ALMARIO VS. ALBA Case Digest

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Alex Almario vs Manuel Alba

127 SCRA 69 – Political Law – Amendment to the Constitution – Political Question


In January 1984, a plebiscite was to be held to allow the voters to either approve or reject
amendments to the Constitution proposed by the Batasang Pambansa. The proposed
amendments are embodied in four (4) separate questions to be answered by simple YES or
NO answers.
Alex Almario and some other concerned groups seek to enjoin the submission in the said
plebiscite  of Questions No. 3 (“grant” as an additional mode of acquiring lands belonging to
the public domain) and 4 (the undertaking by the government of a land reform program and
a social reform program) to the people for ratification or rejection on the ground that there
has been no fair and proper submission following the doctrine laid down in Tolentino v.
COMELEC.
However, unlike in the case of Tolentino vs COMELEC, Almario et al do not seek to prohibit
the holding of the plebiscite but only ask for more time for the people to study the meaning
and implications of the said questions/proposals until the nature and effect of the proposals
are fairly and properly submitted to the electorate.
ISSUE: Whether or not Questions 3 and 4 can be presented to the people on a later date.
HELD: No. This is a political question. The necessity, expediency, and wisdom of the
proposed amendments are beyond the power of the courts to adjudicate. Precisely, whether
or not “grant” of public land and “urban land reform” are unwise or improvident or whether or
not the proposed amendments are unnecessary is a matter which only the people can
decide. The questions are presented for their determination.
Assuming that a member or some members of the Supreme Court may find undesirable any
additional mode of disposing of public land or an urban land reform program, the remedy is
to vote “NO” in the plebiscite but not to substitute his or their aversion to the proposed
amendments by denying to the millions of voters an opportunity to express their own likes or
dislikes.
Further, Almario et al have failed to make out a case that the average voter does not know
the meaning of “grant” of public land or of “urban land reform.”

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