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    Biology Project

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    SANJAY
    This biology project discusses rickets, a condition that causes soft or weak bones in children. It provides an introduction to rickets, discussing its history, signs and symptoms, causes, and methods of diagnosis. Specifically, it notes that rickets results from vitamin D deficiency and prevents proper bone mineralization. Diagnosis may involve blood tests checking calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels as well as x-rays showing abnormal bone growth and structure.

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    Biology Project

    Uploaded by

    SANJAY
    106 views8 pages
    This biology project discusses rickets, a condition that causes soft or weak bones in children. It provides an introduction to rickets, discussing its history, signs and symptoms, causes, and methods of diagnosis. Specifically, it notes that rickets results from vitamin D deficiency and prevents proper bone mineralization. Diagnosis may involve blood tests checking calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels as well as x-rays showing abnormal bone growth and structure.

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    Biology project

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    This biology project discusses rickets, a condition that causes soft or weak bones in children. It provides an introduction to rickets, discussing its history, signs and symptoms, causes, and methods of diagnosis. Specifically, it notes that rickets results from vitamin D deficiency and prevents proper bone mineralization. Diagnosis may involve blood tests checking calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels as well as x-rays showing abnormal bone growth and structure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    106 views8 pages

    Biology Project

    Uploaded by

    SANJAY
    This biology project discusses rickets, a condition that causes soft or weak bones in children. It provides an introduction to rickets, discussing its history, signs and symptoms, causes, and methods of diagnosis. Specifically, it notes that rickets results from vitamin D deficiency and prevents proper bone mineralization. Diagnosis may involve blood tests checking calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels as well as x-rays showing abnormal bone growth and structure.

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    Biology project

    Presented by – jayesh agrawal

    Class -11 c

    Roll no- 96
    Session 2019-2020
    Acknowledgements –I want to thank Dr sunil agrawal for
    giving his important time for this project I would also like to
    thank my biology
    Teacher to gave me this project so that I can learn something
    new
    introduction

    Rickets
    Rickets is a condition that results in
    weak or soft bones in
    children.[1] Symptoms include bowed
    legs, stunted growth, bone pain, large
    forehead, and trouble
    sleeping.[1][2] Complications may
    include bone fractures, muscle spasms,
    an abnormally curved spine,
    or intellectual disability
    History
    • Greek physician Soranus of Ephesus, one of the chief
    representatives of the Methodic school of medicine who practiced
    in Alexandria and subsequently in Rome, reported deformation of
    the bones in infants as early as the first and second centuries AD.
    Rickets was not defined as a specific medical condition until 1645,
    when an English physician Daniel Whistler gave the earliest known
    description of the disease. In 1650 a treatise on rickets was
    published by Francis Glisson, a physician at Caius College,
    Cambridge,[49] who said it had first appeared about 30 years
    previously in the counties of Dorset and Somerset.[50] In 1857,
    John Snow suggested rickets, then widespread in Britain, was being
    caused by the adulteration of bakers' bread with alum.[51] German
    pediatrician Kurt Huldschinsky successfully demonstrated in the
    winter of 1918–1919 how rickets could be treated with ultraviolet
    lamps. The role of diet in the development of rickets[52][53] was
    determined by Edward Mellanby between 1918–1920.[54]
    Signs and symptoms

    • Signs and symptoms of rickets can include bone tenderness,


    and a susceptibility for bone fractures particularly greenstick
    fractures.[9] Early skeletal deformities can arise in infants such
    as soft, thinned skull bones – a condition known
    as craniotabes,[10][11] which is the first sign of rickets; skull
    bossing may be present and a delayed closure of
    the fontanelles.
    • Young children may have bowed legs and thickened ankles and
    wrists;[12] older children may have knock knees.[9] Spinal
    curvatures of kyphoscoliosis or lumbar lordosis may be
    present. The pelvic bones may be deformed. A condition
    known as rachitic rosary can result as the thickening caused by
    nodules forming on the costochondral joints. This appears as a
    visible bump in the middle of each rib in a line on each side of
    the body. This somewhat resembles a rosary, giving rise to its
    name. The deformity of a pigeon chest[9] may result in the
    presence of Harrison's groove.
    Cause
    • deficiencies of vitamins may be the cause of
    overt bone disease from before birth and
    impairment of bone quality after birth.[15][16]
    The primary cause of congenital rickets is vitamin
    D deficiency in the mother's blood, which the
    baby shares.[16] Vitamin D ensures that serum
    phosphate and calcium levels are sufficient to
    facilitate the mineralization of bone.[17]
    Congenital rickets may also be caused by other
    maternal diseases, including severe osteomalacia,
    untreated celiac disease, malabsorption, pre-
    eclampsia, and premature birth
    Diagnosis
    • Rickets may be diagnosed with the help of:
    • Blood tests:[34]
    • Serum calcium may show low levels of calcium,
    serum phosphorus may be low, and serum alkaline
    phosphatase may be high from bones or changes
    in the shape or structure of the bones. This can
    show enlarged limbs and joints.
    • A bone density scan may be undertaken
    • Radiography typically show widening of the zones of
    provisional calcification of the metaphyses secondary
    to unmineralized osteoid. Cupping, fraying, and
    splaying of metaphyses typically appears with
    growth and continued weight bearing.

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