Naga City Science High School

Balatas, Naga City

HAND-OPERATED AND MODIFIED GENERATOR (HOMGEN):

CONVERTING ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY
TO MECHANICAL ENERGY

A Quantitative Research presented to the Faculty

of Naga City Science High School.5 4 r4
Balatas, Naga City, Bicol

in partial fulfilment of the requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH

Aliniante, Ian Loueli V.

Cervaño, Michael Jamil M.
De los Santos, Milrose B.
Pastoral, Benjhun E.
Peñas, Emmanuel Jr. I.
Samar, Raymund V.
San Jose, Abraham P.

Grade 11- Flatback

Ms. Jennifer Micaller

March 2020
 LIST OF FIGURES

1. Flowchart Of Methodology Research

2. Schematic Diagram of HOMGen

3. Exterior Representation of HOMGen

4. Conceptual Framework Paradigm

LIST OF TABLES

1. Preliminary List of Materials

2. Comparison Betweenthe Induced Voltage of HOMGen

3. Comparison between the Induced Current of HOMGen

4. Capacitance of HOMGen

5. CASURECO II and HOMGen Comparison Table for Charging Time

6. CASURECO II and HOMGen Comparison Table for Battery Life

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research was conducted to create and test the research device HOMGen:

Hand Operated and Modified Generator. We are grateful to a number of persons and

establishment that encourages us and help us with their help and participation.

We have taken all of our efforts in this project. However, this project would not

have been possible without the kind support of many individuals and establishment. We

would like to extend our sincere thanks to all of them.

We would like to express our gratitude to Mrs. Jennifer Micaller for this golden

opportunity to build and fulfil this project, as well as to Sleepadz and Kiddiepadz

establishments for giving us the convenient place to work on for our project. For every

parent who gave us their fullest support and consent on working the entire project. We

are grateful.

Next, we want to convey our sincere thanks and gratitude especially to Naga City

Science High School (NCSHS) ran by School Principal II Mr. Erwin Delos Reyes for

having us to work in this project and for our family and friends who never get tired of

giving suggestions and critiques that helped us conducting our study. And above all, to

the almighty God. Thank you for giving us a clear mind and strength to finish and come

up with this study. To God be the glory.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION………………………………………………....………1

1.1 Background of the Study……………………………………….….….………3

1.2 Statement of the Problem…………………….………………….……...….…3

1.3 Significance of the Study…………………………………………...…………4

1.4 Scope and Delimitation..………...………………………………….…...……5

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK…………………………..…….……….7

2.1 .Related Literature…………………………………………...……...…………7

2.2 Related Studies………………………………………….………………...…...7

2.3 Research Gap……………………...…………………………………………12

2.4 Conceptual Framework………………………………..………………..……12

2.5 Research Hypothesis………………………………………………..……..…13

2.6 Definition of Terms…………………………………………….…..………...13

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY……………………………………………….……..15

3.1 Research Design………….………………………………………….……….15

 3.2. The Sample…………………………………………………………….……17

3.3 The Instrument………………………………………………………….…...17

3.4 Intervention………………………………………….………………….…...22

3.5 Data Collection Procedure………...…………………………………..……..22

3.6 Plan for Data Analysis………………………………………………..……...23

BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………….……..…………………….…..28
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

The invention of generator made a huge impact throughout the human history and

helped the world in providing extra and sufficient source of energy. Generator is a

standalone device that converts motive power (mechanical energy) into electrical power

for use in an external circuit in case of power from local grid is unavailable. Starting with

the Faraday disk, the first electromagnetic generator was invented in 1831 by British

scientist Michael Faraday and became the foundation and standard for the modified and

modern generator 432that has been used for many years until now. The use of personal

generators has become common and crucial on the modern day for it solves multiple

problems; an example is on to what to do if a black-out or power outages occurs.

“Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in a stretched or compressed elastic

material such as spring. For example, the spring on the handle of a pinball machine has

more energy when compressed than when in a relaxed position,” (Science Links: Physics

IV, 2012). This type of energy can be applied on many things like toys, shock absorbers

on vehicles, and many more. Springs are also used on powerful weapons like guns

wherein springs are used to propel the bullet using the pin connected to it. So, what if we

use elasticity as a source of mechanical energy?

Mechanical energy is common. It can be seen and was applied on vehicles and

appliances. Most of the modern devices are using mechanical energy. Whenever

mechanical energy is observed, expect that this involves motors. Motors or dynamos are

simple machines that produce motion or power for doing work. It rotates in order to
 convert mechanical energy into electricity

or vice versa. There are two types of motors: AC (Alternating Current) and DC

(Direct Current) motor. Each is used in different ways but both have the ability to convert

mechanical energy to electrical energy. This simple machine can be found on appliances

or devices which includes washing machines, cars, and generators.ll

Ln

Numerous types of generator with different features and ways to generate

electricity have already been invented because it is important to be innovative on

generating electricity. Having your own electricity making generator comes with a lot of

profit. The research device (HOMGen) is an invention with the intent of generating

electricity to be put to use as an alternative source of electricity on the times of need for

electricity or the main source of electricity of one device or appliance. The research

device has a simple process because of its features, just by rotating the knob of the

device; its system will automatically run and produce electricity, the only course of action

need is the manual rotation of the knob.The parts that make up the HOMGen are

assemblage of different things. The exterior parts of HOMGen is a timer originally found

in a grandfather clock and the cover that protects the interior parts, this timer is manually

rotated in order to make the HOMGen run and convert electricity. The interior parts

consist of DC motor, capacitors, wires, resistors, regulators, switch, dynamo, batteries,

and mechanism from a grandfather-clock; like gears, frame, stoppers, mainspring,

pendulum, etc.
1.1 Background of the Study

Generators became known because of its ability to generate electricity. But

several places and households have a problem or lack of electricity supply. Nowadays,

several power plants are constructed in order to provide the needs of the growing

population of humans. These acts cause not only conversion of forests or plantations into

establishments but additional pollution because of the mining of coal used in the plants

and the smoke it emits once coal is burned. And because humans commonly use

electricity from plants, electricity demand also increases. Generators can be also be

driven by human muscle power. Human powered direct current generators are

commercially available, and have been the project of DIY enthusiasts. Typically operated

by means of pedal power, a converted bicycle trainer, or a foot pump, such generators can

be practically used to charge batteries, and in some cases are designed with an integral

inverter. But the researchers found another possible source of mechanical energy to run a

generator and that is the elastic potential energy in a grandfather clock mainspring. The

researchers found out that grandfather clocks’ interior part has the right systems and

mainspring to generate good bit of electricity by disassembling its part and constructing it

right up at a right composition thus making the research device HOMGen.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

 Multiple types of generator have been invented with different kinds of methods,

all with the same objective to generate electricity on the times it is most essential. Being

innovative by generating power by such devices may provide low-cost electricity for

lighting or powering other type of appliances especially for those who lives in rural area.

The HOMGen has a particular and unique method to generate and store electricity. This

study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. How much electricity is induced if the machine knob is rotated:

a. One time

b. Three times

c. Five times

2. What is the maximum capacity of electricity stored in the battery and how

many rotation of knob does it need?

3. Is there a significant difference between the electricity induced by the

HOMGen and the electricity from local electric distribution utilities?

1.3 Significance of the Study

This study was substantial to the: Users/Operators, Environment, Present and

Future Researchers.

Users/Operators: The HOMGen would provide cheaper electricity to the users.

Operators/users will not be exposed to harmful chemicals, gases, or substances that may

result to health problems. The device will even be ready to use in case of any

emergencies like power interruptions.

 Community: If the study become successful and is upgraded, then it could lessen

the consumption of non-renewable energy that is very expensive especially during

mining. It could give unemployed persons a new job especially in its production. It is also

more convenient to use especially during calamities wherein it is hard to find a source of

fuel and/or sunlight in order to run a normal generator or gather energy.

Academe: The study can benefit both students and teachers in the future because

the output could be used as a model to larger projects of the students that is related to the

study. The students could also think of related ideas that could improve the output device

thus, could help improve one's intellect.

Environment: The device could help lessen the pollution, specifically tech junk,

because the researchers had planned to use second-hand and/or scrap electronic material.

Present and Future Researchers: This study could give new ideas to both

present and future researchers wherein they could think of new application/s of this

device. The study can also be used by other researchers by means of modifying it or

adding additional features to it.

1.4 Scope and Delimitation

This study talks about the application of the conversion of elastic potential energy

to electrical energy through the research device HOMGen. The HOMGen will be the

main focus of this study, this study will focus on the parts and properties, function, output

produced (electricity produced), and the different factors that should be consider on the
research device. Various devices such as cellphone, flashlight, camera/video camera, etc.

will test the HOMGen.

It delimits that the study may not be generalized to other generators as an

alteration or remodeling of the other types of electricity producing device such hand-

crank, turbines, combustion engine, etc. the researcher used the mainspring of a

grandfather clock due to its compatibility of its mechanism.

 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter was aimed to give the researchers some ideas about the field that

they tried to study. It is composed of the related literatures and studies and the research

gap to show some flaws of the chapter. The conceptual framework was aimed to help the

researchers on what they are going to go through throughout the study.

2.1 Related Literature

Elastic potential energy is energy stored as a result of applying a force to deform

an elastic object. Energy is stored until the force is removed and the object springs back

to its original shape while doing work on the process. This deformation could be because

of compression, stretching, or twisting the object.

According to Robert Hooke (1660), for relatively small deformations of an object,

the displacement or size of deformation is directly proportional to the deforming size or

load. Hooke experimented with springs because he thought it must be possible to design a

clock or stopwatch which used a circular spring in place of a pendulum for regular time-

keeping. Hooke’s law reflects how pulling on a spring stretches the springy bonds

between atoms, which can bounce back into place.

The law opens up several uses of elasticity. Because of this, several elastic

materials are invented such as rubber bands, balloons, and springs which come in several
 sizes and elastic limits. One of the most useful especially when it comes to

machineries is different kinds of springs.

On several kinds of springs, mainsprings are the most common used in terms of

rotating devices. One of its uses is in clocks. This concept was then applied to dryer

machine timers and other appliances. The main spring is used in a way that it acts like a

counterweight whenever the timer is rotated by bare hands. But, the deflection is slowed

by several stopper mechanisms and the work done makes the gears rotate in a slower but

constant rate that is intended to make the dryer run for a given time, say 15 minutes.

Man Powered Devices and Generators

On the other hand, whenever current interruptions occur, generators of several

kinds become useful. Generators are devices that can convert motive power, also known

as mechanical energy, into electrical energy which can be used in an external circuit.

These are already known as early as 1831 by the British scientist Michael Faraday. He

invented the first ever electromagnetic generator which he called the Faraday’s disk.

Though most of the invented generators are run by fuel, some was able to find

another source of mechanical energy. Sotsass, O. (1969) stated that hand-operated

devices have been used for millennia. Digital equipment is one of the main drivers behind

the quickly growing energy use of modern office work. This is advantageous because

unlike fossil fuels, human power is always available, no matter what season or time it is

of the day. Unlike fossil fuels, human power can be a clean energy source and its

potential increases as the human population grows. The 1C G-67 direct current hand

crank generator was developed by the Communications-Electronics Command (CECOM)

which utilized permanent magnet alternator technology and a harmonic drive with a

100:1 step-up gear ratio to provide high rotational speeds for the alternator’s rotor

(1970s). During the late 1980s to early 1990s, the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL)

developed the G-67B/G as a successor to the 1C G-67. The G-67B/G employed the same

basic principles of operation used by its predecessor but it still had some differences in

accordance with the design. It is said by Allmon & Hopkins (1994) that the limited

production runs of the G-67B/G were completed in 1991 and 1994, and this generator is

still used as part of the OP-177 (V) 1/U Special Operations Power Supply Kit.

In order to provide a source of portable field power when traditional electrical

sources were unavailable, hand crank generators were developed by the military.

Wikipedia (2019) said that human powered direct current generators have been the

project of DIY enthusiasts. This generators are either run by means of pedal power, a

converted bicycle trainer, or a foot or hand pump that are practically used to charge

batteries. Some designs are also designed with an integral inverter. Portable crank radio

receivers are made to reduce the use of batteries. In the mid-20th century, pedal powered

radios were used to provide needs in remote stations and towns in Australia.

From Cover Story (2010), one of the outcomes in the production of machinery

and processes include an array of new drilling machines. These human-powered tools

were not only a vast improvement over those that come before them, they also had many

advantages in comparison to the power drills that we use today.

2.2 Related Studies

Man Powered Generators

Carl Nowiszewski and Prof. David Gordon Wilson (1980) designed a human

powered generator which when built will serve as an auxiliary control function in a sail

boat in an Atlantic crossing. The energy was primarily for automatic steering while the

pilot sleep and the pedaling was a way of keeping warm and avoid boredom. The

overwhelming problem with the design was the cramped quarters which Nowiszewski

eventually solved.

A human powered generator using recumbent bicycle technology for use in a sail

boat using 6061-T6 aluminium was designed by George Alexander Holt III in 1988. The

human power requirement was 120 W at 75 rpm.

In June 2000, High Tide Associates of Palto Alto, CA submitted a proposal

entitled “Manually Cranked Battery Charger that led to the development of the Palm

Power energy harvesting system in a cooperative effort between High tide Associates and

the US Army Communications-Electronics Research, Development, and Engineering

Center (CERDEC). Additional funding provided by US Special Operations Command

(SOCOM) led to the development and delivery of 12 Palm Power laboratory model

prototypes where four of these units were the focus of system characterization tests at

Fort Belvoir during the past year (Moyers et al., 2004).

Harsh Mankodi from University of Minnesota (2012, June 30. Pages 19 & 52)

decided to design, build, and evaluate a treadmill generator system that charges a heavy
duty electrical battery in his Analysis of a Treadmill Based Human Power Electricity

Generator. Further, the power output of the prototype was to be quantified at various

speeds and different angles of inclination. The device was able to generate up to 140 W

with the efficiency of 37.9% or more.

2.3 Related Studies on Elastic Potential Energy

Elastic potential energy is energy stored as a result of applying a force to deform

an elastic object. The energy is stored until the force is removed and the object springs

back to its original shape, doing work in the process. The deformation could involve

compressing, stretching or twisting the object.

Hooke’s law and elasticity we discuss how real springs only obey Hooke’s law

over some particular range of applied force. Some elastic materials such as rubber bands

and flexible plastics can function as springs but often have hysteresis; this means the

force vs. extension curve follows a different path when the material is being deformed

compared to when it is relaxing back to its equilibrium position.(Khanacademy, 2016)

Guanlin Liu, et. al (2015) showed in their study “Notepad-like Triboelectic

Generator for Efficiently Harvesting Low-Velocity Motion Energy by Interconvention

between Kinetic Energy and Elastic Potential Energy” a notepad-like structure to

generate elastic deformation so as to turn a low-velocity kinetic energy into high-

velocity kinetic energy through the conversion of elastic energy distinguished from the

tribogenerators. The short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage, and power density are

250 µA and 470 V and 9.86 W/m2, respectively, which is powerful enough to light up
hundreds of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and charge a commercial capacitor. Besides,

NTEGs have been successfully applied to self-powered door monitor.

2.4 Research Gap

The researchers were not able to find any closely related literature and study to

their study. By this, they concluded that the study was a first and nobody has performed

or conducted an experiment or study that has a similarity to their study.

2.5 Conceptual Framework

This study focuses on the application of elastic potential energy stored in

grandfather clock machine timers to run a DC motor in order to generate current and

voltage. The induced voltage and current will then be measured and tested and will be

used to know how long can it run a given load.

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework Paradigm

The paradigm shows that a hand operated and modified generator will be

designed and built. The timer will be turned and the output voltage and current of each
 turn will then be measured using a multi tester. A load, specifically a cellphone, will be

charged using the generator to know if the electricity is sufficient to charge a load.

After the analysis, the number of turns required will be computed to reach the

maximum capacitance of the generator using the gathered data. This will prove that

elastic potential energy can indeed be converted into mechanical energy to produce

electricity.

2.6 Research Hypothesis

● HO: There is no significant difference between the induced electricity even if

the number of knob rotation differs.

● HO: The battery will not be able to store electricity and the maximum number of

knob rotation will not be identified by the researchers.

● HO: There is no significant difference between the electricity induced by the

HOMGen and the electricity from local electric distribution utilities.

2.7 Definition of Terms

To have a comprehensible understanding of the meaning of the terms used

in this study, the terms are defined in terms of its operational definition.

Capacitance. Ability of the device to store electricity that is measured by farad (F).

Current. Is the rate at which charge is moving and is measured by amperes (A).
Direct Current (DC). That is an electric current that is flowing in one direction only.

Dynamo. Is a machine that produces electricity.

Elasticity. Refers to the property of matter specifically on solids to be return to its

original shape after being stretched, compressed, and twitched several times.

Electricity. Is the presence and flow of electric charge.

HOMGen. Is the name of the output of this study which means Hand-Operated and

Modified Generator.

Generator. Is a device that can induce even a small amount of electricity.

Induce. Means produced or created.

Load. Refers to the device connected in the circuit that consumes the electricity. For an

example in this study, the load is the flashlight.

Mainspring. Is a spiral spring that is used in winding clocks, toy cars, timers, and other

rotating devices.

Mechanical Energy. Is the energy associated with the motion and position of an object.

Voltage. Is known as the difference in charge between two points.

 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the research design, the sample, the instruments, the

intervention, the data collection procedure, and the plan for data analysis.

3.1 Research Design

Figure 1. Flowchart Of Methodology Research

Collection and Preparation of
Materials

Development of Research Instrument

Trial Testing – conversion of elastic energy to

mechanical energy to generate electricity

Measuring the induced Determining and computing Testing the capability

voltage and current by the number of turns and of the device to run
rotations of knob length of time it takes for and comparing it to
the capacitance of the local electric
device to be full distribution utilities
electricity

Data Treatment and Collection (Sampling Design)

Presentation of Results and Data

Analysis
 This study uses an experimental research design where the researcher conducted

an experimental procedure necessary to give answer to the research problems and test the

HOMGen’s capability to generate electricity and power-up various devices and

equipment.

The researchers start with collecting and preparingp0 materials for the parts and

systems of the HOMGen. Then the researchers develop the HOMGen by constructing the

right composition of the mainspring and gears to run the DC motor. When the HOMGen

is constructed the researcher will test it with a multi-tester to apprehend how much

electricity is induced and applying the induced electricity to the sample.

In testing the HOMGen, the researcher will measure the induced voltage and

current by number of rotations of the knob by utilizing a multi-tester, and determining

how many rotations of the knob is required in order to maximize the interior battery in

the HOMGen. The researcher will also compare the induced electricity of the

HOMGen to the local electric distribution utility, Camarines Sur Electric Cooperative

II (CASURECO II), by fully charging devices and testing if there is a difference

between the time that the devices will be completely drain. After the experiments were

conducted, the researchers quantified the data gathered that helps them arrive to the

comprehensive discussion of the obtained data.

3.2 The Sample

The researcher wants to test how much electricity can be induced by the research

device HOMGen and to examine if the electricity induced from the device is different

from the local electric distribution utility CASURECO II.

Using a multi-tester, the researcher will be able to measure the electricity

produced by the HOMGen. Various devices will be tested within the capacity of

HOMGen such as Cellphones, LED flashlight torch, DLSR camera, and rechargeable

fans to test if the electricity induced by the HOMGen is applicable and to test if there is a

difference between the electricity from the local electric distribution utility which is

CASURECO II.

3.3 The Instruments

In order to do the instrument, the researchers built the device frame first. To do

so, a cube was made using the large plywood. The back face of the cube was connected

with the hinge. One hole was drilled on the front face; one for the timer which would

be on the center while two holes were drilled on the top for the wires. Then, a hole was

drilled on the timer near its fastest moving gear enough for the geared motor to fit in

and reach the side of the gear. Inside the cube, the capacitor was attached to the center

part. The diode was placed near the gears. The LED and switch will be placed on top of

the cube. All the components will then be connected using the electrical wires by

following the schematic diagram on the next page:

 Figure 2: Schematic Diagram of HOMGen

1ft or 30.48cm

Hardiflex

1ft or 30.48cm

Knob

1ft or 30.48cm

Figure 3 : Exterior Representation of HOMGen

 Right after, the researchers will conduct an experiment to know the amount of

electricity produced by the HOMGen and its efficiency. The experiment will make use of

measuring tools such as multi-tester to measure the induced voltage and current of the

device. To test the efficiency of the device, the measured induced voltage by the

HOMGen will be utilized in order to compute the total time needed for the said

appliances to be fully charged. The researchers will then compare the output electricity of

the device to the electricity coming from the common outlet by having a simple setup.

The setup will be consisted of the fully charged appliances using the HOMGen and the

common outlet as a power source. Both of the appliances (charged with HOMGen and

common outlet) will be used at the same time and observe if the device that was charged

by the HOMGen will last as the device that was charged in the common outlet. As we

conduct the experiment the researchers will use these materials:

Table 1. Preliminary List of Materials

Materials Quantity Specification

L-Bar
 Hardiflex

Grandfather
clock’s
mainspring
mechanism

Geared DC
motor

Gears
 Rechargeable
battery

Rectifier Diode

Electrical Wires

Screw

Outlet
 Regulator
(Transistor)

3.4 Intervention

There will be two setups in order to compare the efficiency of the HOMGen. The

first setup (controlled) will be consisted of a common outlet connected on a local electric

corporation or the common electricity lines on establishments and homes. Another will

be the experimental setup or the device itself. Both setups will have to charge two

identical loads within the same amount of time. Then, the battery life of the loads will be

recorded as to how long does it last before its respective batteries got drained.

3.5 Data Collection Procedure

To solve the first problem, the researchers made a hand-operated and modified

generator using the elastic potential energy on grandfather’s clock mainspring as

source of mechanical energy. The elastic potential energy on the mainspring of the

timer will run the gears of the timer that will be connected to the gear in the motor.

Thus, the elastic potential energy would be converted to mechanical energy. In order to

determine how much voltage and current can the generator induce, the researchers

measured the induced voltage and current on different numbers of consecutive turns.

The results will then be summed up and divided by the total number of turns ending up
 with two means. A load (LED) is added to the circuit in order to know if the generator

can run simple loads. But before this, the researchers decided to determine the number

of turns and/or time it will take for the capacitance of the device to be full first through

computations. This will address the thirdproblem.

3.6 Plan for Data Analysis

The statistical data gathered from each experiment will be organized, tabulated,

and analyzed systematically according to different variables present in the study. The

five different numbers of consecutive turns of the timer are the independent variable in

the first problem, which will affect the induced amount of voltage and the induced

amount of current which are the dependent variable being tested in this problem. The

researchers will identify the relationship between the variables in which the number of

rotation would be on the X axis and either the voltage or current induced on the Y axis.

This will be using the formula for finding the correlation coefficient. The table below

will be used for the purpose of tabulation of the data gathered from the experiment

done.

r =n ¿ ¿
Correlation Coefficient Formula

Table 2. Comparison Betweenthe Induced Voltage of HOMGen

HAND OPERATED AND MODIFIED GENERATOR(HOMGEN)

NUMBER OF VOLTAGE x2 y2 Xy
 INDUCED
ROTATION
(V)
OF KNOB (x)
(y)
1

5
∑(x2)=______ ∑(y2)=______ ∑(xy)=______
∑(x)=______ ∑(y)=_____

Table 3. Comparison between the Induced Current of HOMGen

HAND OPERATED AND MODIFIED GENERATOR(HOMGEN)

NUMBER OF CURRENT
ROTATION INDUCED
X2 Y2 XY
OF KNOB (V)
(X) (Y)
1

5
∑(x2)=______ ∑(y2)=______ ∑(xy)=______
∑(x)=______ ∑(y)=_____

The HOMGen’s interior consist a battery with a set amount of voltage and

current it can hold in order to store induced electricity .The data that will be gathered in

order to solve the second problem in which the maximum number of rotation, voltage,
current and the time consumed in fully charging the battery of the device will be

recorded, the independent variable being tested will is the amount of rotations which

affect the induced amount of Voltage and Current and the time consumed to fully charge

the battery , utilizing the table below:

Table 4. Capacitance of HOMGen

HAND OPERATED AND MODIFIED GENERATOR (HOMGEN): CAPACITY

NUMBER OF TIME
VOLTAGE (V) CURRENT (Ω)
ROTATION CONSUMED

The HOMGen induces electricity like every other generator, the researcher

wants to test if the induced electricity by the HOMGen has any difference with the

electricity from the local electric distribution utility CASURECO II. The researcher will

measure the amount of time in minutes on how much time it takes to fully charge and

the battery life of the devices given in the sample.

( x 1−x 2) −( μ1−μ 2)
t=
√❑
Independent T-test Formula
 Independent T-test will be used to know if the null hypothesis will be rejected or

accepted. In the experiment the researcher will utilize the given devices in the sample

and tabulated using the table below:

Table 5. CASURECO II and HOMGen Comparison Table for Charging Time

CHARGHING TIME
DEVICE
LOCAL HOMGEN
(Comparison) (Experimental)
A

AVERAGE (x)

STANDARD
DEVIATION

Table 6: CASURECO II and HOMGen Comparison Table for Battery Life

BATTERY LIFE

DEVICE
LOCAL HOMGEN

(Comparison) (Experimental)
 A

AVERAGE (x)

STANDARD
DEVIATION