine exhibition Outdoor temporary exhibition

A view of outdoor lawn used as parking A view of outdoor lawn used for exhibition

PARKING
The parking has an area of 53546.2 sq.m near by the exhibition hall which has the capacity of 3000 car and coach
parking. It is as used now but there is space included for future exhibitions also. There is an area of 1874.2 sq.m
which is for VIP delegates it has capacity of near 150-200 4-wheelers. It is specially designed for handicapped.
LANADSCAPE
The landscape area is 99298.1 sq.m, it includes all the boundaries and inside area where only landscape is shown
The more part is near exhibition and convention hall.

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64

Landscape at boundary

Trees at boundary

Landscape giving view to convention center

Palm trees at the entrance of VIP delegates

and outside exhibition halls
AMENITIES AVAILABLE AT HALL 1 & HALL 2
1. Largest column-free hall in South Asia.
2. 20 tones/ sq.m floor holding capacity.
3. Clear height of 13m.
4. Building height of 20m. Page |
5. Equipped with general lighting and air conditioning. 65
6. Public Address systems incorporated.
7. 9 m dedicated service road for heavy vehicle.
Fire exit doors in exhibition halls
8. Rolling shutters 8m height for letting heavy goods
vehicle come through.
9. Separate service bay for loading and unloading.

Food court- 202.1 sq.m Souvenir Shop- 39.1 sq.m

2 Restaurants- 85.5 sq.m each 2 Store room: 70.8 sq.m each
1 Banquet store- 44.2 sq.m Kitchen: 90.3 sq.m
1 Cloak room- 20.1 sq.m Corridor: 280.2 sq.m
TOILETS-
Male: 38.7 sq.m
Female: 38.7 sq.m
SPECIAL SERVICES

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66

Ground Hole for electric wires Ducts for AC

Duct pipe at ceiling

Electric panel Duct pipe connected through floor Fire water pipe

Service Floor Large AC FHC

VANCOUVER CONVENTION CENTER
British Colombia, Canada

Architects: LMN, Musson Cattell Mackey

Partnership, DA Architects & Planners
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Location: Vancouver, BC, Canada 67
Landscape Architect: PWL Partnership
Landscape Architects Inc.
Structural Engineer: Glotman Simpson
Consulting Engineers and Earth Tech
(Canada) Inc.
INTRODUCTION
The Vancouver convention center is one of Canada’s largest convention centers. It has a 6-acre living roof which
is the largest in Canada. The Vancouver convention center expansion is 100,000m 2 project that achieved
Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED) Platinum certification.
VANCOUVER,
CANADA
Vancouver
• Coastal seaport city
• Most populous city in the province
•High-rise residential and mixed – use development
in urban centers

Aerial view of iconic convention center

INTENT OF THE STUDY
 Aesthetics and design of the building.
 Design features of the building.
 Incorporation of the living green roof system in the building.
 Areas of various components: It will help to figure out the area that should be allotted for each of the Page |
requirements. 68

AESTHETICS OF THE BUILDING

 Situated on Vancouver’s waterfront, the Vancouver convention center west is designed to bring together
the nature ecology, vibrant local culture, and built environment, accentuating their interrelationships
through architecture.
 The desire to maintain view corridors from the downtown core limited the overall building height, and has
given the project a horizontal emphasis.
 Shallow, sloping roof planes supporting an extensive green roof creating an architectural landform that is
both an appropriate visual connection between the city and its natural context, and reflection of local
ecology and cultural values.
 The use of glass enhances the waterfront development provides spectacular view of the mountains, oceans
and parks.
 The design approach creates a community experience that is simultaneously a building, an urban place, and
an ecosystem.
 The project is a result of a thoroughly integrated approach to architecture, natural system and technology.
 The geometry is an extension of ground plane, reflecting the topography of the region, and they help the
building blend into the waterfront.
The photo above shows its architectural landform and living roof build on the
topography and ecology, mediating between the downtown core and the
city’s spectacular natural surroundings.
DESIGN FEATURES OF THE BUILDING
The central design challenge was to create and integrate a22 acre development program at the intersection n
of the urban realm and the marine habitat. Each environmental interface is carefully considered, roughly
grouped into a landscape habitat, a marine habitat and a human habitat.
a) LANDSCAPE HABITAT
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 The most visible evidence of the project’s deep approach to ecology is its living roof. Canada’s largest green 69
roof.
 The slopes set up natural drainage and seed migration patterns for the roof’s ecology.
 The living matter of the roof forms the terminus of a chain of waterfront parks that rings the harbor and
creates
 Continuous habitat between the Convention Center and Stanley Park.
 Shallow, sloping roof planes supports the extensive green roof to create an architectural landform that is an
appropriate visual connection between the city and its natural context
 The roof has been landscaped with more than 400,000 indigenous plants and grasses from the region [from
25 different species] that provide natural habitat to birds, insects and small mammals.
Depiction of the varied
landscape habitat as an
extension of park system

b) HUMAN HABITAT
 Addressing the human environment, the architectural approach creates a public experience that is
simultaneously a building, an urban place, a park, and an ecosystem.
 Urban spaces formed by the building’s landforms extend the downtown street grid to preserve view
corridors out to the water.
 The convention centre program emphasizes spaces for both public and private events, gatherings, and
circulation.
 To provide continuity between its exterior and interior, the entire building perimeter is glazed.
 The transparent boundary helps tie in 400,000 sq. ft of walkways, bike paths and open spaces that the center
provides beyond the building envelope.
 Natural ventilation and extensive daylighting not only contribute to building sustainability goals but also
enhance the user experience.
 Page |
70

Depiction of the varied landscape habitat as an extension of park system

THE LIVING GREEN ROOF

While the project employs a wide range of green strategies, including on-
site water treatment, deep seawater cooling and heating, and a giant skirt
designed to help restore the local fish habitat, the single most visible
component of the environmental strategy is the building's living roof.
The Convention Center's 2.4-hectare (16 acre) self-maintaining,
regenerating, living roof is the largest green roof in Canada and presented
some unique challenges both in design and construction.

Depiction of the human habitat as an

extension of the park system
(A.) THE ROLE OF GREEN ROOFS:
• A key component of the overall building envelope design, a living roof is comprised of plants, growing medium,
drainage medium, and irrigation system, all of which work together as part of the overall roof system.
• Living roofs provide benefits for both the building and the environment. The buildup of growing medium and
the associated plant layer protect the roof membrane from ultraviolet light degradation and mechanical
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damage. 71
• Water evaporation from the growing medium and transpiration from the plants contribute to the reduction
of building heat gain.
• In addition, to these building-related benefits, a living roof can provide significant improvements to storm
water management by detaining runoff and reducing peak flows.

Depiction of the human habitat as an

extension of the park system

B.) CHOICE FOR THE TYPE OF GREEN ROOF

• With a roof area of 6 acres, the issues of weight, envelop design, storm water management, growing medium
retention on sloping surfaces, irrigation water volumes, and plant types were among the initial technical
problems the team singled out to be resolved.
• In addition, clear spans able to accommodate rooms in the range of 7,400sq.m with the minimum possible
roof structure needed to be carefully considered
• In order to address these issues, a living roof system similar in nature to Coastal grassland was proposed.
Grassland plants are able to grow in shallow depths of soil, plus endure long periods of drought in the summer
and heavy rain in the winter.

C.) TECHNICAL DETAILS

• This plant palate can grow in 15cm of growing medium and

enabled the architects to meet the structural limit for dead load on
the roof.
• The living roof overlay comprised of a drain mat/filter cloth
drainage layer over the roof insulation, 15cm of growing medium,
drainage runnels and a drip irrigation system. Section of the sloped roof at Vancouver
• The largest and most challenging area of the roof's many sloping Convention Center.
planes is 1.5 acres in size. an arrangement of 45cm-wide, rock-filled
aluminum-edged runnels crisscrosses diagonally over the various roof planes directing storm water into a
conventional building drainage system, around the roof perimeter.
• The building's piled foundations, and long structural spans meant that considerable attention had to be paid
to avoid overloading of the roof.
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72

The living roof inspired by ecosystem of

British Columbia's coastal grassland.

Section of the edge of the roof at Vancouver

AREA STATEMENT
The West Building is directly adjacent to Canada Place which houses the East Building. The West Building consists
of:
 20,490 m2 of convention space,
 440 parking stalls.
 Surrounding the building are 37,000 m2 of walkways and public open spaces.
 A total project area of 14 acres (57,000 m2) of land and 8 acres (32.000 m2) over water.

Exhibition level schematic plan

 TYPE CAPACITIES USABLE AREA
Theatre Classroom Dining (m2)

A 4062 3195 3080 5435

B 4883 3882 3910 6689 Page |
C 5988 4635 5190 8361 73

(A.) EXHIBITION LEVEL:

 The exhibition level is located below the ground level and is accessible through the escalators and stairs on
the ground level as well as the parking.
 It occupies 1,860 m2 of pre-function space and consists of 3 exhibition halls namely A, B and C which are
divisible as per the user need.
 This level occupies an area 20,485 m2 of flexible exhibition space which is divisible into three halls.
 22 loading bays with dock levelers and ramps are provided for convenient drive-on access for the exhibition
halls.

(B.) LEVEL 1:

level 1 schematic plan

 This entrance to this level is through a flight of steps and an escalator located in the entrance lobby on the
ground floor.
 This level consists of ballroom and meeting rooms with varying ceiling height due to sloping green roof.
TYPE CAPACITIES USABLE AREA
Dining Reception (m2) Page |
A 720 1880 1342 74

B 720 1880 1405

C 720 1886 1405
D 440 1139 741

TYPE CAPACITIES USABLE

AREA
Theatre Classroom Boardroom (m2)
101/102/103/104 33 18 18 47
105/106/107/108 30 12 18 40
109/110 252 150 52 217
111/112/113 70 36 26 70
114/115/116/117 84 36 26 83
118 216 120 50 194
119/120 98 48 28 96
121/122 120 60 24 121

(C) LEVEL 2

level 2 schematic plan

The level 2 of the center consists of 24 meeting rooms covering an area of 2745 m2 and 38722 of the pre function
space. The size of meeting room ranges from 70m2 to 700m2. These rooms can be configured as per user needs
and have been designed as per theatre, classroom and boardroom style of seating arrangement.

TYPE CAPACITIES USABLE AREA

Theatre Classroom Boardroom (m2) Page |
75
201 203 102 42 182
202/203/204/205/206/207/208/109 99 54 34 97
210 112 75 28 123
211 437 234 68 355
212/213/214 144 72 42 118
215/216 88 45 28 77
217/218/219 96 45 18 80
220 208 120 48 196
221/222 104 60 28 93
223 80 28 28 72
224 285 144 64 150

(D.) LEVEL 3

Level3 schematic plan

• The level 3 of the Vancouver convention center consists of 6 executive level meeting rooms with spectacular
harbor and mountain views.
• They cover an area of 818 m2 while the pre function space covers an area of 546 m2.
• The size of meeting room ranges from 59 m2 to 604 m2. These room can be configured as per user needs and
have been designed as per theatre, classroom and boardroom style of seating arrangement.
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• The unique six acre living roof featuring a variety of 400,000 indigenous plants is visible from this level• Service 76
elevators are located on each floor with a back of house area to cater the hospitality needs of each floor. • Only
a pair of escalators provides access to this level.
TYPE CAPACITIES USABLE AREA
Theatre Classroom Boardroom (m2)
301 456 273 66 387
302/303/304 54 24 26 60
305 46 24 26 59
306 234 120 52 219
INFERENCES:
• The convention center has been planned in a way that it visually centers the surrounding roads and buildings;
preserves the environment and creates spectacular views of the surrounding landscape.
• The Vancouver Convention Centre West brings together the natural ecology, vibrant local culture, and built
environment.
• With an ultra-clear structural glass skin on all sides, extensive daylight and views set up an extroverted,
community-friendly relationship and maximize the use of natural daylight in the building's public spaces.
• A six-acre living proof that is the largest in Canada acts as an insulator to mediate the exterior air temperature,
contributes to the building's storm water utilization, and integrates with the waterfront landscape ecosystem.
• The Convention Center's exhibition space is 300*735 ft (90*225 m) with a 90*120-ft (27*36-m) structural grid,
and the building has a maximum clear roof span of 180 ft (55 m).
• As per the various areas provided for each space, the per person are allotted is mention in the following table

Pre-function Ballroom CAPACITIES

area
Dining Reception Theatre Classroom Boardroom
Per person 1.64 1.83 .70 1.13 1.92 2.90
area(m2)

FUNCTIONALITY:
• The West Building is a masterpiece of both functional and sustainable design.
• The foyer on the ground floor has been designed in such a way that the users do not feel that they are caught
up in a mechanical space with no character.
• There is no separate entrance for the VIPs. Only 2 pedestrian entrances are provided for on either side of the
building.
• Extensive use of controlled daylighting has been incorporated very well in all the circulation as well as pre
function spaces.
• The height of the ballroom varies from 10.5m to 16.75m due its sloping nature and has a capability to
accommodate 3000 people in a dining arrangement to 6000 people in a theatre style arrangement.
• Fire exits do not open directly into an open space. 3 fire exits have been provided which lead to level l of the
building.
• The exhibit halls have a capacity to accommodate 12,000 people. It has large column spans to accommodate
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maximum clear space. 77
• The upper convention floors are organized with a central core of flexible meeting and function rooms
supported by service spaces.
• The centrally located kitchen served only the events managed by the Vancouver Convention Center. The
restaurant located on the western deck of the building is served by the food companies who have their own
private stalls.

A night view of the center Model of the center at the final stage

Flight of steps in the entrance foyer Ballroom D overlooking the ocean

Fully glazed meeting room 201 Pre function area in front of meeting room