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The document discusses different types of pointers in C language used in Turbo C under DOS. [1] Near pointers can only access the first 64KB of memory and have a size of two bytes. [2] Far pointers can access beyond 64KB of memory. [3] Huge pointers are used to access memory beyond 1MB. Examples of using near pointers and their cyclic addressing properties are provided.

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92 views

Near Pointer in C Programming - 10.html

The document discusses different types of pointers in C language used in Turbo C under DOS. [1] Near pointers can only access the first 64KB of memory and have a size of two bytes. [2] Far pointers can access beyond 64KB of memory. [3] Huge pointers are used to access memory beyond 1MB. Examples of using near pointers and their cyclic addressing properties are provided.

Uploaded by

akhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POINTERS IN C LANGUAGE

Pointers on c tutorials, Pointers in c programming for beginner or freshers


and experienced Learn near, far and huge pointers tutorial, misuse of
pointer, pointers to functions, arrays, structures in c programming, pointers
objective types questions and answers with explanation pdf Pointers
program examples

Near pointer in C programming

In TURBO C there are three types of pointers.

TURBO C works under DOS operating system which

is based on 8085 microprocessor.

1. Near pointer

2. Far pointer

3. Huge pointer

Near pointer:

The pointer which can points only 64KB data

segment or segment number 8 is known as near

pointer.
(If you don’t know what is data segment the

click here)

That is near pointer cannot access beyond the

data segment like graphics video memory, text

video memory etc. Size of near pointer is two

byte. With help keyword near, we can make any

pointer as near pointer.

Examples:

(1)

#include<stdio.h>

int main(){
int x=25;

int near* ptr;

ptr=&x;

printf(“%d”,sizeof ptr);

return 0;
}

Output: 2

(2)

#include<stdio.h>

int main(){

int near* near * ptr;

printf(“%d”,sizeof(ptr),sizeof(*ptr));

return 0;
}
Output: 2 2

Explanation: Size of any type of near pointer

is two byte.

Near pointer only hold 16 bit offset address.

Offset address varies from 0000 to FFFF (in

hexadecimal).

Note: In printf statement to print the offset

address in hexadecimal, %p is used.

Example:

#include<stdio.h>

int main(){

int i=10;

int *ptr=&i;

printf("%p",ptr);

return 0;
}

Output: Offset address in hexadecimal number

format.

%p is also used to print any number in

hexadecimal number format.

Example:

#include<stdio.h>

int main(){

int a=12;

printf("%p",a);

return 0;
}

Output: 000C

Explanation: Hexadecimal value of 12 is C.

Consider the following two c program and


analyze its output:

(1)

#include<stdio.h>

int main(){

int near * ptr=( int *)0XFFFF;

ptr++;

ptr++;

printf(“%p”,ptr);

return 0;
}

Output: 0003

(2)

#include<stdio.h>
int main(){

int i;

char near *ptr=(char *)0xFFFA;

for(i=0;i<=10;i++){

printf("%p \n",ptr);

ptr++;

return 0;
}

Output:

FFFA

FFFB

FFFC

FFFD

FFFE

FFFF

0000

0001

0002
0003

0004

Explanation: When we increment or decrement

the offset address from maximum and minimum

value respectively then it repeats the same

value in cyclic order. This property is known

as cyclic nature of offset address.

Cyclic property of offset address.

If you increment the near pointer variable

then move clockwise direction. If you

decrement the near pointer then move anti

clockwise direction.

What is default type of pointer in C?


Answer: It depends upon memory model.

What is memory model in C?

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