ULTRASONIC TESTING

LEVEL II – GENERAL EXAMINATION

Allotted Time: 90 Minutes.

1) A 10 mm diameter 4 MHz, 60° shear wave probe meant for steel is used to test a
copper plate. Shear wave angle for this probe in copper plate will be (VL
(steel) 5940 m/s; VT (steel) 3250; VL (copper) 4700 copper 2260)

A. 37°
B. 43°
C. 53°
D. none of the above

2) When plotting a DAC curve using three flat bottomed holes of some diameter,
sometimes the hole closest to the probe gives less amplitude than one or
both of the two holes. This could be caused by:

A. near field effects

B. very low frequency
C. very small probe size
D. very high attenuation in the material

3) A longitudinal wave having frequency of 4 MHz takes 2 microseconds to travel

25 mm in a material. Therefore longitudinal wave of 25 MHz will take how
much time to travel 100 mm in the same material?

A. 2 microseconds
B. 8 microseconds
C. 4 microseconds
D. 100 microseconds
E. data not sufficient for calculation

4) A normal probe has a near field of 20 mm in steel. Therefore its near field in
water will be approximately. (VL (steel) = 5940 m/sec. VL (water) = 1480 m/sec)

A. 20 mm
B. 5 mm
C. 80 mm
D. 10 mm
E. more data is required for calculation

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5) Which of the following is a reference reflector that is not dependent on the beam
angle?

A. a flat bottom hole

B. a v notch
C. a side-drilled hole which is parallel to the surface and perpendicular to the beam
D. a disc shaped reflector

6) Which of the following modes of ultrasonic can be sustained within a block of

rice?

A. Longitudinal
B. shear
C. lamb waves
D. both A & B

7) An echo indication on a CRT has a height of 100% of full screen height. What
change in electronic signal amplification is required to reduce it of 5% of full
screen height?

A. increase gain by 30dB (decrease attenuation by 30dB)

B. decrease gain by 28dB (increase attenuation by 28dB)
C. decrease gain by 28dB (increase attenuation by 26dB)
D. increase attenuation by 24dB (decrease gain by 24dB)

8) The near field of a longitudinal wave normal beam transducer of 2 MHz

frequency and effective crystal diameter 25 mm in steel approximately ( VL
(steel) = 5940 m/s)

A. 2 inches
B. 25 mm
C. 3 inches
D. 100 mm

9) Significant errors in ultrasonic beam path measurement can occur if:

A. Test frequency is varying at a constant rate.

B. The velocity of propagation of ultrasonic wave deviates substantially from the
assumed value for the given material
C. Oil is employed as a Couplant
D. None of the above would cause error

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10)If an ultrasonic wave is transmitted through an interface of two materials in
which the first material has higher acoustic but the same velocity as the
second material, the angle of refraction will be:

A. The same as the angle of incidence

B. Less than the angle of incidence
C. Greater than the angle of incidence
D. Beyond the critical angle

11)The small diameter bar is to be tested by normal beam. The probe when place on
the end face of bars shows services of small echo. These echoes are most
probably due to the:

A. Excessive Couplant
B. Side wall reflections
C. Resonance effects
D. Rough surfaces

12)DGS scales are used for:

A. Calculating depth and surface distance of the defects

B. Sizing defects smaller than the effective diameter of probe
C. Sizing defects larger than the effects diameter of the probe
D. All of the above

13)The amount of ultrasonic energy reflected from the discontinuity will depend
upon:

A. The type of discontinuity

B. The size of discontinuity
C. The orientation of discontinuity
D. All of the above
E. B&C

14)The most important advantage of using T-R probe is:

A. improved signal to noise ratio

B. increased sensitivity of testing
C. improved near surface resolution
D. testing of very thick material

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15)What would be the ‘projected distance’ from the reflector as shown in the figure
1?

A. 35 mm
B. 65 mm
C. 45 mm
D. 28 mm

16)To set metal path range for angle beam inspection using radii of IIW VI and V2
blocks:

A. only the beam angle need to be

B. only the probe index need to be known
C. neither beam angle or the probe index need to be known
D. both beam angle and probe index must be known

17)What dB would be required if you want to decrease the height of an echo from
60% to 10 % of full height?

A. 10 dB
B. 6 dB
C. 60 dB
D. 16 dB

18)The unit of sound attenuation coefficient is:

A. dB/mtr3
B. dB/mtr2
C. dB/mtr
D. dB

19)As the frequency of a transducer of given size is increased:

A. the lateral resolution is impaired

B. the beam divergence increases
C. the length of the near field increases
D. the sensitivity decreases

20)An accident angle of 10 degree in water could produce a refracted longitudinal

wave in steel at an angle of:

A. 27°
B. 44°
C. 65°
D. 50°

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21)A 60° angle beam should be used with caution because:

A. it has very large dead zone

B. it has unfavourably polarised
C. it can undergo severe mode conversion under certain geometric conditions
D. it is always accompanied by a longitudinal wave component

22)If the acoustic impedance of material is high:

A. Ultrasonic waves will be heavily attenuation in the material

B. Ultrasonic will travel with low speed in the material
C. Both A & B
D. Neither A nor B

23)The velocity of which of the following modes of ultrasonic waves depends on the
elastic constants of the material, the thickness of the material as well the
frequency of the waves?

A. longitudinal waves
B. transverse waves
C. rayleigh waves
D. lamb waves

24)Which control of the ultrasonic flaw detector can affect frequency bandwidth of
the probe connected to the flaw detector?

A. damping control
B. frequency selector control
C. frequency filter control
D. the decibel control

25)When calibrating the CRT for metal path range of 0 to 125 mm for angle beam
probe, the reference echoes from a standard V2 block should be adjusted to
appear at:

A. 3 and 9 scale divisions

B. 2 and 8 scale divisions
C. 2.5 and 7.5 scale divisions
D. beam angle date is required to calculate the echo positions

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26)A given angle beam probe generates 2.0 MHz shear waves at an angle of 45° to
the normal in the steel. The same probe when applied to the copper will
produce in copper a:

A. 45°, 2 MHz shear wave beam

B. 45°, 2.5 MHz shear wave beam
C. 30°, 2.0 MHz shear wave beam
D. 64°, 2.0 MHz shear wave beam

27)A 45 mm thick steel plate was inspected using a normal beam probe. The
ultrasonic flaw detector was calibrated for 50 mm metal path in steel. At one
point on the plate a C R T pattern was obtained as shown in Fig.2. From this
we can conclude that.

A. There is a flaw at a depth of 10 mm

B. There are flaws at a depth of 10 mm and 25 mm
C. There are flaws at a depth of 10 mm, 25 mm and 45 mm
D. There are flaws at a depth of 10mm, 25 mm, 45 mm & 50 mm

28)The time taken by 15 MHz shear waves to travel 50 mm of Perspex is closest to

(Perspex: VL=2730 m/sec Vs=1430 m/sec.)

A. 25 micro seconds
B. 10 micro seconds
C. 70 micro seconds
D. 35 micro seconds

29)The figure 3 represents the C R T pattern during an immersion testing, of 20 mm

thick, steel plate, the echo D is most probably.

A. a defect lying close to the entry surface

B. spurious indication
C. from a defect lying close to the back surface
D. a multiple of echo ‘B’
E. From a discontinuity lying at the centre of thickness.

30)A 55 mm thick steel plate is to be ultrasonically inspected by 60° angle beam.

Inspection is limited zero to half ‘V’-path. Which of the following range
settings is most preferable and

A. 0-150 mm
B. 0-100 mm
C. 0-250 mm
D. 50-100 mm

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31)Transverse cracking in high tensile weldments is defected by mainly:

A. rotational scanning
B. orbital scanning
C. lateral scanning
D. scanning along lines parallel to the weld, the beam being slightly inclined
towards the weld line.

32)When a 30 mm plate is tested by using 5 MHz, 15 mm diameter, normal beam

probe, the second back mall echo is obtained at scale division 2 and the third
back wall echo at scale division 8 the equipment has been calibrated for the
tool range of:

A. 0 to 100 mm
B. 50 to 100 mm
C. 20 to 70 mm
D. 20 to 50 mm

33)An ultrasonic flaw detector is calibrated in 150 mm range will reduce if

A. the frequency of the probe is reduced

B. the size of the probe is reduced
C. the longitudinal probe is replaced by a shear probe
D. all of the above
E. A and B

34)Can a double crystal probe can be used as single crystal probe in case of
emergency?

A. no, since the crystal will be damaged

B. no, since the flaw detector will not work in this case
C. yes, provided required sensitivities at the required metal paths could be
demonstrated on reference blocks
D. yes, only when frequency is not very high

35)The major advantage of ‘B’ and ‘C’ scan system when compared to the ‘A’ scan
system is that

A. they size the flaw more accurately

B. they have no better resolution
C. all of the above
D. none of the above

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36)The use of filtering control:

A. adversely affects screen brightness

B. adversely affects judgement of flaw type
C. improves flaw detectability
D. helps to filter away unwanted signals
E. improves resolution

37)To out surface distance (projected distance) using V2 block prior knowledge of
probe angle is necessary. This statement is:

A. true
B. false
C. true, for only miniature angle probe
D. false, for only high frequency probes

38)In regarding DAC curve which of the following statement is valid:

A. it takes care of loss of ultrasonic intensely with distance due to attenuation only
B. it takes care of loss ultrasonic intensity with distance due to attenuation only
C. it takes care of loss ultrasonic intensity with distance due to attenuation beam
divergence
D. it takes care of loss ultrasonic intensity with distance due to attenuation beam
divergence and improper coupling

39)In weld testing, a slide drilled hole may be used for

A. distance calibration
B. amplitude calibration
C. depth calibration
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

40)The appropriate method for reflector with dimension greater than the beam
diameter is

A. amplitude method
B. geometrical method
C. distance amplitude correction method
D. any of the above suitable to the weld geometry

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 Probe Angle - 45° Beam Path - 65 mm

Figure - 1

0 1 2 3 4 5

Figure - 2

0 1 2 3 4 5

Figure - 3

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 ULTRASONIC TESTING
LEVEL II – GENERAL EXAMINATION
ANSWERS
Question Answer Question Answer
s s s s
1 A 21 C

2 A 22 D

3 B 23 D

4 C 24 B

5 C 25 B

6 D 26 C

7 D 27 A

8 A 28 D

9 B 29 E

10 B 30 A

11 B 31 D

12 A 32 B

13 D 33 C

14 C 34 C

15 C 35 A

16 C 36 D

17 D 37 A

18 C 38 C

19 C 39 D

20 B 40 A

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