4/4/2020 Hyperbolic functions - sinh, cosh, tanh, coth, sech, csch

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Geometry Home / College Math / Hyperbolic Functions

Polynomial Long
Division Hyperbolic functions - sinh, cosh, tanh,
Horner's Rule
coth, sech, csch
Binomial DEFINITION OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
Coefficients
Hyperbolic sine of x
Sets
sinh x = (ex - e-x)/2
Series

Logarithms Hyperbolic cosine of x

Complex
cosh x = (ex + e-x)/2
Numbers

Functions Hyperbolic tangent of x

Definition of a tanh x = (ex - e-x)/(ex + e-x)

Derivative
Hyperbolic cotangent of x
Indefinite
Integrals coth x = (ex + e-x)/(ex - e-x)

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4/4/2020 Hyperbolic functions - sinh, cosh, tanh, coth, sech, csch

Integrals Hyperbolic secant of x

Probability sech x = 2/(ex + e-x)

Theory

Hyperbolic
Hyperbolic cosecant of x

Functions csch x = 2/(ex - e-x)

Lobachevski -
Non-Euclidean
Geometry

Spherical
Triangle

Differential
Equations

Beta Function
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TÌM KIẾM CÓ TÀI TRỢ

value of hyperbolicRELATIONSHIPS
functions AMONG HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

cosh 3x formula
tanh x = sinh x/cosh x

hyperbolic formula
coth x = 1/tanh x = cosh x/sinh x

csch x sech x = 1/cosh x

relation between tanh and sech x

csch x = 1/sinh x

cosh2x - sinh2x = 1

sech2x + tanh2x = 1

coth2x - csch2x = 1

FUNCTIONS OF NEGATIVE ARGUMENTS

sinh(-x) = -sinh x

cosh(-x) = cosh x

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tanh(-x) = -tanh x

csch(-x) = -csch x

sech(-x) = sech x

coth(-x) = -coth x

ADDITION FORMULAS

sinh (x ± y) = sinh x cosh y ± cosh x sinh y

cosh (x ± y) = cosh x cosh y ± sinh x sinh y

tanh(x ± y) = (tanh x ± tanh y)/(1 ± tanh x.tanh y)

coth(x ± y) = (coth x coth y ± l)/(coth y ± coth x)

DOUBLE ANGLE FORMULAS

sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x

cosh 2x = cosh2x + sinh2x = 2 cosh2x — 1 = 1 + 2 sinh2x

tanh 2x = (2tanh x)/(1 + tanh2x)

HALF ANGLE FORMULAS

x cosh x − 1
sinh =± [+ if x > 0, - if x < 0]
2 2
x cosh x + 1
cosh =
2 2
x cosh x − 1
tanh =± [+ if x > 0, - if x < 0]
2 cosh x + 1
sinh(x) cosh(x) − 1
= =
1 + cosh(x) sinh(x)

MULTIPLE ANGLE FORMULAS

sinh 3x = 3 sinh x + 4 sinh3 x

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cosh 3x = 4 cosh3 x — 3 cosh x

tanh 3x = (3 tanh x + tanh3 x)/(1 + 3 tanh2x)

sinh 4x = 8 sinh3 x cosh x + 4 sinh x cosh x

cosh 4x = 8 cosh4 x — 8 cosh2 x + 1

tanh 4x = (4 tanh x + 4 tanh3 x)/(1 + 6 tanh2 x + tanh4 x)

POWERS OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

sinh2 x = ½cosh 2x — ½

cosh2 x = ½cosh 2x + ½

sinh3 x = ¼sinh 3x — ¾sinh x

cosh3 x = ¼cosh 3x + ¾cosh x

sinh4 x = 3/8 - ½cosh 2x + 1/8cosh 4x

cosh4 x = 3/8 + ½cosh 2x + 1/8cosh 4x

SUM, DIFFERENCE AND PRODUCT OF HYPERBOLIC

FUNCTIONS

sinh x + sinh y = 2 sinh ½(x + y) cosh ½(x - y)

sinh x - sinh y = 2 cosh ½(x + y) sinh ½(x - y)

cosh x + cosh y = 2 cosh ½(x + y) cosh ½(x - y)

cosh x - cosh y = 2 sinh ½(x + y) sinh ½(x — y)

sinh x sinh y = ½(cosh (x + y) - cosh (x - y))

cosh x cosh y = ½(cosh (x + y) + cosh (x — y))

sinh x cosh y = ½(sinh (x + y) + sinh (x - y))

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EXPRESSION OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS IN TERMS OF

OTHERS

In the following we assume x > 0. If x < 0 use the appropriate sign as

indicated by formulas in the section "Functions of Negative Arguments"

~ sinhx = u coshx = u tanhx = u cothx = u sechx = u cschx =

u 1 1 − u2 1
sinhx u u2 − 1
1 − u2 u2 − 1 u u
1 u 1 1+u
coshx 1 + u2 u
1 − u2 u2 − 1 u u
u u2 − 1 1 1
tanhx u 1 − u2
1 + u2 u u 1+u
1 + u2 u 1 1
cothx u 1+u
u u2 − 1 u 1 − u2
1 1 u2 − 1 u
sechx 1 − u2 u
1 + u2 u u 1+u
1 1 1 − u2 u
cschx u2 − 1 u
u u2 − 1 u 1 − u2

GRAPHS OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

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y = sinh x y = cosh x

y = tanh x

y = coth x y = sech x

y = csch x

INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

If x = sinh y, then y = sinh-1 a is called the inverse hyperbolic sine of x.

Similarly we define the other inverse hyperbolic functions. The inverse

hyperbolic functions are multiple-valued and as in the case of inverse

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trigonometric functions we restrict ourselves to principal values for which

they can be considered as single-valued.

The following list shows the principal values [unless otherwise indicated] of

the inverse hyperbolic functions expressed in terms of logarithmic functions

which are taken as real valued.

sinh−1 x = ln(x + x2 + 1) −∞ < x < ∞

cosh−1 x = ln(x + x2 − 1) x ≥ l [cosh−1 x > 0 is principal value]

1 (1 + x)
tanh−1 x = ln −1 < x < 1
2 (1 − x)
1 (x + 1)
coth−1 x = ln x > 1 or x < −1
2 (x − 1)

1 1
sech−1 x = ln( + − 1 ) 0 < x ≤ l [sech−1 x > 0 is principal value]
x x2
1 1
csch−1 x = ln( + + 1) x =
0
x x2

RELATIONS BETWEEN INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

csch-1 x = sinh-1 (1/x)

sech-1 x = cosh-1 (1/x)

coth-1 x = tanh-1 (1/x)

sinh-1(-x) = -sinh-1x

tanh-1(-x) = -tanh-1x

coth-1 (-x) = -coth-1x

csch-1 (-x) = -csch-1x

GRAPHS OF INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

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y = sinh-1x y = cosh-1x y = tanh-1x

y = coth-1x

y = sech-1x

y = csch-1x

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HYPERBOLIC AND

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

sin(ix) = i sinh x cos(ix) = cosh x tan(ix) = i tanh x

csc(ix) = -i csch x sec(ix) = sech x cot(ix) = -i coth x

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sinh(ix) = i sin x cosh(ix) = cos x tanh(ix) = i tan x

csch(ix) = -i csc x sech(ix) = sec x coth(ix) = -i cot x

PERIODICITY OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

In the following k is any integer.

sinh (x + 2kπi) = sinh x csch (x + 2kπi) = csch x

cosh (x + 2kπi) = cosh x sech (x + 2kπi) = sech x

tanh (x + kπi) = tanh x coth (x + kπi) = coth x

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INVERSE HYPERBOLIC AND

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

sin-1 (ix) = isinh-1x sinh-1(ix) = i sin-1x

cos-1 x = ±i cosh-1 x cosh-1x = ±i cos-1x

tan-1(ix) = i tanh-1x tanh-1(ix) = i tan-1x

cot-1(ix) = -i coth-1x coth-1 (ix) = -i cot-1x

sec-1 x = ±i sech-1x sech-1 x = ±i sec-1x

csc-1(ix) = -i csch-1x csch-1(ix) = -i csc-1x

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