IP 72 Activity, Ac = = = 1.44 %clay 50 The mineral is active, so it will most probably be montmorillonite.
5. (a)
Vv e = Vs
or Vv = e.Vs But V = Vv + Vs = e.Vs + Vs = Vs(1 + e)
V ∴ Vs = 1+ e Substituting numerical values, we have
3.3 × 105 3 Vs = m = 1.5 × 105 m3 1+ 1.20 If V′ represents the volume of fill having a void ratio of 0.70 that can be filled up with a soil having Vs = 1.5 × 105 m3, then
A plane inclined at an angle θ = 45° to the horizontal plane is represented by the radius making are angle 2θ with the σ axis. The state of stress is represented by Point ‘P’
σ1 − σ 3 P= 2 = Normal stress,
σ1 + σ3 and = Shear stress. 2
7. (c) Skempton’s B-parameter is given by
1 B = C 1+ n v Cs
Cv is volume compressibility of pore fluid under isotropic conditions
Cs is the coefficient of compressibility of the soil skeleton n is porosity In a fully saturated soil, the compressibility of the pore water (Cv) is negligible compred with the compressibility of the soil mass (Cs). Therefore, the ratio (Cv/Cs) tends to zero and the coefficient B becomes equal to unity. In a partially saturated soil, the compressibility of the air in the voids is high. The ratio (Cv/Cs) has a value greater than unity, and, therefore, the pore pressure coefficient B has a value of less than unity.
9. (d)
Kp will be the ratio of passive to active earth pressure. Ka
Ka H 1 − sin φ K 2 1 + sin30o = o =9 1 − sin30
10. (a) 2 Sf Bf Bp + 0.3 = × Sp Bp Bf + 0.3 2 40 B 0.3 + 0.3 = f × 20 0.3 B f + 0.3 Bf = 724 mm Bf 724 Now, qnf = qup B = 22 × 300 = 53.09 t/m2 p
13. (a)
4 Since it is a case of double drainage path thus d = =2m 2 for U = 70% of total settlement Tv = 1.781 – 0.933 log10 (100 – U) = 1.781 – 0.933 log10 (100 – 70) = 0.403
Tvd2 0.403 × (200)2
⇒ Cv = ⇒t= t 0.03 = 537.33 × 103 min = 373 days 14. (b) Depth of tension crack,
⇒ IP = 30% Also, IP = Wl – WP ⇒ Wl = 30 + 25 = 55%
17. (c) H Kv = H1 H2 H3 + + K1 K 2 K3
9 = = 1.33 × 10–3 cm/s 3 2 4 + + 3 × 10−3 6.5 × 10−2 7 × 10−4 For continuity of flow, velocity is the same ∆h ∆h K3 ⋅ = K V ⋅ total , L H where ∆htotal = total head loss in three layers ∆h H ∴ ∆htotal = K3 ⋅ ⋅ L Kv 0.50 9 = 7 × 10 −4 × × = 1.184 m 2 1.33 × 10−3
Gγ w ∵ γd = 1+ e 2.68 × 1000 ⇒ 1769.565 = 1+ e ⇒ e = 0.51 ∴ Void ratio, e = 0.51 e Porosity n = = 0.338 1+ e m w 2290 − 2035 Water content w = = = 0.125 md 2035 m md = 1+ w 2290 ⇒ 2035 = 1+ w ⇒ w = 0.125 ∴ wG = es 0.125 × 2.68 ⇒ =s 0.51 ⇒ s = 0.657 ∴ Degree of saturation = 0.66 Air content, =1–s = 1 – 0.657 = 0.343
28. (c) Let VA, Vv, Vw, Vs and V be the volume of air voids, volume of void , volume of water, volume of sand and total volume of the original sample respectively.
Va V ⇒ V = Vs + Vw + Va, na = , a c = a and V = V + V V Vv v w a
New volume, VN = Vs + Vw + Va + Vw + Va Volume of voids get doubled after remoulding and this increased volume is observed in the volume of air voids only as the water content is not changing. ⇒ VN = V + Vw + Va
New volume of air voids
New percentage air void = New volume
V 1 1+ v 1+ Va + (Vw + Va ) Va + Vv Va ac = = = = V + (Vw + Va ) V + Vv V V 1 1 + v + Va Va na a c
na (1 + a c ) = na + a c
29. (a) Allowable load as per Engineering news for mula with a factor of safety of 6
1 Whηn 1 22.5 × (1.2 × 100) × 1
Qu = = 6 S+c 6 1.25 + 0.254 = 299.2 kN ≈ 300 kN C for steam hammer = 0.254 cm W = weight of hammer (kN) h = height of fall (cm) S = Penetration of pile per hammer flow (cm)
