Gearbox, Mechanical, Function Description
Gearbox, Mechanical, Function Description
Gearbox, Mechanical, Function Description
03 04/04/2019
Chassis ID Path
A 833957 43/Description, Design and function//Gearbox, mechanical, function description
Model Identity
FM (4) 138610389
Driver interface
Gear selector, gear lever unit GSS-AGS
Gear selector, shift buttons GSS-4BS
Auxiliary brake lever – brake mode
PTO
Gear selection
Gear selection in automatic mode
Gear selection in manual mode
Start gear selection
Gear selection in special driving condition and Limp home
Gear shifting
General
Components involved
Parameters
Related information
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.07.03 04/04/2019
Interface to gearbox
Note
Placement of components may vary between vehicle variants. For more information, see
wiring diagram.
Inside cab
On chassis
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.07.03 04/04/2019
7 Clutch cylinder
Driver interface
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.07.03 04/04/2019
The centre display in the instrument panel shows the following driving modes:
2 Active gear
E Economy
P Performance
B Brake program
HD Heavy duty
L Limp home
Ê Dynamometer mode
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.07.03 04/04/2019
5 E/P-button.
E = Economy mode.
P = Performance mode.
If HD-mode (Heavy Duty) is installed, this mode is reached by pushing the button for at least
three seconds. Once in HD mode, a short press is enough to go back to E.
6 L-button (Limp-home).
Note
Limp-home is activated by pressing the Limp-home switch at the same time as moving the
gear lever from N to M. Limp-home is active until the next engine start.
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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1 R = Reverse.
2 N = Neutral.
4 HOLD = Hold the present gear. Lock the gear to prevent gear up and gear down.
Note
There is no manual gear selection mode. Gear changing is fully automatic, but if required the
driver can adjust the start gear manually with the gear step button (+/-).
Note
The neutral gear (N) is automatically pre-selected when starting the vehicle.
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A: Automatic mode (Depending on configuration E+ will show in display and Free wheel (I-Roll) is
possible)
0: Auxiliary brake not applied
1–3: Manual mode with predefined levels for auxiliary brake
B: Activating the brake program. TECU selects the best gear for maximum deceleration
When in brake mode, the position of the auxiliary brake lever and the activation/deactivation of the
brake program control the gear selection occurrence.
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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After engaging the PTO, the vehicle speed can be increased to above 10 km/h but it is still not
possible to change gear.
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Take-Off operation can also be customised to fit the customer's needs by setting parameters.
The software packages and parameters can easily be installed and changed by authorised dealers
and workshops using Volvo Tech Tool.
Software packages
Gearbox (I-Shift) basic The standard software package supplied with the gearbox
TP-BAS
software package (I-Shift). Includes the basic functions for all round driving.
Launch control – S S S S
Optional function
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.07.03 04/04/2019
● Reverse Inhibit
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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Launch Control
Full functionality with Launch Control requires EBS.
Launch Control entails:
● Idle speed driving
● Faster change of direction between forward and reverse, using the EBS system
Low speed manoeuvring makes it possible to drive the vehicle forward with the idle control.
AMSO-AUT allows vehicle speed adjustment by changing gear using the +/- switch on the gear lever,
for instance when driving in traffic queues.
The Smart Hill Start Aid function is only activated on inclines and uses EBS to hold the vehicle until it
pulls away.
● ASO-ULC (Ultra Low Crawler) with two Crawler gears (C1 and C2)
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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The Crawler gears are used, both in automatic and manual mode, for good pulling away capability
and low speed manoeuvrability. As crawler gears extend the total gear ratio, it is possible to use a
fast rear axle for good fuel economy and retain good pulling away capability with heavy loads. The
input shaft on ASO-C and ASO-ULC in the direct drive gearboxes is the same. Therefore upgrading
from ASO-C to ASO-ULC is possible with a software update using Tech Tool. The overdrive
gearboxes cannot be upgraded using a software update because a different gearwheel and input
shaft set is needed. For more information, see the input shaft section in chapter "Shaft, gear wheels
and engaging sleeves" in the Gearbox, mechanical component description.
Gear selection
Gear selection in automatic mode
TECU calculates which gear to engage on the basis of the below criteria:
● speed of gearbox shafts and gears
● clutch status
● engine speed
● engine torque
● vehicle speed
● vehicle weight
● vehicle inclination
● driver settings
The TECU may omit one or several gears during both up- and downshifting. The driver can manually
prevent an up shift by pressing the gear step (-) or hold button, and a down shift by pressing the gear
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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step (+) or hold button. The most appropriate starting gear is always selected when entering
automatic mode (A).
Note
The TECU determines the available gears and shows them with up (^) or down (v) arrows in
the instrument panel. The gears are changed using gear step button (+/-).
Note
The vehicle must be stationary to change between the low and high range reverse gears.
● Road inclination
● Engine rating
● Driving mode
● When the air suspension is set in manual mode for height adjustment.
It is also possible to manually change the start gear, up to 2 steps higher than the automatically
selected gear, when in automatic mode. The start gears that can be selected are one of the crawler
gears or one of the gears 1–6.
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The start gear can be a crawler gear or one of the gears 1–6.
The available start gears may be limited by the load and other physical conditions. In this situation the
driver can select a start gear:
● up to 2 steps higher than the gear the TECU would have selected in automatic mode
● any step lower than the gear the TECU would have selected in automatic mode.
Trailer disconnection/connection
After a trailer has been disconnected (electrically) from the tractor, the lowest start gear is engaged
until the truck has been driven forward a few metres in order to provide precise manoeuvring.
When the air suspension is set in manual mode for height adjustment, such as for marshalling, start
gear 1 is selected automatically to provide a slow and smooth start.
Overheated clutch
The TECU calculates the energy, in the form of heat, that is generated during clutch engagement and
disengagement. If the clutch overheats, a warning to protect the clutch is shown in the control panel.
If the accelerator pedal is pressed or other systems request pulling away, the clutch is engaged
smoothly but quickly, even if this causes the engine to stall.
If the clutch overheats when a crawler gear is engaged, the clutch disengages in order not to
overload the propeller shaft.
Limp home
If a major fault occurs in the gearbox, Limp home mode can be activated, allowing the truck to be
driven but with very limited functionality.
In Limp home mode only gears 1, 3 and 5 forward and 1 reverse are used. It is only possible to
change gear when the truck is stationary.
The Limp home mode is deactivated when the ignition is switched off.
Gear shifting
General
When shifting gear, the TECU controls the speed and torque of the engine. Details available in
TechTool test 43194.
The gear shifting sequence started by the TECU is:
● “Engine Torque Mode” signal is changed to value = 6.
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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● Clutch is disengaged.
● Engine and the gearbox speeds are controlled. At this point the VCB (Volvo Compression Brake)
may be used momentarily to reduce the engine speed, and the countershaft brake may be used
to reduce the gearbox speed, in order to facilitate rapid gear shifting.
● When the engine speed is almost the same as the input shaft speed the clutch starts to engage.
Components involved
EBR-EPGC
Exhaust pressure governor with VCB
EBR-VEB
Volvo Engine Brake = EPG + VCB
EBR-VEB+
Volvo Engine Brake = EPG + VCB plus
VCB
Volvo Compression Brake
Countershaft brake
Parameters
Parameters
Customer parameters in the gearbox control unit:
Note
The default value can vary depending on the program package selected.
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Number of reverse
1-4 / RC,
P1ARH gears without MSR / Setting the numbers of reverse gears available.
R1-5
with MSR
Gear 12 splitbox Sets the maximum engine torque that can be used
P1KCL See VBI
torque limit in gear 12 splitbox.
Highest start gear in The start gear in manual mode is set equal to or
P1LCL 1-6
manual mode below this value.
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.07.03 04/04/2019
Highest start gear in The start gear in automatic mode is set equal to or
P1LCM 1-6
automatic mode below this value.
Related information
Component description
➠ Clutch, component description
➠ Gearbox, mechanical, component description
➠ Hydraulic retarder, component description
➠ APM, component description
Function description
➠ Predictive cruise control, function description
System descriptions
➠ Vehicle electronics overview, system description
➠ Air supply, system description
➠ Electronic brake system (EBS), system description
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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