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    A730 s12.hw3 PDF

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    KazaValiShaik
    This document outlines 5 problems for an astronomy course on galaxies: 1) Calculate surface brightness and mass-to-light ratios for spirals, ellipticals, and stellar populations using textbook problems. 2) Model the evolution of stellar populations in galaxies and determine which single stars best represent galaxy spectra at different ages. 3) Derive expressions relating the vertical velocity dispersion and scale height of galaxy disks to heating processes and examine implications for parameters like diffusion rates. 4) Solve additional textbook problems connected to galaxy dynamics and properties. 5) The problems aim to model galaxy properties and apply concepts to a term project on galaxies.

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    A730 s12.hw3 PDF

    Uploaded by

    KazaValiShaik
    65 views2 pages
    This document outlines 5 problems for an astronomy course on galaxies: 1) Calculate surface brightness and mass-to-light ratios for spirals, ellipticals, and stellar populations using textbook problems. 2) Model the evolution of stellar populations in galaxies and determine which single stars best represent galaxy spectra at different ages. 3) Derive expressions relating the vertical velocity dispersion and scale height of galaxy disks to heating processes and examine implications for parameters like diffusion rates. 4) Solve additional textbook problems connected to galaxy dynamics and properties. 5) The problems aim to model galaxy properties and apply concepts to a term project on galaxies.

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    This document outlines 5 problems for an astronomy course on galaxies: 1) Calculate surface brightness and mass-to-light ratios for spirals, ellipticals, and stellar populations using textbook problems. 2) Model the evolution of stellar populations in galaxies and determine which single stars best represent galaxy spectra at different ages. 3) Derive expressions relating the vertical velocity dispersion and scale height of galaxy disks to heating processes and examine implications for parameters like diffusion rates. 4) Solve additional textbook problems connected to galaxy dynamics and properties. 5) The problems aim to model galaxy properties and apply concepts to a term project on galaxies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    65 views2 pages

    A730 s12.hw3 PDF

    Uploaded by

    KazaValiShaik
    This document outlines 5 problems for an astronomy course on galaxies: 1) Calculate surface brightness and mass-to-light ratios for spirals, ellipticals, and stellar populations using textbook problems. 2) Model the evolution of stellar populations in galaxies and determine which single stars best represent galaxy spectra at different ages. 3) Derive expressions relating the vertical velocity dispersion and scale height of galaxy disks to heating processes and examine implications for parameters like diffusion rates. 4) Solve additional textbook problems connected to galaxy dynamics and properties. 5) The problems aim to model galaxy properties and apply concepts to a term project on galaxies.

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    Astronomy 730 / Galaxies

    Problem Set 3

    Problem 1. Calculate surface-brightness in solar units for spirals and ellipticals:


    a. Do problem 5.2 in S&G
    b. Do problem 6.3 in S&G

    Problem 2. Calculate M/L for ellipticals:


    a. Do problem 6.6 in S&G
    b. Do problems 6.13 and 6.14 in S&G

    Problem 3. Parameterize the evolution of stellar populations in galaxies:


    a. Do problem 6.12 in S&G
    b. Estimate which single star best represents the model spectra of a galaxy which
    makes all of its stars in a single burst of 108 years after 10 Myr, 100 Myr, 1 Gyr
    and 10 Gyr (in Figure 6.18 of S&G) as well as the elliptical galaxy spectrum
    shown in Figure 6.17.
    c. Now consider Figure 6.19 in S&G. What does this tell you about the validity of a
    single-star representation of the colors of today’s elliptical galaxies? Suppose we
    extend this conclusion to the model spectra in Figure 6.18. Revise your estimate
    for the stellar mix at each of the ages given in (b). Present a qualitative and
    quantitative argument for your choice based on what you know about simple
    stellar populations, and their evolution with time, Main-Sequence lifetimes, and
    CMDs of star-clusters.
    d. Tell me how this exercise is relevant for the term project, both generally and
    specifically. What conclusions from this set of problems can be applied directly to
    the project calculations?

    Problem 4. In this problem you will start to work out some simple relations for how
    disks like the Milky Way’s might have been heated through diffusion. For boundary
    conditions assume: (i) Stars are born in a gas layer characterized by a vertical velocity
    dispersion σb and exponential scale-height zb; the stars initially share these phase-space
    attributes; these properties are independent of radius within the disk. (ii) The disk is
    characterized by a radial mass surface-density distribution, Σ, that is exponential with a
    scale length of hR and constant in time. (iii) After stars are born they are heated by a
    diffusion process involving a variety of massive objects, e.g., giant molecular clouds,
    spiral arms, globular clusters, and satellite galaxies and dark halos. (iv) Today, the disk is
    characterized by a vertical distribution that is exponential, with scale-height hz constant
    with radius. (v) The disk can always be treated as a system in dynamical equilibrium.

    (a) Derive an expression relating the radial trend of σz today with radius [σz(R,t0)],
    where t0 is the age of the galaxy disk today. Comment on how the radial trend is
    related to, or differs from that of Σ.
    (b) Derive an expression which describes the evolution of σz(R,t) for disk stars given
    the boundary conditions above and the unknown parameters of diffusion.
    (c) Use these results to derive constraints on the radial trend of the disk-heating
    coefficient, n, with radius assuming a fixed heating time-scale, τH.
    (d) Repeat (c), but instead solving for τH assuming fixed n.
    (e) Assume that τH is given by the dynamical time-scale of the disk (at each radius).
    For a disk like the Milky Way, what are the values of τH and n at R/hR = 1 and 3
    for t0 = 10 Gyr. How does this change if t0 = 6 Gyr? For t0 = 3 Gyr? What do the
    differences or similarities in n tell you about the diffusion process in the disk?

    Problem 5. Do Problems 4.6, 4.7, 7.1, 7.8, 8.1, and 8.2 in Sparke & Gallagher (these are
    all connected).

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