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    Anemia Pathophysiology

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    Honey Lorie D. Simbajon
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Age: 13-30 y.o. Gender: Female Conditions:Pregnancy, excessive menstruation, alcoholics Underlying disease conditions: Cancer, Kidney Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus PRECIPITATING FACTORS: Dietary intake (Iron, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid), erythropoietin Malabsorption:Lack of intrinsic factor, Inappropriate interventions upon intake of Supplements, Gastrectomy, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Vitamin B12 Deficiency Manifestations: Smooth sour tongue Diarrhea P

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    Anemia Pathophysiology

    Uploaded by

    Honey Lorie D. Simbajon
    3K views2 pages
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Age: 13-30 y.o. Gender: Female Conditions:Pregnancy, excessive menstruation, alcoholics Underlying disease conditions: Cancer, Kidney Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus PRECIPITATING FACTORS: Dietary intake (Iron, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid), erythropoietin Malabsorption:Lack of intrinsic factor, Inappropriate interventions upon intake of Supplements, Gastrectomy, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Vitamin B12 Deficiency Manifestations: Smooth sour tongue Diarrhea P

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    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Age: 13-30 y.o. Gender: Female Conditions:Pregnancy, excessive menstruation, alcoholics Underlying disease conditions: Cancer, Kidney Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus PRECIPITATING FACTORS: Dietary intake (Iron, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid), erythropoietin Malabsorption:Lack of intrinsic factor, Inappropriate interventions upon intake of Supplements, Gastrectomy, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Vitamin B12 Deficiency Manifestations: Smooth sour tongue Diarrhea P

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    3K views2 pages

    Anemia Pathophysiology

    Uploaded by

    Honey Lorie D. Simbajon
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Age: 13-30 y.o. Gender: Female Conditions:Pregnancy, excessive menstruation, alcoholics Underlying disease conditions: Cancer, Kidney Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus PRECIPITATING FACTORS: Dietary intake (Iron, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid), erythropoietin Malabsorption:Lack of intrinsic factor, Inappropriate interventions upon intake of Supplements, Gastrectomy, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Vitamin B12 Deficiency Manifestations: Smooth sour tongue Diarrhea P

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    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

    PREDISPOSING FACTORS: PRECIPITATING FACTORS:


    Age: 13-30 y.o. Dietary intake (Iron, Vitamin B12 and
    Gender: Female Folic Acid), erythropoietin
    Conditions:Pregnancy, excessive Malabsorption:Lack of intrinsic factor,
    menstruation, alcoholics Inappropriate interventions upon intake
    Underlying disease conditions: Cancer, of Supplements, Gastrectomy,
    Kidney Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus Inflammatory Bowel Disease

    Vitamin B12 Deficiency Folic Acid Deficiency Iron Deficiency

    Manifestations:
     Smooth sour tongue
     Diarrhea Proliferation of large Lack of hemoglobin in the
     Paresthesias of hands and immature dysfunctional RBC RBC
    feet
     Impaired coordination and
    position sense
    Alterations of Normal
    production of RBCs

    O2 Carrying Capability Manifestations:


     Pale skin
     shortness of breath
    Hypoxia  rapid heartbeat
     low vitality
     dizziness
    Hypoxemia

    Organ
    Dysfunction

    Organ Failure

    DEATH ANEMIA
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

    ANEMIA

    Anemia,  medical condition caused by an abnormally low number of red blood cells. Red blood cells, also called erythrocytes, contain hemoglobin, a red, iron-rich protein that carries oxygen in the blood to the
    body’s tissues. People with anemia develop symptoms caused by the poor delivery of oxygen to their body tissues. These symptoms include pale skin, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, low vitality, dizziness,
    and, if left untreated, stroke or heart failure.

    There are three primary causes of anemia: (1) reduced production of red blood cells; (2) excessive destruction of red blood cells; and (3) extensive bleeding. Red  blood cell production becomes impaired if the body
    has inadequate amounts of certain nutrients, including iron, vitamin B 12, and folic acid, as well as the hormone erythropoietin, which is produced by the kidneys. Chronic illnesses, such as cancer, kidney disease,
    diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory bowel disease, may also lead to decreased red blood cell production. Red  blood cells normally live for about 120 days before the immune system removes them from the body.
    The body compensates by producing new red blood cells. But if the destruction of red blood cells exceeds the body’s ability to produce new red blood cells, anemia results. Abnormal  destruction of red blood cells
    may be caused by an enlarged spleen, an organ that removes worn red blood cells from the body. The larger the spleen grows, the more red blood cells it traps and destroys. In some cases red blood cells are
    destroyed by a malfunction of the immune system in which antibodies attach to red blood cells, marking them for destruction. Red blood cells may also be destroyed by some genetic conditions, such as
    thalassemia, that cause defects in the structure or function of red blood cells. Excessive  bleeding can cause dangerously low blood pressure as well as insufficient oxygen delivery to body tissues. Large amounts of
    blood loss may occur suddenly due to injury or surgery. In some cases, excessive bleeding may occur over time, such as from bleeding ulcers or tumors of the intestinal tract.

    Decreased RBCs in the system would lead to hypoxia that would later turn to hypoxemia. If appropriate interventions are not done, it would lead to organ dysfunction and then organ failure thus complications
    arises during this time and if left untreated, death is inevitable.

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