FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The practice of agriculture is also known as "farming", while scientists, inventors
and others devoted to improving farming methods and implements are also said to be eng-
aged in agriculture.

Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy as it provides direct

employment to about 69% of the working people. Being the largest source of employment
and income to millions of people, it also provides a waste market for our industrial
products. The country has made a three-fold increase in food grain production from a
level of about 55 million tonnes in 1970-71 to 1930 kg/hectare in 2010-11 primarily on
the back of increasing penetration of irrigation facilities, hybrid seeds and farm
mechanization (Mandal et al., 2016). The growing shortage of agricultural labour and
rising wage rates are not the only reasons for the accelerated mechanization of farm
operations. Factors such as time saving, efficient input application, transportation of farm
inputs and produce, and reducing drudgery also stimulate demand for farm machines. The
development and mass production of multi-utility mechanized devices to suit the
requirements of farmers important for the growth of mechanization in India.
Mini power tiller is a prime mover in which direction of travel and its
control for field operation is performed by the operator walking behind it. It is also known
as hand or walking type tractor (BIS, 2002). Mini power tiller is walking tractor mostly
used for rotary cultivation in puddle soil and can be replace the animal power more
effectively and help in increasing demand for human labour. The small and marginal
farmers form major user for custom hiring of power tiller. Power tiller is preferred in
small land holding farmer for all farm operations like peddling and preparatory tillage.
The machine provides opportunities for self employment in rural areas. The power tiller is
a multipurpose hand tractor designed primarily for rotary tilling and other operations on
small farms. While in operations, an operator walks behind to manoeuvre it. It is also
known as a garden tractor, hand tractor, walking tractor or a two wheel tractor. Non
availability of matching equipment for different farm operations limits the versatility of
the power tillers. Implements initially offered with the power tillers included rotator
attachment, trailer and in some cases a plough and ridge. The initial introduction of power
tillers was without a complete range of matching equipment (Kathirvel et al., 2000). The
adoption of mini power tillers by the farmers for carrying out farming operations is low
when compared to tractors. The concept of mini power tiller came to the world in the year
1920. The first country to use mini power tiller on large scale was Japan. The first
successful model of mini power tiller was designed in the year 1947. During the year
1950 to 1965 the production of mini power tiller increased rapidly. Mini power tiller was
introduced in India during 1963. Mini power tiller is a walking type tractor. The operator
trails behind the mini power tiller, holding the two handles of tiller in his hands. Mini
power tiller is also called as a single axle walking type tractor, though a seat is provided
in some designs. Now-a-days some models of mini power tiller have an optional riding
facility. Mini power tillers have been especially designed and developed for use on small
or medium farms where four wheel tractors are not easily available. Although power tiller
is mainly used for seedbed preparation in low land paddy fields. Mini power tiller is also
used as a power source for other agricultural operations such as seed bed preparation,
sowing and fertilizer application. Tillers are also useful in intercultural in wide spaced
row crops (more than 1.0 m row to row spacing) and harvesting of cereal crops under

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 1

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

upland conditions including transportation of farm products and power source for
stationary farm operations. Lightweight tillers are being used very recently. The most of
the mini power tillers being manufactured in India is provided with a rear mounted
powered rotary unit for giving forward movement as well as tillage operation. Special
attention is necessary for maintaining such tillers. Mini power tillers occasionally termed
as walking tractors or are sometimes called by other names such as single axle tractor,
hand tractor, etc have been conceived as an equipment to prepare seedbeds with rotary
tillers and for transportation. They have limitations in their use for traction work due to
the low drawbar power per brake horsepower of the engine (Mandal and Maity, 2013).
The two-wheel tractor with different attachments can accomplish many kinds of farm
work like tillage, harvesting, planting and transportation. When a tillage implement is
attached to a two-wheel tractor, it is called mini power-tiller. Two wheel tractors are
categorized either as professional farm use tractors called agricultural tractors, or hobby-
use tractors called garden tractors. Small tractors are suitable to agricultural conditions
and farming requirements in most areas. As the small tractors have the advantage in size,
light-weight and good manoeuvrability. Small tractors are suitable to the level of
mechanical knowledge and management in rural areas. The structure of small tractors is
simple and this makes the operation, maintenance and repair easy (Ademiluyi et al.,
2008).

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 2

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
In order to carry out this work we have undergone extensive research of topic and
contribution of by various authors are as follows.

[1] D.A. Mada, Sunday Mahai, [2013] concluded that the importance of mechanization
in agricultural. The information from the paper was need of multifunctional vehicle for
pre-and post-harvesting. We have taken this as base for our research and further
production of our multifunctional agricultural vehicle.

[2] F.A. Adamu, B. G. Jahun and B. Babangida [2014]. In his paper authors draws our
attention towards the performance factor of a power tiller. Among those demand for light
weight power tiller was sought out most. Fuel efficiency and field capacity of such
parameters are also discussed. We take those points in consideration while designing a
sustainable multifunctional agricultural vehicle.

[3] Md. Aqib Naque, Akhtar Ali Rizvi [2013] this machine is developed to reduce the
time and effort required for production up to the great extent. Also, this machine
manufacturing cost is less as compared to other, by selecting above topic we are
understand, familiar and know the details of agricultural technology, with the help of this
machine we are trying to reduce labour cost, time of a middle class and small sector
farmers.

[4] Kshirsagar Prashant, Kuldip Ghotane [2016]

In this paper research it will of small scale farm. By employing this in real will help in
faster rate of bowing, fertilizer spreading and grass erupting.

[5] Biswas H S, [1990] Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. 283p. In this
research paper, we got the method for selection of tool depends on moisture contents in
soil.

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 3

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

CHAPTER 3
3.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION
After going through literature survey it is a known fact After going through literature
survey it’s a known fact that there are machines which can do the same kind of
operations individually, but not multiple operations in a single machine and also existing
machine are high in cost.
So, for small farmers these existing machines are not affordable. Hence
in this project the idea is to fabricated single machine at low cost which can do multiple
operations.

3.2 OBJECTIVES
The followings are the objectives of this project.
 To produce a machine which can do multiple operations in single machine.
 To reduce labor’s cost and time.
 To fabricate a compact and highly efficient machine.

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 4

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 4
4.1 METHODOLOGY
In this model, engine is placed at top of model and with the help of engine belt of
pulley going to rotated and with help belt chain is rotated. The wheel shaft is rotated with
the help chain and wheel base with blades are going to start its rolling motion, due to
tractive effort, plough is moving forward in linear direction. For support and changing the
direction of plough handle is placed. the fig 4.1 shows the mini power tiller.

Fig 4.1 :MINI POWER TILLER

4.2ENGINE

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 5

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

Fig 4.2:Engine
Specification
 Brand : kisankraft
 Product type : kerosene engine
 Category :brush cutter and accessories
 Model : KK-GE-100

Product Details
 KK-GE-100(ISI in process)
 Related Power : 0.7KW(1hp)
 Displacement : 98cc
 Engine Type : 4-Storke, Air cooled
 RPM : 3600
 Fuel used : Petrol Start And kerosene run
 Fuel tank, Capacity 100ml(Petrol) & 2L (kerosene)
 Oil : 350ml
 Fuel consummation : 588m/hr

4.3 Main Body

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 6

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

In the main body we have front frame size 9X11(inch) at 1.5inch thick ness of it.
In the side frame size 25X12(inch) of the given we have to welding the front frame, back
frame, left frame and right side are to be welding .the fig 4.3 shows the main body below

Fig 4.3 : Main body of mini power tiller

Beam – L Shape
Material – MS
Number of members – 14
Ground clearance – 180mm

4.4 Wheel
It is basically use for moving purpose which are move the over all body a head. Blades
are mounted on wheel for achieve traction effect. The fig 4.4 shows the wheel of mini
power tiller.

Diameter – 360mm
Width – 160mm
Material – MS
Number of blades – 8 on each wheel
Number of wheel – 2
Track width – 540mm

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 7

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

Decreases load on tiller

 Helps to improve traction performance
 Easy to fit
 Cage wheel with float is provided

Fig 4.4 : Wheel of mini power tiller

4.5 Bearing
It is part which is used to enable rotation or linear movement while reducing
friction and handling stress. . The fig 4.5 shows the bearing of mini power tiller.

Fig 4.5: bering

Bearing number – P204
Shaft size – ¾ inch
Bolt size – M10

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 8

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

Weight – 0.66 kg
4.6 Speed reduction unit
We are using three different stages to reduce speed to get maximum torques we required
for this machine, There are two units are as follows:

4.7 Belt Drive

It may be used as source of motion to transmit power efficiently track relative movement.
Belts are looped over pulley and may have twist between the pulleys, and the shafts need
not be parallel. . The fig 4.6 shows the belt drive of mini power tiller.

Fig 4.7 : Belt drive

Type – A, V-Belt
Big pulley – 300mm
Small pulley – 50mm

4.8 Chain Drive – It is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to
another. It used to convey power to the wheel of a vehicle particle. . The fig 4.7 shows the
chain drive of mini power tiller.
DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 9
 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

Fig 4.7 : Chain drive

Type – Simplex, ISO12A-1

Small sprocket – 14 teethes
Big sprocket – 39 teethes

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 10

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

4.9 POWER TRANSMISSION IN A MINI POWER CULTIVATOR

For operation of mini power tiller, the power is obtained from the Engine, fitted on the
mini power tiller. The engine power goes to the main clutch with the help of belt or chain.
From main clutch, the power is divided in two routes, one goes to transmission gears,
steering clutch and then to the wheel. The other component goes to the tilling clutch and
then to the tilling attachment. The flow diagram for transmission of power is given below:

Engine

Main clutch

Transmission gear Tilling clutch

Steering clutch Tilling attachment

Wheels

V-belt is usually used to transmit power from the engine to the main clutch, because V-
belt has very high efficiency and it works as a shock absorber also. The mini power tiller
remains an essential mode of power for farming operations, especially in land
preparations. The machine saves time and improves the land productivity. Wetland tillage
in rice land cultivation is the main operation for which this machine is employed.

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 11

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

4.10 CALCULATION

Engine speed (N1) = 3600 rpm, Engine power (P) = 3.355 kw

(4.5 HP)
Diameter of small pulley (D1) = 50mm
Diameter of big pulley (D2) = 300mm
Number of teeth on small sprocket (T1) = 14
Number of teeth on big sprocket (T2) = 39
1ST STAGE
N1/N2 =D2/D1
3600/N2 =300/50
N2=600rpm
POWER
P2 =2ΠN2/60 KW
P2 = 2π*600/60
P2 =62.84KW

2nd stage
N2/N3 =D2/D1
600/N3 =600/50
N3 = 1000rpm
POWER
P3 =2ΠN3/60 KW
P3 = 2π*1000/60
P3 = 10.47KW
3rd stage
N3/N4 = D2/D1
100/N4 =300/50
N4 =16.66rpm
POWER
P4 = 2ΠN4/60 KW
P4 = 2π*16.66/60
P4 =1.74KW
Final speed = 16.66 rpm

Final Power = 1.74KW

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 12

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

4.11 ATTACHMENTS ON A MINI POWER TLLEIR

Several attachments are made on a mini power tiller because this machine provides
enormous amount of power at a low cost. The attachments made on a mini power tiller
and their operations are given below

4.11a Plough :

 Suitable for ploughing virgin land which is not tilled for long period.
 Tills the soil which has deep roots, unwanted plants, shrubs and weeds.
 Best for land preparation

Fig 4.7 : Plough

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 13

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

4.11b Cultivator:
Five type cultivator fitment is commonly used as a secondary tillage equipment mostly
in dry land for loosening the soil, removal of crop roots, weeds and for inter cultivation
in orchards etc. A little moisture in the field increases the tilling efficiency.

Features
 High strength & rigidity
 Tough in construction
 Depth control adjustment screw

Fig 4.8 : Cultivator

Field Coverage / Day 2.5 to 3 acres

Average Fuel Consumption 1.25 to 1.5 ltrs / hr
Depth of cut 100 to 150 mm (4 - 6 inches)
Width of cut 600 mm (24 inches)

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 14

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

4.11c Leveler: To level the soil.

Fig 4.9 : Leveler

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 15

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

4.11d Rotavator:
 Mini power tiller fitted with a shorter rotary and extended lugged wheel is used
for inter cultivation operation for deseeding and loosening the soil in Sugar cane
fields.
 A smaller furrower specially designed for Sugar cane field, can be used for bund
formation which also helps in irrigation.
 After Sugar cane harvesting, shorter rotary can be used for removing stubbles.
 The stubble is pulverised and is mixed with the soil thereby forming organic
manure.

Fig 4.10 : Rotavator

Technical specification:

Field Coverage / Day 1.5 to 2 acres

Short Rotary Width 340 mm (13 inches)

Attachment:

1. Smaller furrower 1 No.

2. Extended lugged wheel 1 Pair

No. of tynes 10 Nos.

Average Fuel Consumption 1.5 to 2 ltrs / hr

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 16

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

4.11e Seed sowing:

This is an exclusive attachment fitted to the tiller after removing rotary assembly.

 It is used for sowing seeds and spreading of fertilizer in a row.

 It consists of separate boxes for seed and fertilizer, a shoe type furrower and a

 spliced ground wheel.

 It is suitable for sowing seed of Wheat, Soya Bean, Bengal Gram etc.,

Fig 4.11 : Seed sowing

Technical specification:

Field Coverage / Day 1.25 to 2.25 acres

Average Fuel Consumption 1.25 ltrs / hr

Working Width 660 - 900 mm

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 17

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

CHAPTER 5

5.1 POSSIBLE OUTCOMES

The following are the outcomes of this project.
 Multiple operations can be done in a single machine.
 It can reduce cost of farmers.
 It can saves the time of farmers.
 Efficient work can be done.

5.2 ESTIMATED COST

the following table show the estimated cost of materials.
Table 5.1

Sl No Materials Cost (Rs/-)

1. Mild steel 2500
2. Sheet metal 500
3. Engine 8000
4. Frame work 2000
5. V-belt 300
6. Bearing set 650
7. Rotavator blades 800
8. Miscellaneous 1500

Total 16250

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 18

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

5.3 CONCLUSION

 Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy as it provides direct employment

to about 69% of the working people. Being the largest source of employment and
income to millions of people, it also provides a waste market for our industrial
products.
 With a compact in design a multiple functional machine at a low cost machine
will be fabricated. the machine can be helpful for farmer.
 Mini power tiller is walking tractor mostly used for rotary cultivation in puddle
soil and can be replace the animal power more effectively and help in increasing
demand for human labour.

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 19

 FABRICATION MINI POWER TILLER MACHINE

REFERENCE
1] D.A. Mada, Sunday Mahai, “The Role of Agricultural Mechanization in the Economic
Development for Small Scale Farms in Adamawa State”, The International Journal of
Engineering and Science (IJES) ||Volume|| 2 ||Issue|| 11 ||Pages|| 91-96 || 2013 || ISSN (e):
2319 2319 – 1805

2] F.A. Adamu, B. G. Jahun and B. Babangida “Performance Evaluation of Power Tiller

in Bauchi State Nigeria Agriculture and Healthcare 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225 Vol.4,
No.9, 2014.

3] G. C. Kiss and D. G. Bellow AN ANALYSIS OF FORCES ON CULTIVATOR

SWEEPS AND SPIKES Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Aha. T6G 2GS Received 11 August 1981

4]Md. AqibNaque, Akhtar Ali Rizvi, Amogh v. Tijare, Prof. A. B. Tupkar Design,
Development and Fabrication of Soil Tiller and Weeder Mechanical Engg. Dept. P. C. E.
Nagpur, Maharashtra, India (IJIET) Vol. 2 Issue 2 April 2013

5] Kshirsagar Prashant R, Kuldip Ghotane, Pritesh Kadam, Omka R Arekar, Ketan

Insulkar Assistant Professor, Final Year Students, Modeling and Analysis of
Multifunctional Agricultural Vehicle, Department of Mechanical Engineering, RMCET,
Ambav (Devrukh), Ratnagiri Maharashtra, India. International Journal of Research in
Advent Technology, Vol.4, No.1, January 2016 E-ISSN: 2321-9637 www.ijrat.org

DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AGMRCET, VARUR. 20