Read the text and choose the best answer, also write the sentences

Named for the Roman goddess of dawn, the aurora is a mysterious and unpredictable display of
light in the night sky. The aurora borealis and aurora australis-the northern lights and southern
lights-are common occurrences at high northern and southern latitudes.
The typical aurora is caused by collisions between fast-moving electrons from space with
the oxygen and nitrogen in Earth’s upper atmosphere. The electrons-which come from the
Earth’s magnetosphere, the region of space controlled by Earth’s magnetic filed-transfer their
energy to the oxygen and nitrogen atoms and molecules, making them “excited”. As the gases
return to their normal state, they emit photons, small bursts of energy in the form of light. When
a large number of electrons come from the magnetosphere to bombard the atmosphere, the
oxygen and nitrogen can emit enough light for the eye to detect, giving us beautiful aurora
displays. This ghostly light originates at altitudes of 100 to more than 400 km.
The colour of the aurora depends on which gas-oxygen or nitrogen-is being excited by
the electrons, and on how excited it becomes. The colour also depends upon how fast the
electrons are moving, or how much energy the have at the time of their collisions. High energy
electrons cause oxygen to emit green light (the most familiar colour of the aurora), while low
energy electrons cause red light. Nitrogen generally gives off blue light. The blending of these
colours can also lead to purples, pinks, and whites. The oxygen and nitrogen also emit ultraviolet
light, which can be detected by special cameras on satellites.
The different shapes of auroras are a mystery that scientist are still trying to unravel. The
shape seems to depend on where in the magnetospehere the electrons originate, what cause them
to gain their energy, and why they dive into the atmospehere.

1. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

A. How fast-moving electrons from space collide with the oxygen and nitrogen in
Earth’s upper atmosphere, resulting in the aurora.
B. How the aurora causes electrons from space to collide with the oxygen and
nitrogen in Earth’s upper atmosphere.
C. How the aurora affects fast-moving electrons from space with the oxygen and
nitrogen in Earth’s upper atmosphere.
D. How auroras make people who see them feel excited.
E. The altitudes at which the aurora occurs.

2. What affect the colours of the aurora?

A. Gas
B. Electrons and gas
C. Nitrogen and oxygen
D. Oxygen and electrons
 E. Electrons, nitrogen, and oxygen
3. What is the topic of the text ?
A. The history of aurora
B. The way to see the aurora
C. The formation of the aurora
D. The history of Roman goddess of dawn
E. The difference between aurora borealis and aurora austrialis

4.What is true according to the text ?

A. The aurora appears in the region of space controlled by Earth’s magnetic field.
B. The aurora was named after the roman goddess of dawn
C. Low energy electrons causses oxygen to emit green light
D. The most familiar colour of the aurora is red
E. Nitrogen emit green light in the aurora

5. What can you infer from the last paragraph ?

A. The shape of the aurora depends on the origin of electrons in the magnetosphere
B. Scientist are still researching why auroras have different shape
C. The different shape of the aurora are what make it beautiful
D. Scientist don’t need to conduct more research on auroras
E. Scientist found three factors that shapes auroras

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic
waves. Earthquakes are recorded with a seismometer, also known as a seismograph. The moment
magnitude of an earthquake is conventionally reported, or the related and mostly obsolete
Richter magnitude, with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly imperceptible and
magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large areas. Intensity of shaking is measured on the
modified Mercalli scale.
At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by a shaking and sometimes
displacement of the ground. When a large earthquake epicenter is located offshore, the seabed
sometimes suffers sufficient displacement to cause a tsunami. The shaking in earthquakes can
also trigger landslides and occasionally volcanic activity.
In its most generic sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event—
whether a natural phenomenon or an event caused by humans—that generates seismic waves.
Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults, but also by volcanic activity,
landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear experiments.
An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called its focus or hypocenter. The term epicenter
means the point at ground level directly above this.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/)

6. What is the text about?

A. Hypocenter.
B. Earthquake.
C. Seismometer.
D. Seismograph.
E. Natural phenomenon

7. What does Paragraph 3 explain?

A. The place where earthquake occurs

B. The danger of earthquake
C. The cause of earthquake.
D. The effect of earthquake.
E. Man-made Earthquake

8. How does earthquake happen?

A. A sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust.

B. Damage occurs in the Earth’s crust
C. There are seismic waves.
D. There is earth’s crust.
E. There are volcanoes.

When winter arrives, some people get sad, even suicidal.

Doctors have studied the causes of a medical disorder which they have appropriately named
SAD, or seasonal affective disorder. People who suffer from SAD become very depressed during the
winter months. Their depression appears to be the result of a decrease in the amount of sunlight they
are exposed to. Doctors theorize that decreased sunlight affects the production of melatonin, a
hormone manufactured in the brain, and serotonin, a chemical that helps transmit nerve impulses.
Depression may result from the ensuing imbalance of these two substances in the body. Also, doctors
believe that a decrease in the amount of sunlight the body receives may cause a disturbance in the
body’s natural clock, which could, in turn, result in symptoms such as listlessness, oversleeping, weight
gain, anxiety, and irritabilityall symptoms of depression.

Since absence of light seems to be the cause of this disorder, a daily dose of light appears to be
the cure. Doctors advise patients to sit in front of a special light box which simulates natural light for a
few hours every day.

9. What is the text mainly about?

A. Sunlight affects
B. Seasonal affective disorder
C. Substances in human brain
D. Symptoms of body disturbance
E. The causes of a medical disorder
10. How can the lack of sunlight exposure affect depression?
 A. It lessens the production of melatonin and serotonin.

B. The chemical substance produced in the brain stops

C. People are in the state of listlessness.

D. It causes severe cold weather.

E. People gain weight.

11. “…a hormone manufactured in the brain, and serotonin, a chemical that helps transmit nerve
impulses.” (Paragraph 2)

The underlined word means ….

A. found
B. shown
C. existed
D. produced.
E. distributed
12. ‘ Since absence of light seems to be the cause of this disorder, …’

The underlined phrase refers to ….

A. gain
B. effect
C. anxiety
D. depression
E. disturbance

Seasons come to us regularly. We have probably noticed that it gets warmer in summer or dry
season while it gets colder in the winter or wet season. However do we know how these seasons
change?
Seasons happen and change every year. This happens because the earth tilts back and forth
as it goes around the sun. During the summer, the earth tilts toward the sun. It makes half of the
earth hotter. This condition is what we call summer. During the other half of the year, the earth
tilts away from the sun. As a result, it makes that half of the earth cooler. This cool condition is
then what we call winter.
The different parts of the world have the same season at different times. In the northern half
of the world , winter happens during the months of December, January and February. The
regions are such North America and Europe. In the other hand, the southern half of the world
have winter during the months of June, July and August.The regions are like South America and
Australia. How does this difference happen? The same season happens at different times because
the top and bottom halves of the earth tilt away from the sun at different times.

13. The text explains... .

A. how the seasons happen
B. kinds of seasons in the world
C. the change of weather in a country
D. the expected and unexpected seasons
E. the difference of seasons among other countries

14. Why do seasons always change?

A the earth tilts toward the sun
B. earth tilts away from the sun
C. the same season happens at different times
D. the earth tilts back and forth as it goes around the sun
E. the top and bottom halves of the earth tilt away from the sun at different times

15. The writer’s intention in writing the text is....

A. to report the season that happened in some countries
B. to explain how the seasons happen and change
C. to tell about the difference of seasons
D. to describe the seasons on the earth
E. to classify the seasons

In summer the amount of daylight that we get is more than we get in winter. This is not because as
some people think we are closer to the sun but because of the tilt of the Earth.

The Earth is actually closer to the sun in winter than it is in the summer but you would be forgiven for
thinking that this can not be true after looking out of your window on a cold and frosty morning. It
seems strange that as the earth gets closer to the Sun during its orbit then in the amount of daylight
that we get decreases. But that is the case. It is the tilt of the Earth that determine the amount of
daylight that we get and so the length of time that for us the sun is above the horizon.
16. The text mainly talks about...

A. the effect of the tilt of the Earth on daylight.

B. the distance between the Earth and sun.

C. the amount of daylight in winter.

D. summer and winter.

E. orbit of the Earth.

17. Why do we get more daylight in summer?

A. Because of the length of time

B. Because of the tilt of the Earth.

C. Because of the orbit of the Earth.

D. Because of the earth’s being closer to the sun.

E. Because of the horizon’s being below the sun.

18. The purpose of the text is...

A. to explain the reason of the different amount of daylight

B. to prove that the Earth is close to the sun.

C. to tell that winter is cooler than summer.

D. to show the process of daylight.

E. to describe summer.

The greenhouse effect is a warning of the air around us. It gets its name from the greenhouses
that people use to grow plants. These greenhouses let in heat from sunlight and trap it inside.
Earth’s atmosphere –the layer of air that surround our planet-also traps heat.
Greenhouse effect raises temperature at a planet’s surface. It is the result of heat energy
being trapped by gases in the atmosphere. Certain gases cause the atmosphere to act like the
glasses in greenhouse. As a result, the temperature of a planet’s surface may be higher than it
otherwise would be-on Earth about 330 C (590F) higher. The main gases that produce the
greenhouse effect on Earth are water vapour and carbon dioxide. Scientist suspect that increased
discharge of carbon dioxide from human activity (notably motor transport and industry) is
contributing to global warming.
19. The writer wrote the text to …the reader about the green house effect.
A. entertain
B. persuade
C. explain
D. please
E. amuse

20. What makes the temperature of planet’s surface rise?

A. Carbon
B. All gases
C. Green house.
D. Earth’s atmosphere
E. Heat energy being trapped

21. “ These green houses let in heat from sunlight and trap it inside “ ( Paragraph 1 ).

What does the underlined word mean ?

A. get
B. give
C. catch
D. obtain
E. spread

22. “ As a result, the temperature of a planet’s surface may be higher than it otherwise of …’
(paragragph 2 )

The word “it” refers to …

A. planet’s surface
B. the temperature
C. green house
D. a planet
E. earth
Thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm or a lightning storm, is a form of weather characterized
by the presence of lightning and its effect: thunder. It is usually accompanied by heavy rain and
sometimes snow, hail, or no precipitation at all. Thunderstorms may line up in a series, and strong or
severe thunderstorms may rotate.
 Warm air has a lower density than cool air, so warm air rises within cooler air, similar to hot air
balloons. Clouds form as warm air carrying moisture rises within cooler air. As the warm air rises, it
cools. The moist water vapor begins to condense. When the moisture condenses, this releases energy that
keeps the air warmer than its surroundings, so that it continues to rise. If enough instability is present in
the atmosphere, this process will continue long enough for cumulonimbus clouds to form, which support
lightning and thunder.
All thunderstorms, regardless of type, go through three stages: the cumulus stage, the mature stage,
and the dissipation stage. Depending on the conditions present in the atmosphere, these three stages can
take anywhere from 20 minutes to several hours to occur.
The first stage of a thunderstorm is the cumulus stage, or developing stage. In this stage, masses of
moisture are lifted upwards into the atmosphere. The trigger for this lift can be insolation heating the
ground producing thermals, areas where two winds converge forcing air upwards, or where winds blow
over terrain of increasing elevation. The moisture rapidly cools into liquid drops of water, which appears
as cumulus clouds. As the water vapor condenses into liquid, latent heat is released which warms the air,
causing it to become less dense than the surrounding dry air. The air tends to rise in an updraft through
the process of convection (hence the term convective precipitation). This creates a low-pressure zone
beneath the forming thunderstorm. In a typical thunderstorm, approximately 5×10 8 kg of water vapor are
lifted, and the amount of energy released when this condenses is about equal to the energy used by a city
(US-2002) of 100,000 during a month.

23. What does the text mainly explain?

A. Warm air.
B. Water vapor.
C. Thunderstorm.
D. The mature stage.
E. The cumulus stage.
24. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?

A. Thunderstorm has three stages.

B. Thunderstorm is also called a lightning storm.
C. Thunderstorm is usually along with heavy rain.
D. Cumulus clouds are basically liquid drops of water
E. Convection is the process of water vapor condensation.
25. “The moist water vapor begins to condense.” (Paragraph 2)

What does the underlined word mean?

A. Expand
B. Produce
C. Disappear
D. Evaporate.
E. Concentrate.
26. “This creates a low-pressure zone beneath the forming thunderstorm.” (Paragraph 4)

What does the underlined word refer to?

A. The air
B. Dry air
 C. Warm air
D. Thunderstorm
E. Convection process

Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away.
Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be
recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products.

In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using
new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution
alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process.

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper.
The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are
collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil. The paper goes to a
processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much
like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp
then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and fl oats to the surface. The ink
is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new
wood fibers to be made into paper again.

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of
paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper
saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).

27. The following things can be recycled, EXCEPT….

A. Precious metals

B. Broken glass

C. Old newspapers

D. Plastic spoons

E. Fresh vegetables and fruits

28. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of recycling?

A. It costs much money for the process of recycling

B. It costs less to make new products

C. It requires less energy

D. It can reduce pollution

E. It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternatives

29. What is the third step of recycling paper products?

A. Collect and search for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil

B. Mix the paper with hot water in a blender which turns it into pulp

C. Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller contaminants

D. Put the pulp to a large vat to separate the ink from the paper fibres

E. Mix the pulp with new wood fibres to be made into paper again

30. We can make use of the ink after being separated from the paper fibres by doing the followings,
EXCEPT….

A. Skim it off

B. Dry it

C. Reuse as ink

D. Burn as boiler fuel

E. Mix it with the pulp

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and replace
the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried
in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by
the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive
juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the
food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters
the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the
food onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch
projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

31. What is the text about?

A. The digestive system

B. The digestive juice

C. The method of the digestive system

D. The process of intestine work

E. The food substances

32. How can we swallow the food easily?

A. The food changes into acids absorbed by the villi.

B. because of saliva

C. The food is directly swallowed through esophagus into the stomach.

D. The food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach.

E. The food we take must be changed into substances carried in the blood to the places.

33. From the text above, we imply that ….

A. a good process of digestive system will help our body becoming healthier.

B. no one concerned with the process of digestive system for their health.

C. the digestive system is needed if we are eating the food instantly.

D. every body must conduct the processes of digestive system well.

E. the better we digest the food we eat, the healthier we will be.

34. “Human body is made up of countless millions of cells.” (Paragraph 1) The phrase “made up” means
….

A. produced

B. managed

C. arranged

D. completed

E. constructed
Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of
chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating.

Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in
places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a
small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoa beans.

The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker.
The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different
places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive
mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from
its shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called
chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not
different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid. It’s pure bitter
chocolate.

35. The text is about …

A. the cacao tree

B. the cacao beans

C. the raw chocolate

D. the making of chocolate

E. the flavour of chocolate

36. The third paragraph focuses on …

A. the process of producing chocolate

B. how to produce the cocoa flavour

C. where chocolate comes from

D. the chocolate liquor

E. the cacao fruit

37. ” …, so they are often sorted and blended to produce …” (Paragraph 3.) The word “sorted “is close in
meaning to …

A. arranged

B. combined

C. separated
D. distributed

E. organized

38. How does the chocolate maker start to make chocolate?

A. By fermenting the beans.

B. By roasting the beans

C. By blending the beans.

D. By sorting the beans.

E. By drying the beans

Teks Explanation 4

What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a food-making process that occurs in green plants. It is the
chief function of leaves. The word photosynthesis means putting together with light. Green plants use
energy from light to combine carbon dioxide and water to make sugar and other chemical compounds.

How is the light used in photosynthesis?

The light used in photosynthesis is absorbed by a green pigment called chlorophyll. Each food-making
cell in a plant leaf contains chlorophyll in small bodies called chloroplasts. In chloroplast, light energy
causes water drawn form the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.

What are the steps of photosynthesis process? Let me tell you the process of photosynthesis, in a series
of complicated steps, the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air, forming a simple sugar.
Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process. From sugar together with nitrogen,
sulphur, and phosporus from the soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other
complex compounds essential for life. Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to
produced these compounds.

39. What step after the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air …

A. Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produced these compounds.

B. Water drawn form the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.

C. Food-making process that occurs in green plants.

D. Phosporus from the soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex
compounds essential for life.
E. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process.

40. Photosynthesis is a food-making process that occurs in green plants

The underlined word means

A. Make
B. Have
C. Happen
D. Produce
E. combine