International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System

IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 6, Issue 12
December 2017

Design and simulation of Wien Bridge Oscillator using CMOS

Op Amp and CMOS OTA

Sucheta Singh, Shubhra Aakanksha, Manisha R Singh,

School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University
Greater Noida, UP, India
Dr. Mohit Sahni
School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University
Greater Noida, UP, India

Abstract:A classic Wien bridge oscillator (WBO) is a unique circuit that realized through the use of two stage CMOS Op
Amp is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme is realized in such a way that employs Op Amp as active circuit
element and an OTA by which it does not require external passive circuit elements. The circuit is simple and can be
easily constructed from commercially available IC. The performance of the oscillator circuit is discussed and confirmed
by simulation results. The PSpice simulation is done by using 0.5um technology. Transconductance type device-
operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)-based sinusoidal oscillator is more advantageous than OpAmp based
oscillator because OTA includes an external current signal which linearly control the oscillation frequency and this
feature makes it more advantageous.
Keywords:Wien Bridge Oscillator (WBO), Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS), Operational
Amplifier (OpAmp), Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA)

1. Introduction
The Wien bridge oscillator generates new oscillations at output signal without any sinusoidal input source.
One of the tutorial on Wien Bridge Oscillator using 741 OpAmp was appeared in 2001[3]. Wein bridge
oscillator is a type of electronic circuit which can generate large of frequencies in order to produce sin wave.
WBO is a positive gain amplifier which includes band pass filter at its positive feedback. It includes amplifier
which gain should be greater than 3. Without any sinusoidal input it generates continuous oscillation at its
output. WBO includes the application of precision measurement of capacitance in terms of resistance and
frequency.
The idle OpAmp includes infinite gain, infinite input impedance, and zero output impedance. OpAmp is
voltage controlled voltage source. To provide high gain two stage OpAmp is used, first stage is to generate
high gain and second stage is for high swing. To reduce power dissipation CMOS OpAmp are used [1], [5].
Next is CMOS based operational transconductance amplifier. The differential input voltage at the nodes of
OTA produces an output current. OTA is more suitable for low power and high speed. When differential input
voltages are applied to OTA then it produces differential output currents. Bipolar OTA has a maximum input
voltage of 30mv, but transconductance tunability here is OTA’s bias dependence transconductance
programmability. WBO using OTA is proposed by general purpose IC- CA3080 [4]. To make the analysis
simple and easier a loop breaking method is applied [2]. CMOS OTA provides- finite SNR, finite bandwidth,
linear input voltage, finite output impedance.

2. Circuit Description:
2.1. Two stage CMOS OpAmp
The basic two stage CMOS OpAmp is generally used for the applications which are having medium
performance. A general two stage CMOS OpAmp can be given as shown in figure 1. Starting assumptions are
taken as-

58 Sucheta Singh, Shubhra Aakanksha, Manisha R Singh, Dr. Mohit Sahni

 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 6, Issue 12
December 2017

(W/L) 1 = (W/L) 2 = (W / L) 5 = (W / L)7 = (W/L) 8

CC = 1uf
Reference current = 25ua

Fig. 1. Two stage CMOS OpAmp

2.2. Analysis of two stage CMOS OpAmp

Two stage CMOS OpAmp includes 8 MOSFETs with a reference current. In this paper this CMOS OpAmp is
working at 15v supply voltage. For two stage CMOS OpAmp following assumptions
are taken as-
(W/L) 1 =(W/L) 2 = (W / L ) 5 = (W / L)7 =(W/L) 8 =18/1 ,(W/L) 3 = (W/L) 4 = (W/L) 8 = 5/1
These specification provide offset voltage of few micro volt = 290uv. DC analyis can be done by taking Vin
initially zero and analyse
.dc vin -100mv 100mv 1mv
Finally the simulation graph can be as shown in Figure 2. The graph represents the variation of output current
with respect to input voltage.

Fig. 2: Variation of output current with input voltage

59 Sucheta Singh, Shubhra Aakanksha, Manisha R Singh, Dr. Mohit Sahni

 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 6, Issue 12
December 2017

2.3. CMOS OTA

OTA using CMOS provides an advantageous performance because it can have mulitple inputs and multiple
outputs. CMOS OTA includes 8 MOSFETS with a bias current. This externally applied bias current
directly controls the circuit. Transconductance can be given by following formula-
IB
gm =
2VT

.
Fig. 3: CMOS OTA

The general circcuit diagram for CMOS OTA is shown in figure 3.

2.4. ANALYSIS OF CMOS OTA
CMOS OTA includes the following assumptions-
(W/L) 1 = (W/L) 2 , (W/L) 3 = (W / L) 4 = (W/L) 8 = (W / L) 5 , (W / L ) 6 = (W / L)7
This includes power supply of 2.5 volt.
Value of capacitance Cc =1uf, reference current =25ua
(W/L) 1 = (W/L) 2 = 10/1, (W/L) 3 = (W / L) 4 = (W/L) 8 = (W / L) 5 = 4/1
(W / L ) 6 = (W / L)7 = 8/1
Value of bias current = 0.25ma
The analysis of CMOS OTA can be done by applying voltage v1 and v2 at nodes inp and inn respectively
v1 inp 0 dc 0v
v2 inn 0 dc 0v
.dc v1 -5v 5v 0.1mv

An extra dummy source is added to get the final output current through this dummy source i.e.
I(vdummy). Finally simulation result provides the graph between I(vdummy) and voltage at node
inp ( v1 ) as shown in Figure 4.

60 Sucheta Singh, Shubhra Aakanksha, Manisha R Singh, Dr. Mohit Sahni

 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 6, Issue 12
December 2017

Fig. 4: Variation of output current with input voltage

3. Wien bridge oscillator using two stage CMOS OpAmp

Wien bridge oscillator using two stage CMOS OpAmp includes inverting and non-inverting terminals with
feedback supply. Wien bridge oscillator is a combination of bandpass filter and an inverting amplifier with an
overall gain 1.

Fig. 5: Wien bridge oscillator using OpAmp

Overall gain ( Av ) = gain of band pass filter ( Av1 ) * gain of amplifier ( AV2 )
= (1/3) 3 = 1

4. SIMULATION RESULT
The simulation of proposed OTA performed by using cadence tool version 16.6. All the design
simulations are carried out at 0.5um technology for high oscillation. The designed PSpice is done with level 3
which has following parameters-

61 Sucheta Singh, Shubhra Aakanksha, Manisha R Singh, Dr. Mohit Sahni

 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 6, Issue 12
December 2017

*SPICE LEVEL3 PARAMETERS FOR NMOS

.MODEL nmos_name NMOS LEVEL=3 PHI=0.7 TOX=9.5E-09 XJ=0.2U TPG=1
VTO=0.7 DELTA=8.8E-01 LD=5E-08 KP=1.56E-04 UO=420 THETA=2.3E-01 RSH=2.0E+00
GAMMA=0.62 NSUB=1.40E+17 NFS=7.20E+11 VMAX=1.8E+05 ETA=2.125E-02 KAPPA=1E-01
CGDO=3.0E-10 CGSO=3.0E-10 CGBO=4.5E-10 CJ=5.50E-04 MJ=0.6 CJSW=3E-10 MJSW=0.35
PB=1.1

*SPICE LEVEL3 PARAMETERS FOR PMOS

.MODEL pmos_name PMOS LEVEL=3 PHI=0.7 TOX=9.5E-09 XJ=0.2U TPG=-1
VTO=-0.95 DELTA=2.5E-01 LD=7E-08 KP=4.8E-05 UO=130 THETA=2.0E-01 RSH=2.5E+00
GAMMA=0.52 NSUB=1.0E+17 NFS=6.50E+11 VMAX=3.0E+05 ETA=2.5E-02 KAPPA=8.0E+00
CGDO=3.5E-10 CGSO=3.5E-10 CGBO=4.5E-10 CJ=9.50E-04 MJ=0.5 CJSW=2E-10 MJSW=0.25
PB=1

Using the following specification the design of wien bridge oscillator using two stage CMOS OpAmp is done-
I ref = 880 a, Vdd = 15v , VSS = -15v , C= 1pf

r1 = 16k , C1 = 16.9nf , r 2 = 16k , C 2 = 16.9nf , r 3 = 1000k , r 4 = 10k

Here, r1 = r 2 = r and C1 = C 2 = c
Now to perform transient analysis following step is taken-
.tran 1us 1ms

Fig. 6. Transient analysis of wien bridge oscillator

This graph shows the variation of output voltage with respect to time. Output is a sine wave.

62 Sucheta Singh, Shubhra Aakanksha, Manisha R Singh, Dr. Mohit Sahni

 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 6, Issue 12
December 2017

5. DESCRIPTION AND SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM

Wien bridge oscillator can be designed using OpAmp for few range of frequency. To get a wide range of
frequency OTA version of WBO is used. In this passive element resistance can be replaced by active element
OTA as shown in figure 7. PSpice simulation for this can be done by using 0.5um technology in level=3.

Fig. 7. Wien bridge oscillator using OTA

The circuit diagram in figure 7 can be converted into open loop circuit as shown in following figure 8-

Fig. 8. Wien bridge oscillator using OTA in open loop

From the circuit diagram in figure 7 and 8 we can show that

V in = V out
The mathematical analysis of this kind of Wien bridge oscillator can be done by considering two impedance
as follows-

Z 1= + (1)
m4 1

63 Sucheta Singh, Shubhra Aakanksha, Manisha R Singh, Dr. Mohit Sahni

 International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 6, Issue 12
December 2017

1
Z2 = (2)
g m3  sC2

g m .V = g m . V out (3)
1 2

V = Z 2 .V in / (Z 1 + Z 2 ) (4)

From equation 1, 2, 3, 4 and putting V in = Vout , final equation become,

 g m C1  g m C 2  g m C1 g m1 g m 4  gm gm
S +   S+
2 3 4 4
=0 (5) Now the condition for oscillation can be
3 4

 C1C 2 g m 2 C2  C1C 2
given by,

g m = 3. g m ( if g m  g m )
1 2 3 4

And the frequency for oscillation is given by equation 6,

gm gm
1 3 4
f   (6)
2 C1C 2

CONCLUSION
Wien bridge oscillator performs the action without any externally applied input signal, single two stage
CMOS OpAmp and other than that, using OTA. Ota is more reliable than OpAmp. WBOs are good sine wave
oscillator because these are helpful to generate large range of frequencies and do not include any external
input signal to generate continuous oscillation. This paper shows a better improvement in oscillator output
using an improved cmos opamp.

REFERENCES
[1] E.Sanchez-Sinencio and J.Silva-Martinez, ‘CMOS Transconductance amplifiers, architectures and active filters: a
tutorial’, IEEE proc., 147, pp. 3-10, 2000.
[2] Howard T. Russell, Jr., Member, ‘A Loop-Breaking Method for the Analysis and Simulation of Feedback
Amplifiers’, IEEE Transaction on circuits and systems, 49, pp. 1045-1061, 2002.
[3] Ron Mancini and Richard Palmer, ‘Sine-Wave Oscillator’, Texas Instruments application report, 2001, SLOA060, pp.
3-20.
[4] R. Senani , Amit Kumar, ‘Linearly tunable wien bridge oscillator with operational transconductance amplifier’,
Electronics lettres,25, pp. 19-21, 1989,.
[5] Yannis Tsividis , Mihai Banu, John Khoury, ‘Continuous-Time MOSFET-C Filters in VLSI’, IEEE Journal, 21,
pp.15-27, 1988

64 Sucheta Singh, Shubhra Aakanksha, Manisha R Singh, Dr. Mohit Sahni