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    4 MMCs

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    Gunasekaran Jagadeesan
    This document discusses processing methods for metal matrix composites (MMCs). It describes three types of MMCs and various metallic matrices used. Processing methods include liquid state casting, solid state diffusion bonding, and in situ techniques. Interfaces between the metal matrix and reinforcement can cause discontinuities due to differences in bonding, crystal structure, moduli, and thermal expansion. The document also outlines mechanical properties, machining, applications, and recycling of MMCs.

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    4 MMCs

    Uploaded by

    Gunasekaran Jagadeesan
    49 views33 pages
    This document discusses processing methods for metal matrix composites (MMCs). It describes three types of MMCs and various metallic matrices used. Processing methods include liquid state casting, solid state diffusion bonding, and in situ techniques. Interfaces between the metal matrix and reinforcement can cause discontinuities due to differences in bonding, crystal structure, moduli, and thermal expansion. The document also outlines mechanical properties, machining, applications, and recycling of MMCs.

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    This document discusses processing methods for metal matrix composites (MMCs). It describes three types of MMCs and various metallic matrices used. Processing methods include liquid state casting, solid state diffusion bonding, and in situ techniques. Interfaces between the metal matrix and reinforcement can cause discontinuities due to differences in bonding, crystal structure, moduli, and thermal expansion. The document also outlines mechanical properties, machining, applications, and recycling of MMCs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    49 views33 pages

    4 MMCs

    Uploaded by

    Gunasekaran Jagadeesan
    This document discusses processing methods for metal matrix composites (MMCs). It describes three types of MMCs and various metallic matrices used. Processing methods include liquid state casting, solid state diffusion bonding, and in situ techniques. Interfaces between the metal matrix and reinforcement can cause discontinuities due to differences in bonding, crystal structure, moduli, and thermal expansion. The document also outlines mechanical properties, machining, applications, and recycling of MMCs.

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    UNIT IV - PROCESSING OF METAL

    MATRIX COMPOSITES
    Session Meta Data

    Author Dr. L. Poovazhagan

    Reviewer

    Version Number 1.2

    Release Date 1 March 2020

    2 v 1.2
    Revision History

    Revision Date Details Version


    no.
    10 February 2019 Describing the various processing methods of metal matrix 1.2
    composites

    3 v 1.2
    Session Objectives
    • Understanding the various types metal matrix materials

    • Understanding the various processing methods of metal


    matrix composites

    4 v 1.2
    Session Outcomes
    • At the end of this unit, students will be able to

    – Explaining the various types of metal matrix materials (K2:U)

    – Explain about processing methods of metal matrix composites


    (K2:U)

    5 v 1.2
    Agenda

    Metal matrix materials


    Processing methods of metal matrix composites

    6 v 1.2
    Metal matrix composites (MMCs)
    • Metal matrix composites consist of a metal or an alloy as
    the continuous matrix and a reinforcement that can be
    particle, short fiber

    There are three kinds of metal matrix composites (MMCs)

    • Particle reinforced MMCs


    • Short fiber or whisker reinforced MMCs
    • Continuous fiber or sheet reinforced MMCs or whisker,
    or continuous fiber.

    7 v 1.2
    Reinforcements used in MMCs

    8 v 1.2
    Metallic matrices
    • Aluminium, titanium, magnesium, copper alloys
    • Intermetallic Compounds

    9 v 1.2
    Processing of MMCs
    • liquid state
    • Solid state
    • in situ fabrication techniques
    • diffusion bonding
    • powder metallurgy techniques

    10 v 1.2
    liquid state processing

    • Casting, or liquid infiltration


    • Squeeze casting, or pressure infiltration
    • Centrifugal Casting

    11 v 1.2
    Schematic of the Duralcan process

    12 v 1.2
    (a) Press forming of a preform. (b) Suction
    forming of a preform

    13 v 1.2
    Squeeze casting technique

    14 v 1.2
    Schematic of the spray forming process

    15 v 1.2
    Solid State Processes
    • Diffusion bonding
    • Several deposition techniques are available: immersion
    plating, electroplating, spray deposition, chemical vapor
    deposition (CVD), and physical vapor deposition (PVD)

    • In Situ Processes

    16 v 1.2
    Schematic of diffusion bonding process

    17 v 1.2
    In-situ composites

    18 v 1.2
    Interfaces
    in MMCs
    • Major Discontinuities at Interfaces in MMCs

    • Bonding. A ceramic reinforcement will have an ionic or a mixed ionic/covalent


    bonding, while the metal matrix will have a metallic bonding.

    • Crystallography. The crystal structure and the lattice parameter of the matrix
    and the reinforcement will be different.

    • Moduli. In general, the elastic moduli of the matrix and the reinforcement will be
    different.

    • Chemical potential. The matrix and the reinforcement will not be in thermodynamic
    equilibrium at the interface, i.e., there will be a driving force for a chemical reaction.

    • Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The matrix and the reinforcement will,
    in general, have different CTEs.
    19 v 1.2
    Interfacial Bonding in Metal Matrix
    Composites
    • Crystallographic Nature
    • Mechanical Bonding
    • Chemical Bonding

    20 v 1.2
    Major Discontinuities at Interfaces in MMCs
    • • Bonding. A ceramic reinforcement will have an ionic or a mixed
    ionic/covalent bonding, while the metal matrix will have a metallic bonding.
    • • Crystallography. The crystal structure and the lattice parameter of the
    matrix and the reinforcement will be different.
    • • Moduli. In general, the elastic moduli of the matrix and the reinforcement
    will be different.
    • • Chemical potential. The matrix and the reinforcement will not be in
    thermodynamic equilibrium at the interface, i.e., there will be a driving force
    for a chemical reaction.
    • • Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The matrix and the reinforcement
    will, in general, have different CTEs.

    21 v 1.2
    Interfacial
    reaction products in some
    important MMCs

    22 v 1.2
    Mechanical properties
    • Modulus
    • Strength
    • Effect of Thermal Stresses

    23 v 1.2
    Strengthening mechanisms

    24 v 1.2
    • Properties of In Situ Composites
    • Properties of Particulate Composites
    • Thermal Characteristics
    • High Temperature Properties, Creep, and Fatigue

    25 v 1.2
    Machining of MMCs
    • Effects of Tool Selection
    Cemented Carbide Tools
    Polycrystalline Diamond Tooling
    Chemical Vapour Deposition Tooling
    Cubic Boron Nitride Tooling

    26 v 1.2
    Effects of Machining Parameters
    • Cutting Speed
    • Effect of Feed Rate
    • Effect of Cutting Depth
    • Built-Up Edge
    • Effects of Coolant Selection

    27 v 1.2
    Applications of MMCs

    28 v 1.2
    Applications of MMCs

    29 v 1.2
    Recycling of Metal Matrix Composites
    • There are two aspects of recycling MMCs\

    • Recycling of MMCs as MMCs, i.e., without separating


    the reinforcement from the matrix. This can be quite
    economical where it is possible to use.

    • Recovery or reclamation of the original components by


    separating them via the use of fluxing materials that
    have lower surface energies with the ceramic
    reinforcement than with the metal matrix is a viable
    option.

    30 v 1.2
    Summary
    • Classification of metal matrix composites.
    • Processing of metal matrix composites
    • Interfaces in MMCs
    • Mechanical properties of MMCs
    • Machining of MMCs
    • Applications of MMCs

    31 v 1.2
    Test your understanding
    1. Classify metal matrix composites?
    2. Explain the various processing methods of metal matrix
    composites.
    3. Write about the Interface between metal matrix and
    reinforcement.
    4. How to recycle the MMCs?
    5. Write the applications of MMCs.
    6. How to machine MMCs?

    32 v 1.2
    References
    • 1. Krishnan K Chawla, Composite Materials: Science and Engineering, International Edition,
    • Springer, 2012.
    • 2. Mallick, P.K. and Newman.S., Composite Materials Technology, Hanser Publishers, 2003.

    33 v 1.2

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