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    (Concept Map) Urinary Tract Infections

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    Rica Alyssa Pepito
    Urine dipstick tests and urine cultures are important diagnostic tools for urinary tract infections (UTIs). A urine dipstick test can quickly confirm a diagnosis of uncomplicated cystitis by detecting nitrites or leukocyte esterase in the urine. A urine culture is the gold standard for diagnosing a UTI, using a colony count threshold of over 100 bacteria/mL in women or over 1000 bacteria/mL in men to indicate infection. The most common causes of UTIs are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus bacteria entering the urinary tract via ascension from the urethra. Risk factors include female anatomy, sexual activity, prior history of UTI, and medical conditions

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    (Concept Map) Urinary Tract Infections

    Uploaded by

    Rica Alyssa Pepito
    59 views1 page
    Urine dipstick tests and urine cultures are important diagnostic tools for urinary tract infections (UTIs). A urine dipstick test can quickly confirm a diagnosis of uncomplicated cystitis by detecting nitrites or leukocyte esterase in the urine. A urine culture is the gold standard for diagnosing a UTI, using a colony count threshold of over 100 bacteria/mL in women or over 1000 bacteria/mL in men to indicate infection. The most common causes of UTIs are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus bacteria entering the urinary tract via ascension from the urethra. Risk factors include female anatomy, sexual activity, prior history of UTI, and medical conditions

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    Source: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 19th Edition.

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    [Concept Map] Urinary Tract Infections

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    Urine dipstick tests and urine cultures are important diagnostic tools for urinary tract infections (UTIs). A urine dipstick test can quickly confirm a diagnosis of uncomplicated cystitis by detecting nitrites or leukocyte esterase in the urine. A urine culture is the gold standard for diagnosing a UTI, using a colony count threshold of over 100 bacteria/mL in women or over 1000 bacteria/mL in men to indicate infection. The most common causes of UTIs are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus bacteria entering the urinary tract via ascension from the urethra. Risk factors include female anatomy, sexual activity, prior history of UTI, and medical conditions

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    59 views1 page

    (Concept Map) Urinary Tract Infections

    Uploaded by

    Rica Alyssa Pepito
    Urine dipstick tests and urine cultures are important diagnostic tools for urinary tract infections (UTIs). A urine dipstick test can quickly confirm a diagnosis of uncomplicated cystitis by detecting nitrites or leukocyte esterase in the urine. A urine culture is the gold standard for diagnosing a UTI, using a colony count threshold of over 100 bacteria/mL in women or over 1000 bacteria/mL in men to indicate infection. The most common causes of UTIs are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus bacteria entering the urinary tract via ascension from the urethra. Risk factors include female anatomy, sexual activity, prior history of UTI, and medical conditions

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    Floating Topic

    History, signs and symptoms

    urine dipstick test can confirm the diagnosis of


    uncomplicated
    cystitis (nitrite or leukocyte esterase positivity)
    Urine Dipstick Test,
    Urine culture: diagnostic “GOLD STANDARD” for UTI Urinalysis, and Urine
    Diagnostics
    Culture
    colony count threshold of >100 bacteria/mL in women
    Most commonly in females (between 1-50 yo)
    colony count threshold of >1000 bacteria/mL in men
    neonatal period = slightly higher among
    Meares-Stamey 4-glass test: for chronic bacterial prostatitis Other Epidemiology males (higher incidence of congenital
    urinary tract anomalies)

    after age 50 = obstruction from BPH


    does not have local or systemic symptoms common in men
    referable to the urinary tract Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

    dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency; nocturia, hesitancy,


    in acute cystitis: sexual activity, recent use
    suprapubic discomfort, and gross hematuria Cystitis
    of a diaphragm with spermicide
    3
    - MILD: low-grade fever with or without CVA pain,
    - SEVERE: high fever ("picket-fence" pattern), rigors,
    Urinary Tract frequent sexual
    intercourse; history of
    in pyelonephritis: new sexual partner
    Risk Factors UTI in the previous 12 months
    nausea, vomiting, and flank and/or loin pain Pyelonephritis
    Clinical Presentation Infections UTI; incontinence, DM

    - ACUTE: dysuria, frequency, and pain in the prostatic pelvic in recurrent UTI: use of spermicide, new
    or perineal area + fever and chills sexual partner, first UTI before 15 years of
    - CHRONIC: more insidious; recurrent episodes of cystitis + age
    pelvic and perineal pain Prostatitis

    anatomic predisposition to infection, with a foreign


    E. coli (75–90% ); S. saprophyticus (5–15%) Klebsiella, Proteus,
    body in the urinary tract, or with factors predisposing Etiology Enterococcus, and Citrobacter (5–10%)
    to a delayed response to therapy Complicated UTI

    ascending from the urethra


    Routes of bacterial entry
    hematogenous spread: <2% into the urinary tract
    Pathogenicity

    foreign body (catheter or stone)

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