STEEPH Factors
STEEPH Factors
STEEPH Factors
A factor is a process or activity which influences how a place, phenomena or resource develops. It includes
processes and activities such as the presence of natural features, climate, the construction of infrastructure,
population growth and government policies. In explaining the factors influencing a place, phenomena or resources,
students classify the factors according to whether they emanate from social, historical, economic, environmental,
political or technological realms.
Social: those factors attributable to the characteristics of people and society and culture. It includes population size
and dynamics, the issues relating to education, health, living conditions and crime, cultural, language and religious
aspects, characteristics of its workforce, and features relating to ethnicity, class and gender.
Technological: those factors arising from changes in the technology, skills, crafts and knowledge available. It
includes the development of new means of developing resources or various other human endeavours. Advance in
technology may have a significant impact how resources are used, such as the intensification of farming, the use of
new technology to track and capture fish, and the use of infrastructure to store and transport water.
Economic: those factors relating to the finances and the distribution of wealth, such as profits, employment,
investment, exports and trade balances, debt, taxes, currency and exchange rates, inflation, Gross National Product,
wages, the cost of commodities and services, etc.
Environmental: those factors relating to the environment. This includes aspects of the built environment, such as
urban spaces, transport facilities and other infrastructure, as well components of the physical and ecological world in
the biosphere, the atmosphere, the lithosphere, and the hydrosphere, including climate, rocks, minerals and soils, air,
landforms, flora and fauna.
Political: those factors relating to the decision-making process. It can relate to government policies and laws on a
local, state, national, regional or global scale. It also includes factors which have developed through community and
non-government organisations, the union movement, wars and civil disruption. Laws, policies, regulations, tariffs,
taxes, zoning, government controls, treaties, trade embargoes are examples of political factors which can influence
phenomena.
Historical: those factors (social – including cultural - technological, economic, environmental or political) which may
not be operating today, but have occurred in the past and have left a lasting impact. The influence of these factors is
still evident today, even though circumstances have changed. It may, for example, explain the location or distribution
of a phenomenon, the architecture or design of the built environment, the work culture or language spoken.
Some factors may be more influential than others in contributing towards how a phenomenon develops. It is therefore
possible to assess the relative contribution of various factors towards a particular phenomenon, and determine which
have been dominant.
VCE Unit 1 and 2 Geography
Activity: