CHAPTER II

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

a.) Province of Cavite

i. History

Pre-Hispanic period

During the Pre-Hispanic period, Cavite City was formerly called as “Tangway.” This

land became a mooring place for Chinese junks trading of merchants with the settlements

around Manila Bay. This was shown through archeological evidences that shown prehistorical

settlements. According to local folklores, the earliest settlers of Cavite were from Sulu or

Borneo. The province was previously under the jurisdiction of the Indianized Empire of

Majapahit which was later on conquered by the Kingdom of Tondo by being victorious of their

war of independence. Sooner, it was invaded by the Sultanate of Brunei which constituted a

vassal-state called the Rajahnate of Maynila.

Spanish Colonial period

Colonizers arrived in the late 16th century and saw unusual land in Manila Bay and saw

its incentive as a place where they could dispatch their massive vessels. Formed in a shape of a

hook, which in tagalog is called “kawit”, it turned into the most important port connecting the

province to the outside world.

 Cavite City was once known as a place for trading junks of Chinese merchants for

settlements around the port of Manila Bay. In 1571, Spanish colonizers founded the port and

the city of Cavite and fortified the settlement as a first line of defense for the city of Manila.

Chinese merchants settled at the communities of Bacoor and Kawit after galleons were built

and fitted at the port, these communities were opposite the Spanish city to trade skills, porcelain,

and other oriental goods.

In 1614, the political-military jurisdiction of Cavite was established covering all the

present territory except for the town of Maragondon which formerly belongs to Mariveles.

Maragondon was included in Cavite’s territory in the year 1754

Cavite was attacked by foreigners in their quest to conquer Manila and the Philippines.

In 1647, the Dutch made a surprise attack in Cavite, founding the port incessantly, but were

repulsed. The British occupied the port during their two-year interregnum in the Philippines

starting in the year 1672.

In the 18th and 19th century, missionary orders that had attained haciendas, focused on

widening their lands. These large haciendas became the reason of problems between their friar

orders and Filipino farmers. The opposition of the Filipino farmers towards the friar order

became a big factor that lead large numbers of Caviteños to be outlaws, but also it became a

reason to support reform, and independence of Cavite citizens.

In 1872, a mutiny by disgruntled navy men in Cavite led to large-scale crackdown on

reformers and liberals. The well-known GOMBURZA were executed and dozens others sent

into exile. Cavite became the center stage after the outbreak of the Philippine revolution in the

year 1896 as Katipuneros liberated almost all the towns in Cavite. On August 26, 1896 when

the Philippine revolution against Spain broke out, Cavite became a theater war. The Katipuneros
were led by Emilio Aguinaldo. They made surprise attacks that brought liberation to the whole

province.

The first Philippine president, Emilio Aguinaldo, led the revolution from his base in the

province which is the town of Kawit. He agreed to be exiled on December 1897 but returned to

the Philippines on May 1898. Emilio Aguinaldo declared people independence on June12 from

the balcony of his home in Kawit.

American Colonial Period and World War II

The American forces later on defeated the Spaniards that conquer Cavite which mark

the end of their rule in the country. Later on, in 1901, the Americans established civil

government in the province. The naval station in Sangley point became the chief American

naval base in the country.

During WWII, the Japanese targeted the naval base during the first wave of attacks in

military installations in the Philippines.

Post-Colonial Period

In 1935, during the World War II, the Commonwealth government in the Philippines

was established by the Americans with Manuel L. Quezon as the president. The Philippines

gained actual independence from colonizers on July 4, 1946. After the American colonization,

the first president of the Philippine Republic was Manuel Roxas. Our country during this period

underwent rehabilitation with the help of the rehabilitation funds from the United States.

Philippines, including the province of Cavite underwent several changes in these period until

to what our country currently is. Cavite and its people, what they are today, and what will be
tomorrow will remain their infinity, as a place with a glorious history, and a people fortified

with strength to live and die for a worthy cause.

ii. Etymology

Cavite is a Hispanicized word for “kawit” which is a corruption term of “kalawit”

which is hook layman’s term. Before, the name Cavite was not used as a name for the whole

province but rather used as a name for a particular place such as Cavite La Punta which is now

called as Cavite City and Cavite Viejo which is known today as the city or town of Kawit.

In addition, the Hispanicized word Cavite came from the term “kabit” which means to

join, connect, and attach. It refers to the connection of the Peninsula and the mainland.

iii. Geographical Locations

The province of Cavite is located at the coordinates of 140˚ 16' north, 120˚ degrees 52'

east and belongs to the Philippines. Cavite is part of the island of Luzon, the largest among

7,641 islands of the country. Being the second smallest province in Region IV-A

(CALABARZON), Cavite is surrounded by Batangas province in the south, Metro Manila

including Manila Bay in the north, Rizal in the northwest, Laguna in the east, and the Philippine

Sea in the west. The total area of Cavite is 1 574.14 sq km, while the land is 1 426.06 sq km.

The municipalities of Maragondon and Silang have the biggest land area in the province of

Cavite, 165.49 sq km and 156.41 sq km respectively, while Noveleta has the smallest land are

having 5.41 sq. km. A tourist spot in Cavite, Tagaytay City, has the highest altitude of 2 349 ft

that gives the cold weather and attracting tourists.

iv. Political Subdivisions

Table 1. List of Political Subdivisions of the Province of Cavite

District Municipality Barangay

I Cavite City 84

Kawit 23

Noveleta 16

Rosario 20

II City Of Bacoor 73

III Imus City 97

IV Dasmariñas City 75

V Carmona 14

Silang 64

General Mariano Alvarez 27

VI General Trias City 33

VII Amadeo 26

Indang 36

Tanza 41

Trece Martires City 13

VIII Tagaytay City 34

Alfonso 32

General Emilio Aguinaldo 14

Magallanes

Maragondon 16
 Mendez 27

Naic 24

Ternate 30

10

The province of Cavite has well-defined political subdivisions. Considering the rising

population of the province, the addition of new legislative districts is a good move in order to

ensure the appropriate representation of the province in the congress. In the year 2018, by virtue

of Republic Act No. 11069, the province was divided into eight legislative districts. The move

to increase the number of congressional representatives in Cavite aids the province to have

better representation in the national government and in effect receive more appropriate

government services and assistance.

Currently, the Province is composed of eight district with 23 municipalities and 7 are

cities with a total of 829 barangays. The seven cities include the seat of the Provincial

Government - Trece Martires City, the defense frontier - Cavite City, the provincial summer

capital - Tagaytay City and the newly declared City of Dasmariñas under the Republic Act 9723

which was ratified last November 25, 2009. City of Bacoor and City of Imus were added in the

roster of cities in Cavite by virtue of RA 10160 dated February 08, 2012 and RA 10161 dated

April 10, 2012, respectively. RA 10675 dated December 12, 2015, the municipality of General

Trias in Cavite into a component city which making it Cavite's 7th city.

The City of Bacoor, Imus, Dasmariñas and General Trias also happens to be alone

legislative jurisdiction of District II, III, IV and VI.

v. Demography

According to Philippine National Statistics, the population of the province of Cavite, as

of May 01, 2015, is 3,678,301. In 2017 it rose high marking a 4.2 million populations. The

province of Cavite is the most populous and second most densely populated province of the

Philippines. The figure is anticipated to increase further with the developments in the area in

terms of infrastructure, industrialization and other projects.

Table 2. Population of Cavite in the last 25 years

Year Population ±% p.a.

1990 1,152,534 —

1995 1,610,324 6.47%

2000 2,063,161 5.46%

2007 2,856,765 4.59%

2010 3,090,691 2.91%

2015 3,678,301 3.37%

The table above showed the population of Cavite in the last 25 years. As the table

revealed, in year 1990 the recorded population was 1,152,534. In the year 1995, the population

was 1,610,324 with 6.47% increase. In the year 2015, the population was 3,678,301 with 3.37%

increase since 2010.

Among the cities and municipalities of Cavite, the city of Dasmariñas has the biggest

population with 659,019 while the municipality of General Emilio Aguinaldo has the lowest

population with 22, 220. The province of Cavite is classified as predominantly urban; it is
90.69% of the population concentrated in the urban area; while 9.21% of the population reside

in the rural areas. The major factors, cited by National Statistics Coordination Board that

contributed to the increase are proximity to National Capital Region (NCR), housing and

subdivision projects, increase in working sites and expansion of commercial establishments.

Population of Cavite According to Sex

1828655,
49.7% 1849646,
50.3%

Female Male
Figure 1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Population of Cavite
According to Sex

Figure 1 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the population of Cavite in

2015 according to sex. Out of 3,678,301, 50.3% or 1,849,646 of the population are female;

49.7% or 1,828,655 of the population are male.

 Population of Cavite according to Age
800,000

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

0
0-9 years 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+ years
years years years years years years years

Figure 2. Frequency Distribution of Population of Cavite according to Age

Figure 2 showed the age distribution of the population of Cavite in 2015. As revealed

in the figure, the majority of the population belonged to age group the 10-19 years old age

group, having the frequency of 711, 059 which made the 19% of the total population. The age

group of 0-9 years old have the frequency of 707, 761; the age group of 20-29 years old have

the frequency of 691,719; the age group of 30-39 years old have the frequency of 588,418; the

age group of 40-49 years old have the frequency of 441,836; the age group of 50-59 years old

have the frequency of 294,257; the age group of 60-69 years old have the frequency of 161,663;

the age group of 70-79 years old have the frequency of 60,233; he age group of 80 and above

years old have the least number, consisting of 21,355 of the total population.
 Religion in the province of the Cavite is heavily influenced by its history as a part of the

Spanish Empire. According to the statistics of the Cavite Ecological Profile, Roman Catholic is

the largest religious affiliation in the province of Cavite with 85.7% of the total population,

followed by Iglesia ni Cristo, with 3.7% of the population. In some areas of Cavite, there are

practices of Islamic faiths, due to migration from Mindanao.

Each region has a dialect and some words coined through their unique local culture.

According to Cavite Island Philippines, the languages that are spoken in Cavite province are

Filipino, Chabacano/Chavacano and English. The origin of Chavacano begun during the arrival

of the Spaniards and it is the dialect of the majority of Caviteños that lived in Ternate and Cavite

city. But in the near future, this dialect may completely disappear because there are only few

Caviteños now who speak Chavacano dialect.

vi. Economy

Agriculture

Agriculture is the most important economic activity in the province of Cavite.

According to the Office of the Provincial Agriculturist, the agricultural land is about 49.38% or

70 466.53 hectares of the total land area of the province. The municipality of Maragondon

covers 14.57% of the total provincial agricultural lands, making it the biggest area for

agriculture. Maragondon, Silang, Indang, Naic and Alfonso are the top municipalities in the

field of agriculture. However, Cavite City has no available land for agricultural production.

While, General Trias and Naic were known for producing rice and Silang mostly produces

pineapple and coffee. (Source: Agriculture (2012). Wayback Machine. Cavite Official

Website.)
Industry and Commerce

The province of Cavite maintained the number of industrial locators despite the

challenges of the worldwide economic crisis. The largest economic zone established in Cavite

is the PEC Industrial Park with its 177 hectares land and can be found in General Trias. It is

intended for food processing pharmaceuticals, textiles, garments and semi-conductors.

Among its cities and municipalities, Rosario has the highest number of industrial

establishments. One of the operating economic zones that can be found in Rosario is the Cavite

Economic Zone, developed and operated by the Philippine Economic Zone Authority. Next is

the municipality of Carmona, with the San Lazaro Leisure & Business Park that is developed

and operated by Manila Jockey Club, Inc.

Moreover, there are six SM Malls and four Robinsons Malls that can be found in the

vicinity of Cavite, these are; SM City Dasmarinas, SM City Bacoor, SM City Molino, SM City

Rosario, SM City Trece Martires, SM Center Imus, Robinsons Place Imus, Robinsons Place

Dasmarinas, Robinsons Place Tagaytay and Robinsons Place General Trias.

Businessman tend to establish business outsource manufacturing jobs in Cavite since

the province offers lower cost of labor and shows high manpower capability. As observed,

Cavite is considered as one of the most sought location for industrial establishments.
b.) Municipality of Indang

i. History

Before 1655: Separation and Independence

Indang, whose original name was Indan, derived from the Tagalog word Indang or

Inrang, which was a tree that was believed that grew there, was a municipality that was believed

instituted during the cold month of 1655. But first, the town of Indang was a part of Silang

which is also a municipality in Cavite. The distance between Indang which was a barrio that

time and the poblacion of Silang generated a problem regarding difficulties in transacting

official’s business and attending religious services. This caused the formal request of the

residents of Indang to be separated as a different municipality. The isolation of Indang was a

success and it became a municipality with Juan Dimabiling as its first gobernadorcillo. The

celebration of this separation was held during December 1 as Indang Day which was declared

by the government due to documental proof that Indang was instituted during the cold month

of 1655.

1896-1897: The Philippine Revolution

In the Filipino point of view, Luis Parang, Sta. Maria, Santiago Mojica Espineli and

Eduardo Camerino who was called bandits by several Spanish writers, set a long tradition of

Caviteño insurgency against Spanish domination, culminating in the Philippine Revolution of

1896.

Indang during the Philippine Revolutionary Era, was known by its Katipunan name

“Walang Tinag,” which means immovable. Also during this time, the letter “g” was added to
the municipality’s name. Indang played a significant role in the history of Philippine

Revolution. In Barangay Limbon, Andres Bonifacio was arrested and barred after the defeat of

his group in the Tejeros convention. He was proved of setting up a separate government and

army. Other outstanding revolutionary figures that came from the municipality are the

following:

1. Severino de las Alas, member of Aguinaldos revolutionary cabinet, who reported the

looting done by Bonifacios men in Indang, prompting Aguinaldo to order their arrest;

2. Raymundo Jeciel, who was with Aguinaldo during his retreat to Northern Luzon and

former governor of Cavite.

3. General Ambrosio Mojica, politico-military governor of the First Philippine Republic in

Samar and Leyte.

4. Hugo Ilagan, and (5) Jose Coronel, Cavite delegates to the Revolutionary Congress in

Tarlac, Tarlac.

1906-1998: Cavite State University

Another part of history of Indang was the establishment of Cavite State University

which began as an intermediate school in 1906 founded by Don Severino De Las Alas and the

said institution was named after him in the year 1958. In 1962, it eventually became a college

and finally a university in the year 1998. At present, this state university has 11 different

campuses in the whole province of Cavite having Don Severino delas Alas Campus in Indang

as its main campus.

ii. Etymology

Indang, previously named as Indan was derived from a tree called Inrang or Yndan

which grew abundantly in the locality of the municipality since the early times. It was during

the revolutionary era when the letter “g” was added to its name.

iii. Demography

According to the latest census held in 2015 by the National Statistics Office, the

population of Indang was 65,599 with 32,778 males and 32,821 females. This represented the

1.78% of the total population of the province of Cavite or 0.46% of the overall population of

CALABARZON region. The municipality of Indang has a population density of 880 inhabitants

per square kilometer or equivalent to 2,300 inhabitants per square mile.

The municipality’s population is mostly composed of Roman Catholics and Protestants.

Other significant percentage of the population are mostly Muslims.

iv. Economy

Agriculture

Indang is a first class municipality in the province of Cavite. It’s economy mainly relies

on its agriculture. About 80% of its land area are primarily for agricultural purposes. This

7,716.38 hectares of land are planted with different crops and trees such as coconut, banana,

coffee, pineapple and other several fruit trees. Since agriculture is the main focus of its

economy, the largest number of employment in the municipality is farming and trading of

agricultural products.
Trading and Industry

On the trade and industry, existing commercial and agribusiness establishments play a

relatively major role in the predominantly agri-based economy of Indang. Wholesale and retail

trade stores are mainly established within the urban area while sari-sari stores are the means of

trading establishments in the rural areas.

Transportation & Communication

Land transportation is the primary mode of transportation and means of transporting

goods and services in Indang to its nearby neighbor municipalities. Most commonly used

vehicles for public conveyances include buses, jeepneys and tricycles.

PLDT and Digitel are the two leading telephone companies serving the municipality.

Smart Communications, Globe Telecom and Digitel thru Sun Cellular are the leading mobile

networks in the municipality.

v. Government

The municipality of Indang with 36 barangays, has municipal officials that were led by

Hon. Perfecto V. Fidel as the Municipal Mayor with Hon. Ismael M. Rodil as his Municipal

Vice Mayor. With Hon. Antonio B. Espineli as Indang’s Association of Barangay Councils

President and 8 Sangguniang Barangay Members: Hon. Ruperto S. Baes, Hon. Robinson D.

Bernarte, Hon. John Mark M. Cayao, Hon. Avegel E. Kasaysayan, Hon. Estelita C. Lopez, Hon.

Cesar M. Mojica, Hon. Crispin Diego D. Remulla and Hon. Restituto J. Vejerano, the municipal

officials govern the Municipality of Indang with different plans, programs and projects towards

a better and successful government.

c.) Barangay Kayquit III

i. History

The name Kayquit came from the word "kikiwit” which means big shrimps that grew

abundantly in the river close to the barrio. And became "Kay-kitwit", but because the early

settlers, cannot properly pronounce the word, the name Kay-kitwit has changed into Kayquit,

which became the official name of the place.

Kayquit was established in 1851; the people had lived in small groups of families and

were ordered by then Gobernadorcillo de Ocampo to unite in one place actually making up the

barrio. The constitution into a barrio was due to the vexations suffered by the isolated people at

the hands of the notorious bandit-head Baldomero, who, during those times concentrated on the

outskirts of that barrio.

The early families were of Eusebio Creencia, Severino Roraldo, Gabriel Panaligan,

Gervacio Aterrado, Joaquin Sidamon, Antonio Espineli, Julio Aterrado, Julian Morales,

Fernando Arando, Anselmo Roraldo, Marcelino Erni, Pedro Babaan, Dionisio Perez, Domingo

Crucillo, Gregorio Babaan, Melecio Villa, Gavino Rodeo, Tomas Villa, Cornelio Rodino,

Candido Rodis, Estansilao de Ocampo, Florentino Viado, Pedro Buhay, Felipe Cuenco,

Clemente Rodin, Pedro Guevara, Pedro Escalante, Doroteo Buhay, Timoteo Creencia, Luciano

Terramil, Gregorio Panaligan, Agapito Guevara, Felix Erando, Mariano Creencia, Regino

Vigerano, Feliciano Espiritu, Benito Erie, Gregorio Roderos and Laureano Buhay.

Creation of Barangay Kayquit III

Barangay Kayquit was one of the largest and most populated barangays in the

municipality of Indang, and due to a petition filed by the residents, it was divided into three
barangays, namely Kayquit I, Kayquit II, and Kayquit III by virtue of Provincial Ordinance No.

03-1990 dated November 15, 1990. It was ratified through a plebiscite held on January 13,

1991.

Kayquit III is divided into seven (7) Puroks, each one headed by a Barangay Kagawad

under the supervision of the Punong Barangay. They are tasked to ensure peace and order

through settlement of petty quarrels among neighbors, screening newcomers in the barangay,

supervision of social activities and meet the needs and please of residents.

Figure 3. Official Seal of Barangay Kayquit III

In early 2003, the Sangguniang Barangay conceptualized the official seal of this

barangay. After some discussions and deliberations, it was decided and approved to adopt the

sugar palm tree, locally known as "irok" or "kaong", as the official seal of the barangay. It

symbolizes one of the most important sources of livelihood during the past years until around

2005, when the farmers diverted to other crops which have more potential in terms of economic

gains. From the sap of the tree is extracted the popularly known "sukang irok" which was then

very popular in the barangay. Kayquit III has been one the sources of the very popular Arenga

Vinegar which is exported in many parts of the world. The leaf vein of the tree is good source
of "walls tingting." On top of the leaves are seen two species of civets (alamid and musang).

The kaong tree serves as habitat for these animals. Although the commercial production of

"sukang irok" in Kayquit III is not so popular these days, there are still some farmers who

produce this for personal consumption and sugar palm trees still abound. The color green which

is also the actual color of the leaves of the kaong tree, symbolizes the modern agriculture

community that the barangay envisions it to be. The phrase written on the inner circle is aligned

to the Mission and Vision of this barangay. In year 2003, the logo was conceptualized and

adopted.

ii. Geography

Barangay Kayquit Ill is located at one of the highest parts in the Municipality of Indang.

Bound by Barangay Asis, Mendez in the south, Barangay Kayquit I in the north, Barangay

Kaytambog in the west and Barangay Mahabang Kahoy Cerca in the east, it has the largest land

area among the three (3) barangays of Kayquit measuring 319 hectares of agricultural and

residential land. It is bounded by two rivers, namely Saluysoy River in Mahabang Kahoy Cerca

and Kaytambog River in the west. The land use classification is residential-agricultural and

rightly so with its sticky soil and cool climate that makes it conducive for tillage. A large portion

of the land, about 227 hectares, is agricultural planted mostly with fruit-bearing trees such as

santol, coconut, jackfruit, bananas and other trees such as coffee, and sugar palm trees. The

remaining small area of the land (92 hectares) is occupied by the residential portion of the

territory. A river flows at the edge of Kayquit III that serves to divide it from Kayquit I.
iii. Spot Map

Figure 4. Spot Map of Kayquit III

iv. Mission and Vision

Mission

Maiangat ang kabuhayan ng mamamayan at mapanatili ang pagiging pamayanang

agrikultural na nangangalaga sa kalikasan.

Vision

Isang pamayanang mayaman so produktong agrikultural, may malawak at modernong

sakahan na di-nakasisira ng kalikasan at may mamamayang maunlad ang kabuhayan.

v. Organizational Chart

Reynaldo G. Diesta
Punong Barangay

Alberto B. Ferrer Virgilio C. Morales

Kagawad Kagawad
Peace and Order Finance and Education

Noelino P. Roderos Reiner C. Ersando

Kagawad Kagawad
Infrastracture Architecture and Livelihood

Eladio F. Perea, Jr.

Nelson E. Suarez
Kagawad
Kagawad
Solid Waste Management
Health and Sanitation
and Environmental
Protection

Florante G. dela Cruz Johann Mark G. Rodrin

Kagawad SK Chairman
Women and Family Youth and Sports
Protection Development

Lilia G. Tiglao Feliciana F. Cruzada

Barangay Secretary Barangay Treasurer

Figure 5. Organizational Chart of Barangay Ofiicials of Kayquit III in Indang, Cavite