FULL ANALYSIS DRAMA ROMEO AND JULIET

Mrs. Rosi Novayani Siregar .SE, MPd

GROUP 4:

1. Isnaeni Kholifah (201812500560)

2. Sofi Nurmaidah (201812500562)
3. Karima Silvy Abdiati (201812500568)
4. Afifah Indriani (201812500609)
5. Fitria Nur Hasanah (201812500783)

PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS

FAKULTAS BAHASA DAN SENI

UNIVERSITAS INDRAPRASTA PGRI

2019
 Analyzing Romeo and Juliet

A. Type of Drama
Romeo and Juliet drama is a tragedy drama. Because the ending of this drama
is sadness where the major character was passed away.

B. Describing The World of Shakespear’s Romeo and Juliet

1. Setting
There are a number of settings in Romeo and Juliet. The main action takes
place in Verona, a city in Northern Italy, sometime during the 1300s or the 1400s.
In terms of description, Shakespeare does not go into detail. Instead, he uses terms
like a "street" or a "room."
Another city in the play is Mantua, also in Northern Italy. This is
where Romeo goes when he is banished and, once again, Shakespeare refers only
to a "street."
You’ll notice that many of the scenes featuring the Capulet family take place
in their home. Juliet, for example, is generally featured in her chamber or the
orchard.

2. Theme
 Forcefulness of Love
Romeo and Juliet does not make specific moral statement about relationships
between love and society, religion and family; rather it portrays the chaos and
passion of being love, combining images of love, violence, death, religion and
family in an impressionistic rush leading to the play's tragic conclusion.
 Love as a Cause of Violence
This theme continues until its inevitable conclusion: double suicide. This
tragic choice is the highest, most potent expression of love that Romeo and Juliet
can make. It is only through death that they can preserve their love, and their love
is so profound that they are willing to end their lives in its defense. In the play,
love emerges as an amoral thing, leading as much to destruction as to happiness.
But in its extreme passion, the love that Romeo and Juliet experience also appears
so exquisitely beautiful that few would want, or be able, to resist its power.
  The Individual Versus Society
The maintenance of masculine honor forces Romeo to commit actions he would
prefer to avoid. But the social emphasis placed on masculine honor is so profound
that Romeo cannot simply ignore them. And Romeo cannot cease being a
Montague simply because he wants to; the rest of the world will not let him.
 Inevitability of Fate
the tragic timing of Romeo's suicide and Juliet's awakening. These events are not
mere coincidences, but rather manifestations of fate that help bring about the
unavoidable outcome of the young  lovers' deaths.

3. Plot
An age-old vendetta between two powerful families erupts into bloodshed. A
group of masked Montagues risk further conflict by gatecrashing a Capulet party.
A young lovesick Romeo Montague falls instantly in love with Juliet Capulet,
who is due to marry her father’s choice, the County Paris. With the help of Juliet’s
nurse, the women arrange for the couple to marry the next day, but Romeo’s
attempt to halt a street fight leads to the death of Juliet’s own cousin, Tybalt, for
which Romeo is banished. In a desperate attempt to be reunited with Romeo,
Juliet follows the Friar’s plot and fakes her own death. The message fails to reach
Romeo, and believing Juliet dead, he takes his life in her tomb. Juliet wakes to
find Romeo’s corpse beside her and kills herself. The grieving family agree to end
their feud.

4. Source
Shakespeare's primary source for Romeo and Juliet was a poem by Arthur
Brooke called The Tragicall Historye of Romeus and Iuliet, written in 1562. He
also could have known the popular tale of Romeo and Juliet from a collection by
William Painter, entitled The Palace of Pleasure, which was written sometime
before 1580. Shakespeare also likely read the three sources on which Brooke's
poem and Painter's story were based -- namely, Giulietta e Romeo, a novella by
the Italian author Matteo Bandello, written in 1554; a story in a collection
called Il Novellio, by the widely-popular fifteenth-century writer Masuccio
Salernitano; and the Historia Novellamente Ritrovata di Due Nobili Amanti or A
 Story Newly Found of two Noble Lovers, written by Luigi Da Porto and published
in 1530.
5. Style
Shakespeare’s writing style in Romeo and Juliet is passionate, poetic and epic.
We can see this from the very beginning of the play – the Prologue. The Prologue
serves as an antithesis by predicting and telling the audience what is going to
happen in the play, following the structure of a typical Greek tragedy.
Moreover, his language, from the start, seems grandiose. Notice his use of phrases
such as “ancient grudge,” “civil blood,” and “star-crossed lovers,” that continues
throughout the play, and also parallels the “epic” nature of the plot. 
This is also emphasized by the passionate exchanges that are represented by
Romeo and Juliet’s romantic moments, Mercutio’s repetition of “A plague a’both
your houses!” and “Ah, what an unkind hour.” This is also important to the play in
order to reflect the serious and tragic nature of the plot. 

6. The outstanding feature of the play's

The outstanding feature of the play’s Romeo and Juliet are : the beautiful
Juliet ,the poison that made Romeo pass away , the balcony scene when Juliet tell
she loves Romeo .

C. Structure of Drama
1. The Introduction
Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona where we lay our scene,
From acnient grudge break to new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands
unclean, From forth the fatal loins of these two foes, A pair of star-crossed lovers
take their life. The fearful passage of their death marked love and continuance of
their parents' rage which led to their children's deaths.

2. The rising action

The balcony scene, in the dancing party at Capulet’s House it made them want
to be together even more now. When the marriage happened. And when Tybalt
sends Romeo a duel.

3. The turning point or climax of the play

 Romeo kills Tybalt. And Romeo is banished from his city.

4. The catastrophe
When Juliet hears of Romeo's banishment she is in a state of despair. Juliet is
told she must marry Paris. She takes the potion from Friar Lawrence.

5. The Ending
When they knew of the couple's death, the Montagues and Capulets
reconciled, letting go of their grudges.

D. Character
1. Terminlogy of Character
Characters is a verbal representation of human being as presented to us by
authors through the depiction of actions, conversation, description, reactions,
inner thoughts and reflections.
Romeo Juliet Tybalt
 Labil  Beautiful  Emotional
 Brave  Gentle  Rude
 Careful  Obedient  Vindictive
 Gentle  Coward  Instigator
 Intelligent  Loyal  Trouble maker
 Workmanlike  Careless  Young
 handsome  Kind-hearted
 Sincere
Capulet Lady Capulet Paris
 Middle-aged  Wife of Capulet  Rich
 Wise  Cynical  Mature
 Quick-tempered  Arrogant  Well mannered
 Vindictive  Forced  Attractive
 Arrogant  Bitchy  Patient
 Impetuous  Cold
Friar Lawrance Mercutio The Nurse
 Kind  Brave  Long winded
 Civic-minded  Kind  Kind
 Careless  Bitting satire
  Intelligent  Brooding fevor
 Support romeo and  Supporting romeo
Juliet to married
Montague Lady Montague Benvolio
 Romeo's father  Mrs. Romeo  Cousin Romeo
 Merciful  Kind-hearted  Peace maker
 Wise  Love peace  The brave
 Willing to sacrifice
 Young
 High spirit

2. Character in Action
Juliet Capulet's daughter. She is presented as a young and innocent
adolescent, not yet 14 years old. Her youthfulness is stressed throughout the play
to illustrate her progression from adolescence to maturity and to emphasize her
position as a tragic heroine. Juliet's love for Romeo gives her the strength and
courage to defy her parents and face death twice.

Romeo Montague's son, who is loved and respected in Verona. He is initially

presented as a comic lover, with his inflated declarations of love for Rosaline.
After meeting Juliet, he abandons his tendency to be a traditional, fashionable
lover, and his language becomes intense, reflecting his genuine passion for Juliet.
By avenging Mercutio's death, he sets in motion a chain of tragic events that
culminate in suicide when he mistakenly believes Juliet to be dead.

Mercutio Kinsman to the prince and friend of Romeo. His name comes from
the word mercury, the element which indicates his quick temper. Mercutio is
bawdy, talkative, and tries to tease Romeo out of his melancholy frame of mind.
He accepts Tybalt's challenge to defend Romeo's honor and is killed, thus
precipitating Romeo's enraged reaction during which Romeo kills Tybalt.

Tybalt Lady Capulet's nephew and Juliet's cousin. Tybalt is violent and hot-
tempered, with a strong sense of honor. He challenges Romeo to a duel in
response to Romeo's attending a Capulet party. His challenge to Romeo is taken
up by Mercutio, whom Tybalt kills. Romeo then kills Tybalt.

The Nurse Juliet's nursemaid, who acts as confidante and messenger for

Romeo and Juliet. Like Mercutio, the Nurse loves to talk and reminisce, and her
attitude toward love is bawdy. The Nurse is loving and affectionate toward Juliet,
but compromises her position of trust when she advises Juliet to forget Romeo and
comply with her parents' wishes and marry Paris.

Friar Laurence A brother of the Franciscan order and Romeo's confessor,

who advises both Romeo and Juliet. The Friar agrees to marry the couple in secret
in the hope that marriage will restore peace between their families. His plans to
reunite Juliet with Romeo are thwarted by the influence of fate. The Friar concocts
the potion plot through which Juliet appears dead for 42 hours in order to avoid
marrying Paris. At the end of the play, the Prince recognizes the Friar's good
intentions.

Capulet Juliet's father is quick-tempered and impetuous but is initially

reluctant to consent to Juliet's marriage with Paris because Juliet is so young.
Later, he changes his mind and angrily demands that Juliet obey his wishes. The
deaths of Romeo and Juliet reconcile Capulet and Montague.

Paris A noble young kinsman to the Prince. Paris is well-mannered and

attractive and hopes to marry Juliet. Romeo fights and kills Paris at the Capulet
tomb when Paris thinks that Romeo has come to desecrate the bodes of Tybalt and
Juliet.

Benvolio Montague's nephew and friend of Romeo and Mercutio. Benvolio is

the peacemaker who attempts to keep peace between Tybalt and Mercutio. After
the deaths of Mercutio and Tybalt, Benvolio acts as a Chorus, explaining how
events took place.
Lady Capulet Lady Capulet is vengeful and she demands Romeo's death for
killing Tybalt. In her relationship with Juliet, she is cold and distant, expecting
Juliet to obey her father and marry Paris.
 Montague Romeo's father, who is concerned by his son's melancholy
behavior.

Friar John A brother of the Franciscan order, sent by Friar Laurence to tell
Romeo of his sleeping potion plan for Juliet. The Friar is prevented from getting
to Mantua and the message does not reach Romeo.

Lady Montague In contrast with Lady Capulet, Lady Montague is peace-

loving and dislikes the violence of the feud. Like her husband, she is concerned by
her son's withdrawn and secretive behavior. The news of Romeo's banishment
breaks her heart, and she dies of grief.

3. Motivation Behind the Character

a. Romeo
 Love (Romeo be brave because she love Juliet)
 Revenge (when Romeo killed Tybald)
b. Juliet
 Love
 Fear of Failure ( Juliet suicide because Romeo drink a poison )
c. Tybalt
 Revenge
d. d.Friar Lawrance
 Religious feeling
e. The Nurse
 Love
 Hope for reward
f. Capulet
 Revenge
 Jealousy
 Greed
g. Paris
 Love
  Jealousy

4. Device of Character
Within a dramatic play, an insightful monologue that conveys a character’s
inner feelings, viewpoints and thoughts are referred to as a soliloquy. Regarded as
an essential dramatic device, a soliloquy is delivered by a character who
is alone on the stage. In most Elizabethan tragedies and especially in
Shakespearean plays, a soliloquy offers key insights into the mind of a certain
character.
The soliloquies featured in “Romeo and Juliet” are detailed and delivered with
passionate intensity. These soliloquies add complexity and depth to various
characters thereby magnifying their life-like appeal. Moreover, the riveting and
heart-rending disclosure made by Romeo, Juliet, Juliet’s nurse and other
characters in certain soliloquies, draws the audience to feel profound empathy for
these characters. Some of the soliloquies are discussed below:
Soliloquy in “Romeo and Juliet”
Example #1
“But soft, what light through yonder window breaks?
It is the East, and Juliet is the sun.
Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,
Who is already sick and pale with grief
That thou, her maid, art far more fair than she.” (II. ii. 7-11)

This soliloquy is delivered by Romeo during the balcony scene. After his
initial meeting with Juliet at the Capulet ball, Romeo spends hours yearning for
her and eagerly waiting to reunite with her. This soliloquy highlights Romeo’s
abundant love and admiration for Juliet. After seeing Juliet standing by her
window, Romeo is overwhelmed by his love for her and regards Juliet as being
more beautiful than the ascending sun. He further claims that the moon is grief-
stricken and envious because Juliet is infinite times more beautiful than the moon.

5. Technique of Characterization
Shakespeare employs characterization techniques through dialogue by:
1. Having characters use recurring themes and images in their speech
 2. Giving characters names that connect with their personalities
3. Giving some characters specific speech or rhyme patterns to denote social
standing
All of these techniques are used in different characters in Romeo and Juliet to
help readers gain insight into their personalities.

E. Language and Rhetoric

1. Language Defining the Character
The use of poetic language in Romeo & Juliet throughout the play is both
consistent and wildly contrasting at different points, with both poetry and prose
being used throughout. Upon Analysis, we may observe various new points and
further meaning within the work by evaluating the use of Poetic metre throughout
the work, or more specifically Shakespeare’s occasional deviation from the norm.
The play begins with and for the most part sticks to the poetic metre most
commonly used in English romantic poetry of the time, Iambic Pentameter. This
means that a line is formed of 5 groups of 2 syllables, hence the Pentameter - if it
were 8 it would be Octameter, written in an Iambic fashion; meaning each group
(or ‘foot’) begins with an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one. The
Plays opening two lines are good examples:
'Two households, both alike in dignity In fair Verona, where we kay our scene,”
When read aloud it is impossible not to give greater emphasis to the stressed
syllables, as is the intention of Shakespeare in both this work, almost the entirety
of his sonnets and the writings of countless English Poets throughout history.
With this knowledge if we analyse the plays most famous line, 'O Romeo,
Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo?’ we can unearth new meaning and authorial
intent regarding the poetic metre of this line. Juliet reciting three lines of perfect
Iambic Pentameter follows this line, however this line would be Iambic
Pentameter if it weren't for the length of Romeo's name. The fact that these lines
would follow the long tradition of English love poetry if it weren't for the fact that
the central character were not called Romeo is highly symbolic given the whole
tragedy of the plot revolving around Romeo's name being Romeo Montague.
If it weren't for his family name the two titular lovers could be together, and if it
weren't for the awkward poetic nature of his first name it would fit neatly into the
romantic poetry Juliet wishes them to live up to.
2. Figurative Language
a. Simile
“Scaring the ladies like a crowkeeper,”(I. iv. 6)

This vivid simile is delivered by Benvolio before attending the Capulet’s ball.

In this particular verse, Benvolio is telling his friends, Mercutio and Romeo, that
it is a good thing that none of them is dressed up as a silly, blind-folded Cupid – a
costume that would scare the ladies in the same way that a ghastly-looking
scarecrow terrifies people. This comparison between the scarecrows and young
and naïve men dressed as Cupids in a desperate attempt to impress the ladies
highlights Benvolio’s humorous and witty nature.

b. Personification
“Earth hath swallowed all my hopes but she; She’s the hopeful lady of my earth.”
(I. ii. 14-15)
Lord Capulet uses the above statement to convey the degree to which he
cherishes his daughter Juliet and to emphasize how precious she is. While
addressing Paris, Lord Capulet personifies earth as a living entity that has
swallowed all of his children except Juliet. This particular personification is
meant to highlight that Lord Capulet’s children were dead and buried at some
point. Juliet is the only child who was able to escape the claws of death.

c. Methapor
“My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a
tender kiss” (I. v. 106-107)
This heartfelt and sentimental metaphorical expression is delivered by Romeo
and compares Romeo’s trembling lips to two devoted pilgrims eager to kiss their
holy object of worship. Hence, this graphic comparison implies that Romeo
perceives Juliet as a demi-goddess and regards himself as her blind follower – a
follower whose lips are desperate to plant a passionately reverential kiss on their
holy shrine.

d. Allusion
 “Dost thou love me? I know thou wilt say “Ay,” And I will take thy word. Yet, if
thou swear’st, Thou mayst prove false. At lovers’ perjuries, They say, Jove
laughs.” (II.ii. 95-99)
In this famous quote from the acclaimed balcony scene, Juliet refers to Jove –
the king of Gods in Roman mythology. It is noteworthy that Jove was notorious
for his illicit affairs. One of Jove’s duties was to ensure that people abide by their
promises or pledges. However, after asking Romeo if he truly loves her, Juliet
maintains that even if he were to lie about his loyalty, Jove would not be offended
in the least since Jove pays no heed to unfaithful lovers retracting from their
promises.

e. Images
“O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!
It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night
Like a rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear …”
Romeo praises Juliet by saying that she appears more radiant than the brightly
lit torches in the hall. He says that at night her face glows like a bright jewel
shining against the dark skin of an African. Through the contrasting images of
light and dark, Romeo portrays Juliet’s beauty.

F. Further Dimension
1. Dramatic irony
“This holy shrine, the gentle fine is this:
My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand
To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss.” (I.v. 105-107)”
These heartfelt lines are uttered by a love-struck Romeo who regards himself
as an ardent pilgrim and Juliet as his scared shrine. As a self-professed and
devoted pilgrim, Romeo pleads that he be allowed to kiss his holy shrine. The
ironic fact about the entire wooing incident is that at this stage Romeo is not
aware that Juliet is the daughter of the Capulets, his family’s archrivals. Thus, he
unknowingly falls in love with his nemesis.

2. Pathos
 “Then she is well, and nothing can be ill. Her body sleeps in Capels’ monument,
And her immortal part with angels lives. I saw her laid low in her kindred’s
vault.”
Romeo’s servant Balthasar invokes pity among the audience, when he informs
Romeo – who was waiting impatiently to hear about Juliet – that Juliet is dead
and is buried in her family’s vault. We feel sorry for the untimely death of Juliet
and her heartbroken Romeo.

3. Denoument
“ A glooming peace this morning with it brings;
The sun, for sorrow, will not show his head:
Go hence, to have more talk of these sad things:
Some shall be pardon’d, and some punished:
For never was a story of more woe
Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.”
This is an example of denouement from a tragedy. The climax of the play is
the scene in which the two young lovers, Romeo and Juliet, commit suicide.
Afterward, the other characters in the play rush in to see what has happened and
find them dead. The Prince ends the play by giving a short eulogy for the couple,
which leads to the new normal of the Montagues and Capulets putting an end to
their animosity.

4. Reversal
Romeo can also be considered a tragic hero because he goes through a reversal
of fortune. An example of this is how Romeo finds Juliet and marries her but kills
Tybalt and is banished ruinning his marriage. This is a main example of how his
fortunes were reversed. Romeo says to Friar Laurence "What sorrow craves
aquaintance at my hand that I yet not know?" after killing Tybalt and being
banished? This qoute could be a forshadowing of the sufffering yet to come. It
also shows he recognizes the consequences of his actions. Theses details provide
more evidence on how Romeo is a tragic hero.

5. Blank Verse
 "And, when he shall die,
Take him and cut him out in little stars,
And he will make the face of heaven so fine
That all the world will be in love with night
And pay no worship to the garish sun."
Blank verse has a defined rhythm, but the lines do not rhyme at the end, which
increases their informality. Blank verse is used often in "Romeo and Juliet"
because it is considered romantic due to its more relaxed, personable feel.
Rhyming verse is similar to blank verse in that it has a defining rhythm, but it
rhymes with the ends of the lines. Prose is simply a paragraph structure and uses
regular text without a defining rhythm.

G. Interpreting the Romeo and Juliet

The interpretation of Romeo and Juliet is about love, passion, romance,
betrayal, life and of course, death. Two young "star-crossed lovers" whose deaths
were caused by fate, not their parents or themselves.