Establish and Maintain A Cash Account System
Establish and Maintain A Cash Account System
Establish and Maintain A Cash Account System
ADMAS UNIVERSITY
Learning Guide
Unit of Competence Establish and Maintain a Cash Accounting System
Module Title Establishing and Maintaining a Cash Accounting System
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the module “Establish and Maintain a Cash
Accounting System”. This learner’s guide was prepared to help you achieve
the required competence in “Accounts and Budget Support Level IV ”. This will
be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge attitude and skills in this
particular occupation with minimum supervision or help from your trainer.
is an amount the bank is willing to lend. This minimum balance that has to be
maintained in a bank is called compensating balance
The forms used by a business in connection with a bank account are: signature
card, deposit ticket, checks and record of checks drawn.
later time. More over , when checks are received from customers, they are
recorded as debits to cash, on the assumption that the customer has enough
money on deposit.
4. Records of checks drawn:- a memorandum record of the basic details of a
check should be prepared at the time the check is written. The record may
be a stub from which the check is detached or it may be a small booklet
designed to be kept with the check forms. Each type of record also provides
spaces for recording deposits and the current bank balance. Checks issued
to a creditor on account are usually accompanied by a notification of the
specific invoice that is being paid. The purpose of such notification some
times called a remittance advice. It helps to make sure that proper credit is
recorded in the accounts of the creditor. Mistakes are less likely to happen
and the possible need for exchange of correspondence is reduced.
Internal control of cash receipts
Department stores and other retail business as ordinarily receive cash from two
main sources.
1. Over the counter from cash customers
2. By mail from charge customer making payment on account
At the end of the business day, each sales check counts the cash in the assigned
cash drawer and records the amount on a memorandum from.
An employee from the cashiers department remove the cash register taper on
which total receipts were recorded from each cash drawer, counts the cash,
compares the total with the memorandum and the tape noting any difference.
The cash is then taken to the casher ‘s office and the tapes and memorandum
forms are forwarded to the accounting department, where they become the basis
for entries in the cash receipts journal
People who open incoming mail compare the amount of cash received with the
amount shown on the accompanying remittance advice (remittance notice) to be
certain that the two amounts agree. If there is no separate remittance advice, an
employee prepares one on a form designed for such use. All cash received, usually
in the form of checks and money orders, is sent to the cashiers department where
it is combined with the receipts from cash sales a deposit ticket is prepared.
The remittance advices are delivered to the accounting department, where they
become the basis for entries in the cash receipts journal and for posting to the
customers account in the subsidiary ledger
Petty Cash
As previously emphasized, adequate internal control over cash requires that all
cash received be deposited in the bank and all disbursements be made by check.
How ever, every business finds it convenient to have a small amount of cash on
hand with which to make small minnor expenditures.
In most business there is a frequent need for the payment of relatively small
amounts, such as for postage due , for transportation charges or for the purchase of
urgently needed supplies at a near by retail store.
Payment by check in such cases would result in delay, annoyance, and excessive
expense of maintaining the records. Because these small payments may occur
frequently and therefore, amounts to a considerable total sum, it is desirable to
retain close control over such payments. This may be done by maintaining a
special cash fund called petty cash.
In establishing the petty cash fund, the first step is to estimate the amount of cash
needed for disbursement of relatively small amounts during a certain period, such
as a week or a month
If a voucher system is used, a voucher is then prepared for this amount and it is
recorded in the voucher register as a debit to petty cash and a credit to account
TTLM Development Manual Date: September ,2017
Compiled by: Business & Finance Department
Training, Teaching and Learning Materials(TTLM)
payable i.e.
Petty cash ---------------------xx
Account payable -----------------------xx
However, the check drawn to pay the voucher is recorded in the check register as a
debit to account payable and credit to cash in bank i.e.
Account payable ------------------xx
Cash in bank--------------------------------xx
The money obtained from cashing the check is placed in the custody of a specific
employee (cashier) who is authorized to disburse the fund according to restrictions
as to maximum amount and purpose.
When the amount of money in the petty cash fund is reduced to the predetermined
minimum amount, the fund is replenished. Replenished the petty cash fund restores
it to its original amount. If the voucher system is used in replenishing the petty
cash fund, the accounts debited on the replenishing voucher are those indicated by
a summary of expenditures. The voucher is then recorded in the voucher register as
debit to various expenses and asset accounts and accredits to account payable.
If the petty cash fund is used for the purchase of office supplies, utility expenses,
store supplies etc, the entry will be:
The following example helps you to understand the recording system while the
petty cash fund is established and replenished.
Assume that a petty cash fund of Br. 200 was established on June 1 and that
payment total Br.174.95 was made from the fund during the next two weeks. Since
the Br. 200 originally placed in the fund is nearly exhausted, the fund therefore
should be replenished. To replenish petty cash fund means to replace the amount of
money that has been spent, thus, restoring the fund to its original amount. A check
is drawn payable to petty cash for the exact amount of the expenditure, Br. 174, 95.
This check is cashed and the money placed in the petty cash box.
The several entries to record establishment of the petty cash fund is shown as
follows.
The journal entry to record replenishment of petty cash fund is also shown as
follows (assume the petty cash is spent to purchase office supplies, for
transportation, portage and other miscellaneous expenses), therefore
Note that expense accounts are debited each time fund is replenished and the
petty cash account is debited only when the fund is first established. The petty
cash fund is usually replenished at the end of accounting period, even though the
fund is not running low.
* If the amount of cash actually received is greater than the amount of cash
shown in the record, the difference is said to be cash overage. If the amount of
cash actually recorded is less than the amount of cash shown - In the record, the
deference is said to be cash shortage
For example, if the actual cash received from daily sales is less the amount
indicated by the cash registered totally, the entry in the cash journal would be:
Cash in bank xx
Cash short and over xx
Sales xx
If, however, the actual cash received from daily sales is grater than the amount
indicated by the cash registered totally, the entry in the cash journal would be:
Cash in bank xx
Sales xx
Cash short & over xxx
TTLM Development Manual Date: September ,2017
Compiled by: Business & Finance Department
Training, Teaching and Learning Materials(TTLM)
If cash overage is found at the end of the fiscal period, it is revenue and may be
listed in the other income section of the income statement. However, if cash
shortage is found at the end of the period, it is an expense and may be included in
the miscellaneous administrative expense on the income statement.
The following example helps you to understand how to maintain a record when
ever cash short and over is occurred.
Example 1 .If the actual cash received from cash sales is Br. 4,577.60 for the day.
However the amount indicated by the cash register is Br. 4,550.76. Therefore, the
actual cash received is less than the amount indicated by the cash register by the
amount of Br. 3.16
Cash ---------------------------------4577.60
Cash short and over 3.16
Sales 4580.76
Example 2 If the actual cash received from cash sales for the day is Br. 5000 and
the amount indicated by the cash registered is Br. 4,850 there for ,the actual cash
received is greater than the amount in the cash registered by Br. 150. The entry to
show the above fact is :
Cash 5,000
Sales 4,850
Cash short and over 150
4.2.3 Bank statement
Banks usually maintain an original and a copy of all checking account transactions.
When this is done the original becomes the statement of account that is mailed to
the depositor, usually once each month. The bank statement shows the beginning
balance, checks and the debits (deduction by the bank), deposits and other
credits (added by the bank) and the ending balance. The depositor’s checks
received by the bank during the period may accompany the bank statement,
arranged in the order of payment. The paid or canceled checks are perforated or
stamped “paid” together with the date of payment.
4.2.4 Bank reconciliation
Bank reconciliation is a schedule explaining any difference between the balance
shown in the bank statement and the balance shown in the depositor’s account
records. Remember that both the bank and the depositor are maintaining
independent records of the deposits, the checks and the current balance of the
bank account each month the depositor should prepare a bank reconciliation to
verify that these independent sets of records are in agreement. Therefore, the
process of bringing the bank balance and the depositor’s balance in to agreement
is called Bank reconciliation
The balance shown in a monthly bank statement seldom equals the balance
appearing in the depositor’s accounting records. Certain transactions recorded by
the depositor may not have been recorded by the bank. The most common
examples are:
1. Outstanding checks: are checks issued and recorded by the company but
not yet presented to the bank for payment.
2. Deposit in transit: cash receipts recorded by the depositor, but which
reached the bank too late to be included in the bank statement for the
current month.
In addition, certain transactions appearing in the bank statement may not have
been recorded by the depositor. For example:
1. Service charges: banks often charge a fee for handling small accounts, the
amount of this charge usually depends up on both the average balance of
the account and the number of checks paid during the month.
2. Charges for depositing sufficient fund: when checks are deposited, the
bank increases (credits) the depositor’s account. On occasion, one of these
checks may prove to be un collectible, because the maker of the check does
not have sufficient funds in his or her account. In such case, the bank will
reduce the depositor’s account by the amount of this un collectible item
and return the check of the depositor marked “NSF”
The depositor should view an NSF check as an account receivable from the
maker of the check, not as cash. The accounting entry required consists of a
debit to the account receivable from the customer and a credit to cash.
3. Credit for interest earned: most banks offer some checking accounts which
earn interest. At month end, this interest is credited to the depositor’s
account and reported on the bank statement.
4. Miscellaneous bank charges and credits: banks charge for services such as
printing checks, handling collections of notes receivable, and processing
Non sufficient fund checks the bank deducts these changes from the
depositors account and notifies the depositor by including a debit
memorandum in the monthly bank statement
If the bank collects a note receivable on behalf of the depositor, it adds the
money to the depositor’s account and issues accredit memorandum. In bank
reconciliation, the balances shown in the bank statement and in the accounting
records both are adjusted for any un recorded transaction. Additional
adjustments may be required to correct any errors discovered in the bank
statement or in the accounting records.
Generally, to prepare a bank reconciliation, we determine those items which
make up the difference between the ending balance per the bank statement and
the balance of cash according to the depositor’s records. By listing and studying
these reconciling items we can determine the correct figure for cash owned.
Example 1
The July bank statement sent by the bank to ABC company shows a balance of
cash on deposit at July 31 of Br.5000.17. Assume that on July 31,assum the on July
31, ABC’s ledger shows a bank balance of Br. 4, 262. 83.
1. A deposit of Br 410. 90 made after banking hours and doesn’t appear in the
bank statement
2. For checks issued in July have not yet been paid by the bank (outstanding
checks). Theses checks are:
Check No date amount
801 June 15 Br. 100,00
888 July 24 Br. 10.25
890 July 27 Br. 402.50
891 July 30 Br. 205.00
3. Proceeds from collection of anon – interest bearing note receivable from
David. ABC company had left this note with the banks collection
department.
4. Br. 24.75 interest earned on average account balance during July
5. Br. 5,00 fee charged by bank for handling collection of note receivable
6. Br. 50.25 check from customer John deposited by ABC company charged
bank as Non sufficient fund (NSF)
7. Br. 12.00 service charged by bank for the month of July.
8. Check number 875 was issued July 20 in the amount of Br 85 but was
erroneously recorded in the cash payment Journal as Br 58 for payment of
telephone expense
ABC Company
Bank reconciliation
July 31, 2001
Activity four
1. The bank statement for XYZ Company for April 30 indicates a balance of Br.
10,443.11. The XYZ Company employs the voucher system in controlling
expenditures and disbursements. All cash receipts are deposited each evening in a
night depository, after banking hours. The accounting records indicate the
following summary data for cash receipts and disbursements for April
Cash in bank account
Balance as of April 1……………………..Br.5, 143.50
Cash receipts journal
Total cash receipts for April………………Br.28, 971.60
Check register
Total amount of checks issued in April……Br.26, 060.85
Comparison of the bank statement and the accompanying canceled checks and
memorandums with the records revealed the following reconciling items:
a. The bank had collected for XYZ Company Br. 912 on a note left for
collection. The face of the note was Br. 900
b. A deposit of Br. 1,852.21, representing receipts of April 30, had been
made too late to appear on the bank statement.
c. Checks outstanding totaled Br. 3,265.27
d. A check drawn for Br. 79 had been erroneously charged by the bank
as Br.97
e. A check for Br. 10 returned with the statement had been recorded in
the check register as Br. 100. The check was for the payment of an
obligation to Davis equipment company for the purchase of office
supplies on account
3. The bank had collected Br. 3090 on a note left for collection. the face of the
note was Br. 3000
4. A check for Br. 91 returned with the statement had been recorded
erroneously in the check register as Br. 19. The check was for the payment
of an obligation to ABC Company for the purchase of office equipment on
account.
5. A check drawn for Br. 55 had been erroneously charged by the bank as Br.
550
6. Bank service charges for June amounts to Br. 40.75
Instructions:
a. Prepare a bank reconciliation
b. Record the necessary entries in general journal form