Internat ional Journal of Applied R es ea rch 2016; 2(11): 392-3 95

ISSN Print: 2394-7500

ISSN Online: 2394-5869
Impact Factor: 5.2
Analysis of employee motivation in banking sector
IJAR 2016; 2(11): 392-395
www.allresearchjournal.com
Received: 27-09-2016 Shalini Tomer
Accepted: 28-10-2016
Abstract
Shalini Tomer Employees are the most important factor in the success and failure of any organization. Motivational
Research Scholar, Mewar
factors play an important role in increasing employee job satisfaction. Satisfied employees in return can
University, Chittorgarh,
help in improving organizational performance. In this study, motivation as one of the most important
Rajasthan, India
factors potentially contributing to the performance of employees has been examined in relation to the
banking sector. As a result of the study, the most important factors motivating employees are respectively
“equitable wage and promotion”, “extended health benefit and other social facilities”, and “working
environment”. Another crucial finding of the study is the fact that “equitable wage and promotion” having
the highest potential of motivating employees do not differentiate according to demographic
characteristics.
As is the present era all the banks have strong HR policies to retain their employee but after that there
are some loopholes in that so that employees are not well motivated to work with nationalized banks. In
the present time as there are two types of banking sector one is public sector and another one is private
sector. In between that private sector banks are attracting people by giving higher salary and other
benefits so it is necessary to implement strong HR policies by public sector banks. So that employee can
be well motivated in nationalized banks.

Keywords: Employee motivation, banking sector, motivation theory, policies for motivation

Introduction
Motivation is a psychological and sociological concept as it relates to human behavior and
human relations. It is the most fundamental and all pervasive concept of psychology. For
motivation, sweet words are useful but are certainly not adequate. Motivation basically relates
to human needs, desires and expectations. Motivation is next to directing or leading.
Motivating employees means encouraging people to take more initiative and interest in the
work assigned. It is an art of getting things done willingly from others.
Motivation avoids clashes and non-cooperation and brings harmony, unity and co-operative
outlook among employees. For this, effective communication, proper appreciation of work
done and positive encouragement are necessary and useful. This creates favorable environment
because of which employees take more interest and initiative in the work and perform their
jobs efficiently. Motivation is a technique of creating attraction for the job. The process of
motivation is a continuous one (circular one) and is beneficial to both - employer and
employees.
It is through motivation that employees can be induced to work more, to earn more and to give
better results to the Organization. It is rightly said that employees are human assets of an
organization. It is the responsibility of an employer to motivate his employees.
Motivational factors like Communication, Challenging and exciting work, Recognition and
reward for performance are beneficial for the organization as well as the employee.
Employee motivation is affected by both personal characteristics as well as workplace
environment. Organizations benefit from “engaged workers” in a number of ways. Two-way
communication helps to shape employee perceptions and aid the company in understanding
employees better. Employee satisfaction has positive influence on customer satisfactions in
Correspondence
Shalini Tomer
the service industry (Harter, Schmidt & Hayes, 2002).
Research Scholar, Mewar
University, Chittorgarh,
Rajasthan, India

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Theories of Motivation

Theory Name Reference Motivation Instruments

Abraham Maslow’s Koçel, 2005, p. 639;

Physiological Needs, Safety Needs, Social and Belongingness Needs,
Hierarchy of Needs Arnold and Feldman
Esteem Needs, Self-Actualization
Theory 1986, pp. 52-54
Motivators (achievement, recognition, responsibility, opportunity for
advancement or promotion, challenging work, and potential for personal
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Herzberg 1968, pp.
growth) Hygiene factors (pay, technical supervision, working conditions,
Theory 53-62
company policies, administration, and procedures, interpersonal
relationships with peers, supervisors, and subordinates, status, and security)
McClelland and Alderfer’s McClelland’s three types human needs (Achievement, affiliation, and
Certo 1997, p. 387
Theories of Motivation power) and
Clayton Alderfer’s Needs Type (Existence needs, relatedness needs, and
Awarding Expectation and
Vroom 1996. growth needs) Expectation to achieve positive results due to improved
Fair Awarding Systems
performance.

Abraham Maslow’s “Hierarchy of Needs The ory” Satisfying the needs for motivation follows jumping to new
advocates that once reached a basic level, a person can be level of motivation.
motivated to access the next level. Physiological needs are at
the bottom of this scale while Self Actualization is at the top. Vroom’s Awarding Expectation and Fair Awarding
According to Herzberg, positive hygiene factors are accepted Systems: theory states that if the expectations are positive for
as they are by the employees and this can be motivating but performance growth the employees will be more diligent and
not necessarily at all times. work more intensive with elevated motivation.

McClelland and Alderfer’s Motivation: Theories work Process Theories of Motivation

similar to Abraham Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs.

Theory name Reference Motivation Instrument

Reinforcement Theory Davis 1981, p. 69 Repeating the behaviour according to the result
The Expectancy Theories
Vroom’s Expectancy Hellriegel and Slocum Valens(Degree of desire to achieve an award as a result
Theory 1978, p. 348 of efforts) ), Expectation that the effort will be awarded
Combination of Valens and expectation with knowledge,
Lawlerr-Porter Model Dubrin 1978, p. 52
skills, and perception of one’s organisational role.
Equity Theory Luthans 1981, p. 197 Fair and equal treatment of organisation staff.
Goal Setting Theory Gannon 1979, p. 176 Degree of achievability of goals

Reinforcement Theory: states that one may repeat the skills, with valence and expectations as essential for
similar behaviour thanks to different reasons (needs. goals, motivation and success.
being already conditioned to do so). This hints the
Management to repeat the behaviour to motivate the Equity Theory: suggests that success and satisfaction is in
employee. ratio with how equal an employee feels treated in the
organisation. Lack of this feeling will deprive motivation.
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory: advocates that if one’s
valence and motivation is high he will with his own will; use Goal Setting Theory: expresses that employees who chase
all his knowledge, skills and energy. harder tasks and higher goals will perform better and will be
more motivated than staff who are settled with less
Lawler-Porter Model: in addition to Vroom’s Expectancy challenging tasks (Koçel 1999, p. 482).
Theory lines up; the necessity of one is being awarded
according to his task in the organization, his knowledge, and Main Motivating Instruments as per Common Literature

Date
Author(s) Motivating Instruments
Published
High income, promotion possibilities, to prove oneself, ’
diversity of tasks, using some skills, high responsibility,
lifestyle, job security, participation in decision making,
Maier 1970
importance of the duty, friendly colleagues, social rank,
reasonable boss, flexible work hours, fringe benefits, travel
opportunity and job inspections.
Harpaz 1990 Attractive job, good enumeration and job security
Blunt and Spring 1991 Job security, teamwork, beneficial for society job.
Cacioppe and Mock Harpaz 1990 Attractive job, good
enumeration and job security Blunt and Spring 1991 1984 Job security, teamwork, beneficial for society job.
Job security, teamwork, beneficial for society job.

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Elizur at al. 1991 Success and attractive job.

Relations with co-workers, wages, social security, trade union membership, participation in decision
Sapancalı 1993 making, independence in thinking and deciding, job security, relations with management, possession
of power and authority, social rank, promotion, training, appreciation and awards.
Interesting job, good remuneration, job security appreciation, participation in decision making,
Kovach 1995 promotion possibilities, good working conditions, relations with management, positive discipline,
attitude to personal difficulties. Simonz and Enz 1995 Good remuneration and job security.
Nelson 1996 Appreciation and awarding the performance.
Attractive job, good enumeration, appreciation, job security, good working conditions, promotion
Lindner 1998
possibilities, participation in decision making, relations with management, positive discipline.
Wong at al. 1999 Promotion possibilities and friendly relations.
Adak and
2002 Job security, worthiness of the job, wages system, promotion facilities.
Hançer
Attractive job, promotion possibilities. Classification of the job and the work place specifications. Job
Buck at al. security, relations with management, fair enumeration based on performance, trust and cooperation in
2003-2004
Forrest the team, suitable work environment, social improvement chances, team work, attractive tasks
2005
Ölçer, compatible with skills, work rotation. Motivational Instruments for Organisations and Management
2006
Toker (for a more interesting job etc.), Monetary (cash awards etc.) Social Motivation Instruments (job
security etc.) and Psychological Motivational Instruments (power and authority delegating).

The Banking Sector in India It has given wide powers to supervise and control the banking
The Banking sector in India has always been one of the most structure. It occupies the pivotal position in the monetary and
preferred destinations for employment. In this decade, this banking structure of the country. In many countries central
sector has emerged as a sunrise sector in the Indian economy. bank is known by different names.
Banking sector index has grown at a compounded annual rate For example, Federal Reserve Bank of U.S.A, Bank of
of over 51 per cent since the year 2001.The Banking Industry England in U.K. and Reserve Bank of India in India. Central
is recruiting in a big way. In the next five years, banks will bank is known as a banker’s bank. They have the authority to
have to recruit almost 7.5 lakh people Now, banks have formulate and implement monetary and credit policies. It is
diversify their activities and getting into new products and owned by the government of a country and has the monopoly
services that include opportunities in credit cards, consumer power of issuing notes.
finance, wealth management, life and general insurance,
investment banking, mutual funds, pension fund regulation, Commercial Banks
stock broking services, custodian services and private equity Commercial bank is an institution that accepts deposit, makes
etc. Further, most of the leading Indian banks are going business loans and offer related services to various like
global, setting up offices in foreign countries themselves or accepting deposits and lending loans and advances to general
through their subsidiaries. customers and business man.
The expansion of the banking sector and its convergence with These institutions run to make profit. They cater to the
the other financial sectors such as insurance, NBFCs and financial requirements of industries and various sectors like
Capital markets, retirement of the existing employees and agriculture, rural development, etc. it is a profit making
financial inclusion have created more number of institution owned by government or private of both.
opportunities in the banking sector.
Infrastructure, Risk Management, Banking and Financial Commercial bank includes public sector, private sector,
Services, Management Information Systems and Customer foreign banks and regional rural banks
Relations Management are a few areas where specialization a. Public sector banks
is expected. It includes SBI, seven (7) associate banks and nineteen (19)
nationalized banks. Altogether there are 27 public sector
Banking and Origin of Bank in India banks. The public sector accounts for 90 percent of total
Banking Structure banking business in India and State Bank of India is the
largest commercial bank in terms of volume of all
commercial banks.

b. Private sector banks

Private sector banks are those whose equity is held by private
shareholders. For example, ICICI, HDFC etc. Private sector
bank plays a major role in the development of Indian banking
industry.

c. Foreign Banks
Foreign banks are those banks, which have their head offices
abroad. CITI bank, HSBC, Standard Chartered etc. are the
examples of foreign bank in India.
RBI
Reserve Bank of India is the Central Bank of our country. It d. Regional Rural Bank (RRB)
was established on 1st April 1935 under the RBI Act of 1934. These are state sponsored regional rural oriented banks. They
It holds the apex position in the banking structure. RBI provide credit for agricultural and rural development. The
performs various developmental and promotional functions. main objective of RRB is to develop rural economy. Their
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borrowers include small and marginal farmers, agricultural

labourers, artisans etc. NABARD holds the apex position in
the agricultural and rural development.

Co-operative Bank
Co-operative bank was set up by passing a co-operative act
in 1904. They are organized and managed on the principal of
co-operation and mutual help. The main objective of co-
operative bank is to provide rural credit.
The cooperative banks in India play an important role even
today in rural co-operative financing. The enactment of Co-
operative Credit Societies Act, 1904, however, gave the real
impetus to the movement. The Cooperative Credit Societies
Act, 1904 was amended in 1912, with a view to broad basing
it to enable organisation of non-credit societies.

Three tier structures exist in the cooperative banking

i. State cooperative bank at the apex level.
ii. Central cooperative banks at the district level.
iii. Primary cooperative banks and the base or local level.

a. Scheduled and Non-Scheduled banks

A bank is said to be a scheduled bank when it has a paid up
capital and reserves as per the prescription of RBI and
included in the second schedule of RBI Act 1934. Non-
scheduled bank are those commercial banks, which are not
included in the second schedule of RBI Act 1934.

Development banks and other financial institutions

A development bank is a financial institution, which provides
a long term funds to the industries for development purpose.
This organization includes banks like IDBI, ICICI, and IFCI
etc. State level institutions like SFC’s SIDC’s etc. It also
includes investment institutions like UTI, LIC, and GIC etc.

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