Lab – Disk CLI Commands

Introduction
In this lab, you will work with disk CLI commands.

Required Resources
 A Windows PC
 An additional partition with an NTFS file system

Instructions
Part 1: The chkdsk Command Options
In this part, you will explore the Windows command that allow you to scan and repair disks.

Step 1: Explore the chkdsk command

a. Open a command prompt.
b. Open the help page the command chkdsk. Enter help chkdsk or chkdsk /? at the prompt to answer the
following questions:
Questions:
What is the option to fix errors on the drive?
Type your answers here.
What is the option to force the volume to dismount first if necessary?
Type your answers here.
What is the option to locate bad sectors and recover readable information?
Type your answers here.
c. Enter the chkdsk command to check the C:\ drive with the options from the questions in the previous
step.
Question:
What happened? Explain.
Type your answers here.

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Lab – Disk CLI Commands

Step 2: Use the chkdsk command options.

a. Open a Command Prompt window with elevated privileges. Click Start and search for Command
Prompt. Within the search results, right-click Command Prompt and select Run as administrator.

b. In the Command Prompt window with elevated privileges, enter the command chkdsk C: /F /X /R to
check the status of this drive. Enter y when prompted. Note the change in the prompt.
C:\Windows\system32> chkdsk C: /F /X /R
The type of the file system is NTFS.
Cannot lock current drive.

Chkdsk cannot run because the volume is in use by another

process. Would you like to schedule this volume to be
checked the next time the system restarts? (Y/N) y

This volume will be checked the next time the system restarts.
Note that the volume will be checked when the system restarts that next time because the volume is in
use and it cannot be checked at this time.
Question:
What is the file system of the drive?
Type your answers here.
c. A second partition was created in a previous lab. You can perform the chkdsk command on the second
partition. The I: drive will be used in this example.
C:\Windows\system32> chkdsk I: /F /X /R
The type of the file system is NTFS.
Volume label is ITEINFO.

Stage 1: Examining basic file system structure ...

256 file records processed.
File verification completed.
0 large file records processed.
0 bad file records processed.
<some output omitted>

Part 2: Create a new partition using DiskPart

In this part, you will shrink the second partition on the hard drive and create a third partition.

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Lab – Disk CLI Commands

Note: Please back up any data from the drives before proceeding in this part. Because a new partition will be
created by shrinking a volume and the new partition will be formatted. All data will be erased during the
formatting process.

Step 1: List the disks, partitions, and volume.

a. Using a command prompt with elevated privilege, enter diskpart at the prompt.
C:\Windows\system32> diskpart

Microsoft DiskPart version 10.0.17763.1

Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.

On computer: DESKTOP-PUU52R2

DISKPART>
b. Notice the prompt indicated that you are in the diskpart utility. Enter help at the DISKPART> prompt to
list the available commands within the diskpart utility. You can also use the help command anytime while
you are in the diskpart utility. For example, enter help list disk at the prompt to view more information
about the list disk command.
DISKPART> help list disk

Displays a list of disks.

Syntax: LIST DISK

Displays a list of disks and information about them, such as their

size, amount of available free space, whether the disk is a basic
or dynamic disk, and whether the disk uses the master boot record
(MBR) or GUID partition table (GPT) partition style. The disk marked
with an asterisk (*) has focus.
c. Enter list disk at the DISKPART> prompt to list all the disk in the PC.
DISKPART> list disk

Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt

-------- ------------- ------- ------- --- ---
Disk 0 Online 50 GB 1024 KB
Disk 1 Online 5120 MB 1024 KB
Question:
Enter list partition to list all the partitions on the disk. How partitions are on the disk?
Type your answers here.
d. Enter list partition command to list the partitions on the disk. Note: If you only have 1 disk, the disk is
selected by default. If you have more than 1 disk in your PC as listed in the list disk command, you will
need to select the desired disk. If you are interested in disk 0, enter select disk 0.
DISKPART> select disk 0

Disk 0 is now the selected disk.

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Lab – Disk CLI Commands

e. Enter list partition to list all the partition on the selected disk.
DISKPART> list partition

Partition ### Type Size Offset

------------- ---------------- ------- -------
Partition 1 Primary 549 MB 1024 KB
Partition 2 Primary 47 GB 550 MB
Partition 3 Primary 2047 MB 47 GB
f. Enter list volume to list all the volumes on the computer. This will include the volumes on all the disks.
DISKPART> list volume

Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info

---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- --------
Volume 0 E CD-ROM 0 B No Media
Volume 1 System Rese NTFS Partition 549 MB Healthy System
Volume 2 C NTFS Partition 47 GB Healthy Boot
Volume 3 I ITEINFO NTFS Partition 2048 MB Healthy
Volume 4 D SecondDisk NTFS Partition 5117 MB Healthy
g. Select the volume that will be used to create a new partition in the next step.
DISKPART> select volume 3

Volume 3 is the selected volume.

Step 2: Shrink a volume.

a. Review the shrink command. Enter help shrink at the DISKPART prompt.
DISKPART> help shrink

Reduces the size of the volume with focus by the specified amount. Makes
free disk space available from unused space at the end of the volume.

Syntax: SHRINK [DESIRED=<N>] [MINIMUM=<N>] [NOWAIT] [NOERR]

SHRINK QUERYMAX [NOERR]
<some output omitted>
Question:
What option is used to determine the maximum number of bytes that the volume can be shrink by?
Type your answers here.
b. Use the shrink command with the option querymax to determine the maximum number of bytes that the
volume can be shrink by.
Question:
What is the maximum number of reclaimable bytes?
Type your answers here.
c. Enter shrink desired=500 to reduce the size of volume by 500 megabytes.
DISKPART> shrink desired=500

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Lab – Disk CLI Commands

The maximum number of reclaimable bytes is: 500 MB

Step 3: Create a new partition.

In the previous step, you have create 973 MB free space on the disk. In this step, you will create a primary
partition with 500 MB with an NTFS file system.
a. Enter create partition primary at the DISKPART prompt.
DISKPART> create partition primary

DiskPart succeeded in creating the specified partition.

Note: If there are already 3 primary partitions, you will need to create logical partition, instead of primary
partitions.
DISKPART> create partition extended
DISKPART> create partition logical
b. List the partition to verify that you have created a new partition. Notice the asterisk (*) next to partition 4 to
indicate the partition is currently selected.
DISKPART> list partition

Partition ### Type Size Offset

------------- ---------------- ------- -------
Partition 1 Primary 549 MB 1024 KB
Partition 2 Primary 47 GB 550 MB
Partition 3 Primary 1548 MB 47 GB
* Partition 4 Primary 501 MB 49 GB
c. List the volumes to verify that a new volume was created and is automatically selected. Note the file
system is listed as RAW.
DISKPART> list volume

Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info

---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- --------
Volume 0 E CD-ROM 0 B No Media
Volume 1 System Rese NTFS Partition 549 MB Healthy System
Volume 2 C NTFS Partition 47 GB Healthy Boot
Volume 3 I ITEINFO NTFS Partition 1548 MB Healthy
Volume 4 D SecondDisk NTFS Partition 5117 MB Healthy
* Volume 5 RAW Partition 501 MB Healthy
d. The new volume needs to be formatted with an appropriate file system before it can be used. The new
volume will be format as NTFS and it will be labeled as new.
DISKPART> format fs=ntfs label=new

100 percent completed

DiskPart successfully formatted the volume.

e. The new volume will be assigned as drive letter w.
DISKPART> assign letter=w

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Lab – Disk CLI Commands

DiskPart successfully assigned the drive letter or mount point.

f. List the volume to verify the new modification.
DISKPART> list volume

Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info

---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- --------
Volume 0 E CD-ROM 0 B No Media
Volume 1 System Rese NTFS Partition 549 MB Healthy System
Volume 2 C NTFS Partition 47 GB Healthy Boot
Volume 3 I ITEINFO NTFS Partition 1548 MB Healthy
Volume 4 D SecondDisk NTFS Partition 5117 MB Healthy
* Volume 5 W new NTFS Partition 501 MB Healthy
g. Enter exit at the DISKPART> to exit the DiskPart utility.

Step 4: Format the new volume as a FAT file system.

Formatting can also be done outside of the DiskPart utility.
a. In an elevated command prompt, enter the format command to reformat w: to use an FAT32 file system.
When prompted, enter new as the current volume label. Enter the NewVol as the new volume label.
C:\Windows\system32> format /fs:fat32 w:
The type of the file system is NTFS.
The new file system is FAT32.
Enter current volume label for drive W: new

WARNING, ALL DATA ON NON-REMOVABLE DISK

DRIVE W: WILL BE LOST!
Proceed with Format (Y/N)? y
Formatting 500.0 MB
Initializing the File Allocation Table (FAT)...
Volume label (11 characters, ENTER for none)? NewVol
Format complete.
496.0 MB total disk space.
496.0 MB are available.

4,096 bytes in each allocation unit.

126,975 allocation units available on disk.

32 bits in each FAT entry.

Volume Serial Number is 90C2-A65F

b. Navigate to the newly created W: drive and create folders and files, if desired.

Part 3: Clean up
After you have verified that the new partition is working, you will delete the newly created volume and the free
space will rejoin the original second partition.
a. At the elevated command prompt, enter diskpart to return to the DiskPart utitliy.

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Lab – Disk CLI Commands

b. List all the disks for the computer by issuing the list disk command.
DISKPART> list disk

Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt

-------- ------------- ------- ------- --- ---
Disk 0 Online 50 GB 0 B
Disk 1 Online 5120 MB 1024 KB
c. Select the appropriate disk that has the newly created volume.
DISKPART> select disk 0

Disk 0 is now the selected disk.

d. List all the volume for the computer by using the list volume command.
DISKPART> list volume

Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info

---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- --------
Volume 0 E CD-ROM 0 B No Media
Volume 1 System Rese NTFS Partition 549 MB Healthy System
Volume 2 C NTFS Partition 47 GB Healthy Boot
Volume 3 I ITE NTFS Partition 1148 MB Healthy
Volume 4 W NEWVOL FAT32 Partition 500 MB Healthy
Volume 5 D SecondDisk NTFS Partition 5117 MB Healthy
e. Select the volume that should be deleted.
DISKPART> select volume 4

Volume 4 is the selected volume.

f. Delete the volume using the delete volume command.
DISKPART> delete volume

DiskPart successfully deleted the volume.

g. Verify that the volume has been deleted by using the list volume command.
DISKPART> list volume

Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info

---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- --------
Volume 0 E CD-ROM 0 B No Media
Volume 1 System Rese NTFS Partition 549 MB Healthy System
Volume 2 C NTFS Partition 47 GB Healthy Boot
Volume 3 I ITE NTFS Partition 1148 MB Healthy
Volume 4 D SecondDisk NTFS Partition 5117 MB Healthy
h. Now you can recover the free space from the deleted volume 4 by extending volume 3 to include the free
space. Select volume 3 and use the extend command to extend volume 3.
DISKPART> select volume 3

Volume 3 is the selected volume.

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Lab – Disk CLI Commands

DISKPART> extend

DiskPart successfully extended the volume.

i. Use the list partition command to verify that the newly created partition was deleted and the shrunk
partition is back to the original capacity.
DISKPART> list partition

Partition ### Type Size Offset

------------- ---------------- ------- -------
Partition 1 Primary 549 MB 1024 KB
Partition 2 Primary 47 GB 550 MB
Partition 3 Primary 2049 MB 47 GB
j. Enter exit at the DISKPART> to exit the DiskPart utility.
End of Document

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