Intellectual Revolution

Intellectual Revolutions
Activity: Answer the following by pair

1. Do you think the Church should intervene in the scientific activities? Justify your answer.
Before the birth and growth of science, everyone looked up to the Church and believed
all Church teachings and beliefs. But as we step to the new technological era I can say that there
are many church beliefs that the science opposes. Despite of that, church should intervene in the
scientific activities, intervening means that they would attempt to resolve and discover the
conflict together. Copernicus is raised by his mother’s brother as a catholic at the same time he is
an astronomer that prove that science and religion can be working together because on his
discovery on the heliocentric. He proves that a person can be both inclined in a science and
religion activities. It is more to discover and achieve if things could be two-way communication.
Therefore, religion should embrace science and try to understand it, not interfere with it. Science
is limitless when it comes to discovering new knowledge but they should set their limit when it
comes to the respect on the religion. Even with all the conflicts, science continues to develop
rapidly after the scientific revolution. As of today we are facing environmental and health crisis
and it is not only about Earth, it is about the teaching of the church to love God and the science
became the instrument of the church to be in service of moral good. We cannot hide the fact the
science and religion are very contradicting in their set of beliefs and sometimes they intend to
harm each other but religion and science perspectives should realize that if they work together,
they would attain protection the best various forms of life.
2. By looking for sources and literatures, what are the controversies or questions on Freud’s
idea?
1. oo much emphasis on sex as a primary force in human behavior;

2. Too much emphasis on unconscious forces in behavior;
3. Thinking that toilet training, breast feeding, and early experience was ALL in
determining later human behavior;
4. The failure to recognize plasticity in human behavior and ability to change;
5. Faulty and inadequate research methods;
6. Too much theorizing on the basis of too little actual data;
7. Belief that the model could be applied to all people in all cultures—no
recognition that development and pathology may be different in other cultures;
8. Very much a product of Freud’s time and culture-time bound;
9. The theory of development sees development as ending in early adolescence—
and no recognition of later change and potential for change;
10. Thinking on the causes of pathology do not fit the facts in most cases;
11. Treatment is too slow, not directive enough, and marginally effective at the very,
very, very best.
Having said all this I must note we owe Freud a note of thanks. He broke the ice, tried to
develop theories of how we develop, of pathology, of therapy, and of personality. He
explored many modes of therapy including hypnosis. He alerted us to the importance of
sexuality in humans. Flawed—yes. But a valiant attempt in a very hostile world.
Freud concepts have become obsolete today. His belief that pleasure was the driving force
in human development has been replaced by meaning. We search for meaning not
pleasure. His constructs Id Ego and Super ego never existed and were always hypothetical.
Today we understand the mind by its separate systems. Neo Cortex and limbic system and
how they interact. Freud had a victorian view of women which would never be tolerated
today.
The id, the most primal part of us, is what we are born with - and
animals never develop anything else. It is our primal urges, to eat, to
mate, to compete.
Sociopaths are often controlled by their id more than others as
someone who is ruled by their id would step over other people with no
remorse at all. However, unlike sociopaths, they do not consider the
repercussions of their actions and aim to achieve short term
satisfaction.
It is controversial as it suggests that we are all born uncivil beasts and
we only develop to be members of a community due to the ego (fear of
repercussions) and the superego (which creates feelings of guilt and
makes us feel bad for being selfish). The relation to animals was also
controversial due to the fact that evolution linked humankind to apes
as well - thus both ideas were rejected by religions.
3. How can Darwin’s evolutionary theory influence the following fields in modern times:
Agriculture, Political Science, Economy and Religion. (20pts.)
Contribution of Middle East in the field of mathematics, astronomy, agriculture and science brought us an
innovation that are needed for the improvement of each country. The production of oil positively and
negatively affected the social, political, and economic aspects of the world. It has increased the wealth of
the economy but also led to foreign debt.
Sigismund scholomo freud also known as Sigmund freud was born on 1856. Freud's family background
was Jewish, though his father was a freethinker and Freud himself an avowed atheist. Sigmund Freud
was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, who created an entirely new approach to
the understanding of the human personality. He is regarded as one of the most influential - and
controversial - minds of the 20th century.Freud developed the theory that humans have an unconscious in
which sexual and aggressive impulses are in perpetual conflict for supremacy with the defenses against
them.However, Freud’s most important and frequently re-iterated claim, that with psychoanalysis he had
invented a successful science of the mind, remains the subject of much critical debate and
controversy.Despite repeated criticisms, attempted refutations, and qualifications of Freud’s work, its
spell remained powerful well after his death and in fields far removed from psychology as it is narrowly
defined.
Sigmund Freud was born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1856. Freud's family background was
Jewish, though his father was a freethinker and Freud himself an avowed atheist. Freud was proved as an
outstanding student, excelling in languages, and English literature. At the age of 17, Freud joined the
medical facility at the University of Vienna to study a range of subjects, such as philosophy, physiology
and zoology. Freud graduated in 1881 and began working at the Vienna General Hospital. In 1886, Freud
left his hospital post and set up his own private clinic specialising in nervous disorders.
But, despite the immense influence of Freud, his views are increasingly questioned by people who reject
the importance he attached to childhood sexuality.
It has been over 100 years since Freud published his theories, yet he still influences
what we think about personality and the mind.
Psychology's most famous figure is also one of the most influential and controversial thinkers of the
twentieth century. Sigmund Freud's work and theories helped shape our views of childhood, personality,
memory, sexuality, and therapy. Other major thinkers have contributed work that grew out of Freud's
legacy, while others developed new theories out of opposition to his ideas.
A thinker who helps us understand why our lives and relationships are full of so much confusion and
pain. He tells us why life is hard, and how to cope. Sigmund scholomo freud was born to a middle class
jewish family in 1856. Freud's family background was Jewish, though his father was a freethinker and
Freud himself an avowed atheist. Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of
psychoanalysis, who created an entirely new approach to the understanding of the human personality. He
is regarded as one of the most influential - and controversial - minds of the 20th century. Despite repeated
criticisms, attempted refutations, and qualifications of Freud’s work, its spell remained powerful well
after his death. At the dawn of the 20th century, one young doctor in Vienna developed a theory that
would change our understanding of the human mind forever. He created names, like the id and superego
that are still use today.
It has been over 100 years since Freud published his theories, yet he still influences what we think about
personality and the mind.
And that Is the Freudian revolution is all about, it is the relating on the ideas and methods of Sigmund
Freud about on how the people’s hidden thoughts and feelings influence their behavior especially with
respect to the causes and treatment of neurotic and psychopathic states.
It is also the Freud’s method of psychoanalysis, especially with reference to the importance of sexuality in
human behavior
It is also may be viewed as the discovery of a way locating in the mind’s objective entities which can be
studied like physical things. Because of his genius for structural thought, Freud as able to respond
satisfactorily to a challenge all the sciences are facing through his Freudian revolution

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Intellectual Revolutions

Activity: Answer the following by pair

1. oo much emphasis on sex as a primary force in human behavior;

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