AQRoads – User’s Guide

Version December 2004

Enviroware srl
http://www.enviroware.com
 SUMMARY

1. REGISTRATION ...............................................................................................................................................................5

2. INSTALLATION................................................................................................................................................................6

2.1 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS ...........................................................................................................................................6

3. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION...........................................................................................................................................7

3.1 MAIN MASK .................................................................................................................................................................8

3.2 BASE MAP ....................................................................................................................................................................9
3.3 ROAD NETWORK ............................................................................................................................. .............................9
3.4 TRAFFIC .....................................................................................................................................................................13
3.5 OPTIONS .....................................................................................................................................................................17
3.6 EMISSIONS CALCULATION ............................................................................................................................. .............18
3.7 METEOROLOGY ............................................................................................................................. .............................23
3.8 RECEPTORS ........................................................................................................................................... .....................24
3.9 ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION ........................................................................................................................................25
3.10 EXPORTING VECTORIAL IMAGES ................................................................................................................................30

4. ANNEX –COPERT III CLASSES ..................................................................................................................................32

4
1. REGISTRATION

A 10-days evaluation version of AQRoads can be downloaded from the Enviroware internet site
http://www.enviroware.com. The evaluation version is also characterised by a limited number of
trials. At the end of the evaluation period, AQRoads will cease to work until its registration. The
registration consists in the payment of a fee.

Unregistered user will see the mask reproduced in Figure 1 each time they launch AQRoads.
The unregistered version allows to use a maximum of 10 nodes and 20 links. The registered
version allows to use a maximum of 5000 nodes and 5000 links.
The maximum number of road types is 50..

In order to register AQRoads it is necessary to buy a licence and to communicate us the

Software code (329C43 in the example below). It is very important to communicate the correct
Software code to receive the correct Key.

Figure 1. Registration form (evaluation period and number of trials may be different in the
version available on the web at address http://www.enviroware.com)

5
2. INSTALLATION

In order to install AQRoads:

• Download file AQRoadsSetupEN.exe from the download area of the Enviroware internet site
http://www.enviroware.com
• Execute AQRoadsSetupEN.exe and follow the instructions

2.1 Minimum requirements

AQRoads has been tested under Windows2000© and WindowsXP©. It is supposed to work
also under other recent Windows versions.

6
3. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

AQRoads is a software application with graphical user interface whose aims are the calculation
of hourly emissions of pollutants due to vehicles traffic, and the simulation of their atmospheric
dispersion over a 2-dimensional domain.

All the calculations of the AQRoads software are based on

• the contents of the Technical Report n. 49 of the European Environment Agency titled
“COPERT III – Computer programme to calculate emission factors from road transport –
Methodology and emission factors (Version 2.1)”
• the contents of the US Federal Highway Administration report FHWA-CA-TL-79-23 titled
“CALINE 3 – A versatile dispersion model for predicting air pollutant levels near highways
and arterial streets”.

AQRoads calculates the emission from traffic of the following pollutants:

• Carbon monoxide (CO),
• Nitrogen oxides (NOX),
• Volatile organic compounds (COV),
• Particulate matter (PM),
• Methane (CH4),
• Nitrous oxide (N2O)
• Ammonia (NH3)
• Benzene (C6H6)
• Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)

AQRoads calculates the atmospheric dispersion of CO, NOX, COV, SO2 and PM.

Pollutant emissions from traffic are calculated according to the COPERT III methodology as
described in the above mentioned report. This methodology is the European standard for
estimating emissions from traffic, and it is the base for the emission inventories of the “Road
traffic” CORINAIR category.

7
The atmospheric emissions of a vehicle depend, as general rule, by its type (passenger car,
light duty vehicle, heavy duty vehicle, motorcycle, …), by the European Directive to which it
obeys (hence by its age), by the fuel type, by the cylinder capacity, by the vehicle speed, and by
the atmospheric temperature. A vehicle fleet is constituted by different kinds of vehicles, with
different percentages. The AQRoads user is allowed to define many vehicle fleets, from one for
the whole domain to one for each road, if useful.

The road network is defined by a set of links. A link is a segment connecting two nodes. A node
is a point characterised by X and Y coordinates on a base map. In order to define an actual
road, sometimes two links are required, one for each direction of march.

For each link the hourly data of traffic include: the total number of vehicles, the percentages of
light vehicles (passenger cars + LDV), HDV and motorcycles, average speed for each one of
these three categories, the vehicle fleet over the link, the road type (urban, rural, highway).

The emissions that AQRoads calculates over each link are the sum of cold emissions, hot
emissions and, for VOC, evaporative emissions. AQRoads, as described by the COPERT III
methodology, considers the road slopes, the average load of HDV, and of the fuel formulation
according to the European Directives. Since this program determines the hourly emissions, the
evaporative emissions of VOC concern the “hot running emissions”.

Atmospheric dispersion calculations are based on the algorithms described in the above
mentioned US-FWHA report. These algorithms are those implemented in the CALINE 3 model
recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency.
In order to carry out an atmospheric simulation, AQRoads needs wind speed and direction,
mixing height and Pasquill-Gifford stability class. AQRoads is also capable to carry out
atmospheric dispersion simulation in screening mode, allowing to identify the worst conditions
for a given set of hourly emissions.

3.1 Main mask

The main mask of AQRoads is shown in Figure 2. The user can choose to insert data using the
Input item of menu, or load a simulation from archive (the example simulation distributed with
the software, or those saved by the user), by the Load simulation item.

8
Figure 2. Main AQRoads mask and File menu.

3.2 Base map

When a new simulation is started, the only item enabled under the Input menu item is Base
map. Selecting such item the user can specify a base map file and give it a geographic
referentiation inserting the coordinates of the lower left and upper right corners (Figure 3).

Figure 3. Loading and geographic referentiation of base map.

3.3 Road network

After the base map has been loaded, other menu items are enabled. The first operation consists
in defining nodes and links of the road network (Figure 4).

9
Figure 4. Items of Input for the road network parameters.

The Nodes menu item opens a mask (Figure 5) for managing the nodes of the road network.

Figure 5. Input mask of road network nodes.

The data can be loaded from an external file composed of a number of records equal to the
number of nodes. In each record fields are comma or space separated and contain:

10
NodeID Numerical ID for the node

X_Coordinate X coordinate (m)

Y_Coordinate Y coordinate (m)

Z_Coordinate Z coordinate (m) – height above the ground

Nodes can also be added or modified inserting their properties in the input mask. Coordinates
can be directly written in the appropriate fields, or obtained by clicking on the base map. The
inserted and/or modified data can be saved on a file for future use.

After the nodes have been specified, the next step is the set up of links properties. The input
mask of road links (Figure 6) allows to load links from an external file composed by as many
records as the links. Each record is composed by the following comma or space separated
fields:

LinkName ID of the link, a string between double quotes (“)

NodoID1 ID of the first node of the link (NodeID)

NodoID2 ID of the second node of the link (NodeID)

Width Width (m) of the link

Type Road type code; (1) at grade, (2) fill , (3) bridge, (4) depressed

As for the nodes, the data can be saved for future use.
The height of the link is automatically calculated as average between the heights of its two
nodes.

The CALINE 3 model requires that the difference between ground and link height be less than
10 meters. CALINE 3 also requires that the difference between length and width of the link be
greater than 6 meters. Moreover, it assumes that the link width is always greater than 4 meters.
If one of these conditions is not respected, AQRoads prompts an error message during the
atmospheric dispersion phase.
The Verify item checks the consistency of the geometrical data of the links, if the rules are not
obeyed, a warning message is generated.

11
Figure 6. Input mask of road network links.

After nodes and links have been inserted, they can be visualised on the base map. The item
Road network under Output opens a mask (Figure 7) that allows the user to specify the
graphical properties of nodes and links. The image produced after this operation can be copied,
saved or printed using the corresponding items under the File item.

Figure 7. Options for representation of road network.

12
Figure 8. Representation of the road network.

3.4 Traffic

The first parameter to specify for traffic are the vehicle fleet types (Figure 9).
The vehicle fleet type mask (Figure 10) allows to load an external file composed of (1+105)*NFT
records, where NFT stays for number of fleet types. Each group of 106 records, repeated NFT
times, contains a first record with the fleet name between double quotes (“), then 105 records –
one for each COPERT III class – of two fields, the first one is a number between 1 and 105, and

13
the second one is the corresponding percentage. COPERT III vehicle classes are reported in
Annex 1, they also appear in the input mask to facilitate the manual insertion of input.
Record 1:

FleetName Name of the fleet type

Records from 2 to 106:

CopertID Progressive numerical ID of the COPERT III class, from 1 to 105

Class Description Description of the COPERT III class between double quotes (“)
Percentage Percentage of the COPERT III class in the vehicle fleet

It is possible to define or load more than one vehicle fleet. Fleets can be modified and saved on
external files for future usage.

Figure 9. Items of the traffic parameters.

14
Figure 10. Input mask for the vehicle fleet types.

The next step is the definition of the road types to which assign the links previously defined.
This operation is done using the Road type item that opens the mask represented in Figure 11,
which allows to load an external file composed of one record for each road type. Records are
composed by the following fields separated by commas or spaces:

RoadType Name indicating the road type between double quotes (“)

DriveType Drive type ID: U (urban), R (rural) or A (highway), between double

quotes (“)

FleetName One of the fleet names defined before

SpeedLight Average speed of light vehicles (km/h)

SpeedHeavy Average speed of heavy vehicles (km/h) (> 35 q)

SpeedMoto Average speed of motorcycles (km/h)

PercentageLight Percentage of light vehicles on the road type considered

PercentageHeavy Percentage of heavy vehicles on the road type considered

PercentageMoto Percentage of motorcycles on the road type considered

Note that different links may have the same vehicle fleet (for example the vehicle fleet of a
particular province), but a different percentage of vehicles for each macroclass (light, heavy,

15
motorcycles). This is for example the case of a road of the city downtown where traffic is
forbidden to heavy vehicles.
Provided all the data are available, it is possible to detail each direction of each road with a
different RoadType.

In this mask, also, the data can be inserted manually or modified after they have been loaded
by an external file. The data can be saved on an external file.

Figure 11. Input mask for the road types.

The traffic input data are finally completed specifying the traffic flow value and the road type for
each link (Figure 12). The traffic flow data can be loaded from an external file with one record
for each link. Each record is composed by three fields separated by commas or spaces; the
contents of the fields are:

LinkName ID of the link, a string between double quotes (“)

Flow Number of vehicles per hour (total of light pluf heavy plus
motorcycles)

RoadType Name indicating the road type between double quotes (“)

LinkName must be among those defined using the input mask Links of the road network, and
the RoadType must be among those defined using the Road type mask.
16
Data can be manually inserted or modified after loading from an external file. Data can also be
saved on file for future use.

Figure 12. Input mask for the specification of traffic fluxes.

3.5 Options

Item Options of the Input menu activates the mask of Figure 13. This mask allows the user to
specify if cold emissions must be calculated, the average load of heavy vehicles and if it must
be considered, if the effect of slope must be considered, if the evaporative component of VOC
must be calculated, and which fuel directive must be considered. In order to calculate the
evaporative emissions of VOC it is necessary to indicate if calculations are done for the hot
season (semester April September) or for the cold season.

17
Figure 13. Input mask for the calculation options.

3.6 Emissions calculation

After these first input data have been inserted, it is possible to calculate the emissions by
means of the Emissions item under the Simulation item (Figure 14). Please note that the
Dispersion item will activate only after the emissions have been calculated and the input for
receptors and meteorology have been inserted.

18
Figure 14. Emissions simulation.

Any modifications produced in a second time to the input data will require new calculations for
emissions and/or dispersion.
Clicking on the Emissions item a message concerning data processing is visualised; when this
message disappears the emissions are ready and they can be visualised in text or graphical
form. (Figure 15).

Figure 15. Output analysis for emissions.

19
The textual visualisation is done automatically by the software using Notepad. The output file
contains geometric data, traffic data, and emission data for each link. Data concerning roads
with double direction, that are distinct in the input data, are summed up in this file.
At the end of the file the total hourly emissions are reported.

In order to evaluate the traffic scenarios from a structural point of view, four synthetic indicators
are calculated:

The linear kilometres of the road network:

KML = Σi Li

The kilometres travelled by the vehicle traffic:

KMP = Σi Fi*Li

The average speed weighted contemporarily on road lengths and on vehicle flows:

VP = Σi Fi*Li*Vi / Σi Fi*Li

The average speed weighted only on road lengths:

VML = Σi Li*Vi / Σi Li

where:

Li: Length of the i-th link;

Fi: Traffic flow on the i-th link;
Vi: Average speed on the i-th link weighted on the vehicle macroclass.

In the following a portion of an example output file is shown.

20
DETAIL (Sum of values of each lane in case of 2-way roads) - Number of links: 11
Link,ANODE,BNODE,X_ANODE(m),Y_ANODE(m),X_BNODE(m),Y_BNODE(m),CO(kg/km),NOX(kg/km),VOC(kg/km),PM(kg/km),CH4(kg/km),N2O(kg/km),NH3(kg/km),C6H6
(kg/km),SO2(kg/km),CO2(kg/km),VEHICULES (A->B),VEHICULES (B->A),SPEED PC/LDV (A->B) (km/h),SPEED HDV (A->B) (km/h),SPEED M (A->B)
(km/h),SPEED PC/LDV (B->A) (km/h),SPEED HDV (B->A) (km/h),SPEED M (B->A) (km/h),LENGTH(km)
"Link0001", 1, 2, 1528455., 5046257., 1528693., 5046286., 0.51187E+00, 0.13150E+00, 0.74819E-01, 0.38311E-02, 0.44429E-02,
0.35003E-02, 0.36204E-02, 0.47109E-02, 0.20650E-02, 0.20728E+02, 121, 0, 50.00, 30.00, 70.00, 50.00, 30.00, 70.00, 0.24
"Link0002", 2, 3, 1528693., 5046286., 1529114., 5046349., 0.21279E+01, 0.54667E+00, 0.31102E+00, 0.15926E-01, 0.18469E-01,
0.14551E-01, 0.15050E-01, 0.19583E-01, 0.85842E-02, 0.86167E+02, 228, 275, 50.00, 30.00, 70.00, 50.00, 30.00, 70.00, 0.43
"Link0003", 3, 4, 1529114., 5046349., 1529770., 5046412., 0.26651E+01, 0.68469E+00, 0.38955E+00, 0.19947E-01, 0.23133E-01,
0.18225E-01, 0.18850E-01, 0.24528E-01, 0.10752E-01, 0.10792E+03, 323, 307, 50.00, 30.00, 70.00, 50.00, 30.00, 70.00, 0.66
"Link0004", 4, 5, 1529770., 5046412., 1529703., 5046666., 0.61086E+01, 0.15694E+01, 0.89288E+00, 0.45719E-01, 0.53021E-01,
0.41772E-01, 0.43206E-01, 0.56219E-01, 0.24643E-01, 0.24737E+03, 786, 658, 50.00, 30.00, 70.00, 50.00, 30.00, 70.00, 0.26
"Link0005", 5, 6, 1529703., 5046666., 1529728., 5046804., 0.61086E+01, 0.15694E+01, 0.89288E+00, 0.45719E-01, 0.53021E-01,
0.41772E-01, 0.43206E-01, 0.56219E-01, 0.24643E-01, 0.24737E+03, 786, 658, 50.00, 30.00, 70.00, 50.00, 30.00, 70.00, 0.14
"Link0006", 4, 15, 1529770., 5046412., 1529882., 5046240., 0.51187E+01, 0.13150E+01, 0.74819E+00, 0.38311E-01, 0.44429E-01,
0.35003E-01, 0.36204E-01, 0.47109E-01, 0.20650E-01, 0.20728E+03, 549, 661, 50.00, 30.00, 70.00, 50.00, 30.00, 70.00, 0.21
…
…
"Link0011", 13, 14, 1528693., 5046003., 1528334., 5046153., 0.18719E+02, 0.37834E+01, 0.24704E+01, 0.16643E+00, 0.17464E+00,
0.84687E-01, 0.84623E-01, 0.14435E+00, 0.73375E-01, 0.68683E+03, 1207, 1665, 30.00, 30.00, 30.00, 30.00, 30.00, 30.00, 0.39

TOTALS
KML [km],KMP [km],VP [km/h],VML [km/h],CO [kg],NOX [kg],VOC [kg],PM [kg],CH4 [kg],N2O [kg],NH3 [kg],C6H6 [kg],SO2 [kg],CO2 [kg]
7.07, 4951.32, 49.89, 50.72, 0.21717E+02, 0.60834E+01, 0.31125E+01, 0.21332E+00, 0.19236E+00, 0.14497E+00,
0.14679E+00, 0.18481E+00, 0.98234E-01, 0.93237E+03
If the user chooses the graphical visualisation, a mask containing visualisation options is shown
(Figure 16). An example of graphical representation of the emissions is shown in Figure 17.

Figure 16. Mask for graphical representation of emissions.

Figure 17. Graphical representation of emissions.

3.7 Meteorology

The meteorological condition is specified accessing the Meteo item under Input. It is possible to
carry out the dispersion simulation using single-hour meteorological data (Figure 18), or to carry
out a simulation in screening mode (Figure 19) in order to evaluate the worst air quality
conditions varying the meteorological conditions. Beware that the screening simulation could
require long times.

23
Figure 18. Hourly meteorological input.

Figure 19. Screening meteorological input.

3.8 Receptors

The atmospheric dispersion calculation domain is specified by the Receptors item under Input.
The domain is completely specified indicating the coordinates of the lower left corner and of the
upper right corner (manually or clicking with the mouse on the base map), the number of

24
calculation points in each direction and the height above ground for the concentrations (Figure
20). If desired, the atmospheric dispersion calculation domain can coincide with the whole base
map simply by clicking a button.

Figure 20. Input mask defining atmospheric dispersion domain.

3.9 Atmospheric dispersion

The atmospheric dispersion simulation is launched by the item Dispersion under Simulation
(Figure 21). After clicking the Dispersion item, a processing message appears and the
simulation has terminated when it disappears. The atmospheric simulation requires few
seconds for a single hour, but many minutes for screening simulations. After simulation has
finished, the results can be visualised in textual or graphical form (Figure 22). The graphical
representation consists in grid plots.
All the concentrations are expressed in mg/m3.

25
Figure 21. Atmospheric dispersion simulation menu item.

26
Figure 22. Output analysis for dispersion simulation.

Choosing a text representation for the output file, the maximum concentrations of the selected
pollutant are visualised by means of Notepad. The output file is composed by (NX*NY + 1)
records, where NX and NY indicates the number of receptors along X and Y respectively (as
specified in the receptors mask). The first record starts with the symbol “*” and contains the
number of receptors along the X (NX) and Y (NY) directions. NX*NY records composed by 4
fields follows the first one. The contents of the fields, from first to fourth are: the X coordinate
(m), the Y coordinate (m), the Z coordinate (m) – height above the ground where concentrations
are calculated, and the concentration value (mg/m3). A portion of an example output file is

reported in the following.

* 20 20
1528000.0 5044500.0 1.0 0.79130E-01
1528125.0 5044500.0 1.0 0.10036E+00
1528250.0 5044500.0 1.0 0.10053E+00

27
1528375.0 5044500.0 1.0 0.76400E-01
1528500.0 5044500.0 1.0 0.98235E-01
1528625.0 5044500.0 1.0 0.10620E+00
1528750.0 5044500.0 1.0 0.89103E-01…
…
…

Choosing the graphical visualisation, the mask for selecting the representation options is shown
(Figure 23).

Figure 23. Mask for the graphical representation of concentrations.

28
The colours can be chosen by the user (Figure 24), as the concentration levels, the labels, the
title and other information.

Figure 24. Mask for the selection of colours.

Figure 25 represents an example of graphical visualisation.

29
Figure 25. Graphical representation of concentrations.

3.10 Exporting vectorial images

Geometrical features of road network and all the other properties, including emissions, can be
exported on vectorial images (shapefile) as illustrated in Figure 26. Nodes and links can be
exported independently. Concentration fields can also be exported and used for a grid plot.

30
Figure 26. Exporting vectorial images of road network.

31
4. ANNEX –COPERT III CLASSES

This annex shows, as an example, the vehicle fleet of the Province of Milan (as it was at
December 31st 2000, source ACI). The first name contains the vehicle fleet name, the 105

following records contain the numerical ID of the COPERT III class, its description and the
percentage of presence.

"Province of Milan"
1,"Passenger Cars Gasoline < 1'4l PRE ECE",1.717031
2,"Passenger Cars Gasoline < 1'4l ECE 15/00-01",1.539912
3,"Passenger Cars Gasoline < 1'4l ECE 15/02",1.179298
4,"Passenger Cars Gasoline < 1'4l ECE 15/03",1.560325
5,"Passenger Cars Gasoline < 1'4l ECE 15/04",16.3118
6,"Passenger Cars Gasoline < 1'4l Improved Conventional",0
7,"Passenger Cars Gasoline < 1'4l Open Loop",0
8,"Passenger Cars Gasoline < 1'4l Euro I - 91/441/EEC",9.608263
9,"Passenger Cars Gasoline < 1'4l Euro II - 94/12/EC",14.01164
10,"Passenger Cars Gasoline < 1'4l Euro III - 98/69/EC Stage 2000",0
11,"Passenger Cars Gasoline < 1'4l Euro IV - 98/69/EC Stage 2005",0
12,"Passenger Cars Gasoline 1'4l - 2'0l PRE ECE",.332205
13,"Passenger Cars Gasoline 1'4l - 2'0l ECE 15/00-01",.3886902
14,"Passenger Cars Gasoline 1'4l - 2'0l ECE 15/02",.3909746
15,"Passenger Cars Gasoline 1'4l - 2'0l ECE 15/03",.464888
16,"Passenger Cars Gasoline 1'4l - 2'0l ECE 15/04",7.194324
17,"Passenger Cars Gasoline 1'4l - 2'0l Improved Conventional",0
18,"Passenger Cars Gasoline 1'4l - 2'0l Open Loop",0
19,"Passenger Cars Gasoline 1'4l - 2'0l Euro I - 91/441/EEC",7.0703
20,"Passenger Cars Gasoline 1'4l - 2'0l Euro II - 94/12/EC",7.239902
21,"Passenger Cars Gasoline 1'4l - 2'0l Euro III - 98/69/EC Stage 2000",0
22,"Passenger Cars Gasoline 1'4l - 2'0l Euro IV - 98/69/EC Stage 2005",0
23,"Passenger Cars Gasoline > 2'0l PRE ECE",.101069
24,"Passenger Cars Gasoline > 2'0l ECE 15/00-01",.0749819
25,"Passenger Cars Gasoline > 2'0l ECE 15/02",.0600592
26,"Passenger Cars Gasoline > 2'0l ECE 15/03",.0508477

32
27,"Passenger Cars Gasoline > 2'0l ECE 15/04",.3333841
28,"Passenger Cars Gasoline > 2'0l Euro I - 91/441/EEC",.2154764
29,"Passenger Cars Gasoline > 2'0l Euro II - 94/12/EC",.6386177
30,"Passenger Cars Gasoline > 2'0l Euro III - 98/69/EC Stage 2000",0
31,"Passenger Cars Gasoline > 2'0l Euro IV - 98/69/EC Stage 2005",0
32,"Passenger Cars Diesel < 2'0l Conventional",1.736007
33,"Passenger Cars Diesel < 2'0l Euro I - 91/441/EEC",.743703
34,"Passenger Cars Diesel < 2'0l Euro II - 94/12/EC",5.009715
35,"Passenger Cars Diesel < 2'0l Euro III - 98/69/EC Stage 2000",0
36,"Passenger Cars Diesel < 2'0l Euro IV - 98/69/EC Stage 2005",0
37,"Passenger Cars Diesel > 2'0l Conventional",1.034861
38,"Passenger Cars Diesel > 2'0l Euro I - 91/441/EEC",.3252779
39,"Passenger Cars Diesel > 2'0l Euro II - 94/12/EC",1.451923
40,"Passenger Cars Diesel > 2'0l Euro III - 98/69/EC Stage 2000",0
41,"Passenger Cars Diesel > 2'0l Euro IV - 98/69/EC Stage 2005",0
42,"Passenger Cars LPG Conventional",.7655896
43,"Passenger Cars LPG Euro I - 91/441/EEC",.1618283
44,"Passenger Cars LPG Euro II - 94/12/EC",.0406782
45,"Passenger Cars LPG Euro III - 98/69/EC Stage 2000",0
46,"Passenger Cars LPG Euro IV - 98/69/EC Stage 2005",0
47,"Passenger Cars 2 Stroke Conventional",0
48,"Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline < 3'5t Conventional",.9273627
49,"Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline < 3'5t Euro I - 93/59/EEC",.289445
50,"Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline < 3'5t Euro II - 96/69/EC",.1979192
51,"Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline < 3'5t Euro III - 98/69/EC Stage 2000",0
52,"Light Duty Vehicles Gasoline < 3'5t Euro IV - 98/69/EC Stage 2005",0
53,"Light Duty Vehicles Diesel < 3'5t Conventional",3.435426
54,"Light Duty Vehicles Diesel < 3'5t Euro I - 93/59/EEC",1.912979
55,"Light Duty Vehicles Diesel < 3'5t Euro II - 96/69/EC",1.57147
56,"Light Duty Vehicles Diesel < 3'5t Euro III - 98/69/EC Stage 2000",0
57,"Light Duty Vehicles Diesel < 3'5t Euro IV - 98/69/EC Stage 2005",0
58,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Gasoline > 3'5t Conventional",.0640939
59,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel < 7'5t Conventional",1.028211
60,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel < 7'5t Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I",.0995583

33
61,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel < 7'5t Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II",.1559145
62,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel < 7'5t Euro III - COM(97) 627",0
63,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel < 7'5t Euro IV - COM(1998) 776",0
64,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel < 7'5t Euro V - COM(1998) 776",0
65,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel 7'5t - 16t Conventional",1.036851
66,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel 7'5t - 16t Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I",.1497244
67,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel 7'5t - 16t Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II",.1958926
68,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel 7'5t - 16t Euro III - COM(97) 627",0
69,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel 7'5t - 16t Euro IV - COM(1998) 776",0
70,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel 7'5t - 16t Euro V - COM(1998) 776",0
71,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel 16t - 32t Conventional",.5510528
72,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel 16t - 32t Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I",.0937551
73,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel 16t - 32t Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II",.2084019
74,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel 16t - 32t Euro III - COM(97) 627",0
75,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel 16t - 32t Euro IV - COM(1998) 776",0
76,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel 16t - 32t Euro V - COM(1998) 776",0
77,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel > 32t Conventional",7.47977E-03
78,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel > 32t Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I",4.51365E-03
79,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel > 32t Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II",7.47977E-03
80,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel > 32t Euro III - COM(97) 627",0
81,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel > 32t Euro IV - COM(1998) 776",0
82,"Heavy Duty Vehicles Diesel > 32t Euro V - COM(1998) 776",0
83,"Buses Buses Conventional",.2196216
84,"Buses Buses Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I",.0148306
85,"Buses Buses Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II",.1056195
86,"Buses Buses Euro III - COM(97) 627",0
87,"Buses Buses Euro IV - COM(1998) 776",0
88,"Buses Buses Euro V - COM(1998) 776",0
89,"Buses Coaches Conventional",.003353
90,"Buses Coaches Euro I - 91/542/EEC Stage I",0
91,"Buses Coaches Euro II - 91/542/EEC Stage II",7.73769E-04
92,"Buses Coaches Euro III - COM(97) 627",0
93,"Buses Coaches Euro IV - COM(1998) 776",0
94,"Buses Coaches Euro V - COM(1998) 776",0

34
95,"Mopeds < 50cm3 Conventional",1.072354
96,"Mopeds < 50cm3 97/24/EC Stage I",.2041616
97,"Mopeds < 50cm3 97/24/EC Stage II",0
98,"Motorcycles 2 Stroke > 50cm3 Conventional",.4595803
99,"Motorcycles 2 Stroke > 50cm3 97/24/EC",.0874978
100,"Motorcycles 4 Stroke 50 - 250cm3 Conventional",1.069401
101,"Motorcycles 4 Stroke 50 - 250cm3 97/24/EC",.3429604
102,"Motorcycles 4 Stroke 250 - 750cm3 Conventional",1.784931
103,"Motorcycles 4 Stroke 250 - 750cm3 97/24/EC",.2127608
104,"Motorcycles 4 Stroke > 750cm3 Conventional",.6197893
105,"Motorcycles 4 Stroke > 750cm3 97/24/EC",.111268

35