DETAILS OF CORONA VIRUS

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April 20,
2020

What is corona virus

Corona viruses are a large family of viruses which may cause illness in animals or
humans. In humans, several coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections
ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The most recently
discovered coronavirus causes coronavirus disease COVID-19.

What is COVID-19
COVID-19 is the infectious disease
caused by the most recently discovered
corona virus. This new virus and
disease were unknown before the
outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in
December 2019.

The most common symptoms of

COVID-19 are fever, tiredness, and dry
cough. Some patients may have aches
and pains, nasal congestion, runny
nose, sore throat or diarrhea. These
symptoms are usually mild and begin
gradually. Some people become infected but don’t develop any symptoms and don't feel
unwell. Most people (about 80%) recover from the disease without needing special
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treatment. Around 1 out of every 6 people who gets COVID-19 becomes seriously ill and
develops difficulty breathing. Older people, and those
with underlying medical problems like high blood
pressure, heart problems or diabetes, are more likely
to develop serious illness. People with fever, cough
and difficulty breathing should seek medical
attention.

How does COVID-19 spread

People can catch COVID-19 from others who have
the virus. The disease can spread from person to
person through small droplets from the nose or
mouth which are spread when a person with COVID-
19 coughs or exhales. These droplets land on objects
and surfaces around the person. Other people then
catch COVID-19 by touching these objects or
surfaces, then touching their eyes, nose or mouth.
People can also catch COVID-19 if they breathe in
droplets from a person with COVID-19 who coughs
out or exhales droplets. This is why it is important to
stay more than 1 meter (3 feet) away from a person
who is sick.
Can the virus that causes COVID-19 be transmitted through the air?

Studies to date suggest that the virus that causes COVID-19 is mainly transmitted
through contact with respiratory droplets rather than through the air. See previous
answer on “How does COVID-19 spread?”
Can CoVID-19 be caught from a person who has no symptoms?

The main way the disease spreads is through respiratory droplets expelled by someone
who is coughing. The risk of catching COVID-19 from someone with no symptoms at all is
very low. However, many people with COVID-19 experience only mild symptoms. This is
particularly true at the early stages of the disease. It is therefore possible to catch COVID-
19 from someone who has, for example, just a mild cough and does not feel ill.
Can I catch COVID-19 from the feces of someone with the disease?

The risk of catching COVID-19 from the feces of an infected person appears to be low.
While initial investigations suggest the virus may be present in feces in some cases,
spread through this route is not a

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main feature of the outbreak. The ongoing research on the ways COVID-19 is spread and
will continue to share new findings. Because this is a risk, however, it is another reason to
clean hands regularly, after using the bathroom and before eating.

What can I doto protect myself and prevent the spread

of disease

Protection measures for everyone

Stay aware of the latest information on the COVID-19 outbreak, available on the
national,state and local public health authority. Many countries around the world have
seen cases of COVID-19 and several have seen outbreaks. Authorities in China and some
other countries have succeeded in slowing or stopping their outbreaks. However, the
situation is unpredictable so check regularly for the latest news.

You can reduce your chances of being infected or spreading COVID- 19 by taking some
simple precautions:
· Regularly and thoroughly clean
your hands with an alcohol- based
hand rub or wash them with soap
and water. Why? Washing your hands
with soap and water or using alcohol-
based hand rub kills viruses that may
be on your hands.
· Maintain at least 1 metre (3 feet)
distance between yourself and
anyone who is coughing
or sneezing. Why? When someone
coughs or sneezes they spray small
liquid droplets from their nose or
mouth which may contain virus. If you
are too close, you can breathe in the
droplets, including the COVID-19 virus if
the person coughing has the disease.
· Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth. Why? Hands touch many
surfaces and can pick up viruses. Once contaminated, hands can transfer the virus to
your eyes, nose or mouth. From there, the virus can enter your body and can make you
sick.
· Make sure you, and the people around you, follow good respiratory hygiene. This
means covering your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you cough or
sneeze. Then

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dispose of the used tissue immediately. Why? Droplets spread virus. By
following good respiratory hygiene you protect the people around you from viruses such
as cold, flu and COVID-19.
· Stay home if you feel unwell. If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing,
seek medical attention and call in advance. Follow the directions of your local
health authority. Why? National and local authorities will have the most up to date
information on the situation in your area. Calling in advance will allow your health care
provider to quickly direct you to the right health facility. This will also protect you and
help prevent spread of viruses and other infections.
· Keep up to date on the latest COVID-19 hotspots (cities or local areas where COVID-
19 is spreading widely). If possible, avoid traveling to places – especially if you are an
older person or have diabetes, heart or lung disease. Why? You have
a higher chance of catching COVID-19 in one of these areas.

Protection measures for persons who are in or have recently visited (past 14
days) areas where COVID-19 is spreading

o Follow the guidance outlined above (Protection measures for everyone)

o Self-isolate by staying at home if you begin to feel unwell, even with mild symptoms
such as headache, low grade fever (37.3 C or above) and slight runny nose, until you
recover. If it is essential for you to have someone bring you supplies or to go out, e.g. to
buy food, then wear a mask to avoid infecting other people.
Why? Avoiding contact with others and visits to medical facilities will allow these facilities
to operate more effectively and help protect you and others from possible COVID-19 and
other viruses.
o If you develop fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical advice promptly as
this may be due to a respiratory infection or other serious condition. Call in advance and
tell your provider of any recent travel or contact with travelers. Why? Calling in
advance will allow your health care provider to quickly direct you to the right health
facility. This will also help to prevent possible spread of COVID-19 and other viruses.

How likely am I to catch COVID-19?

The risk depends on where you are - and more specifically, whether there is a COVID-19
outbreak unfolding there.

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For most people in most locations the
risk of catching COVID-19 is still low.
However, there are now places around
the world (cities or areas) where the
disease is spreading. For people living
in, or visiting, these areas the risk of
catching COVID-19 is higher.
Governments and health authorities
are taking vigorous action every time a
new case of COVID-19 is identified. Be
sure to comply with any local
restrictions on travel, movement or
large gatherings. Cooperating with
disease control efforts will reduce your
risk of catching or spreading COVID-19.

COVID-19 outbreaks can be contained and transmission stopped, as has been shown in
China and some other countries. Unfortunately, new outbreaks can emerge rapidly. It’s
important to be aware of the situation where you are or intend to go.

Should I worry about COVID-19?

Illness due to COVID-19 infection is generally mild,
especially for children and young adults. However, it
can cause serious illness: about 1 in every 5 people
who catch it need hospital care. It is therefore quite
normal for people to worry about how the COVID-19
outbreak will affect them and their loved ones.

We can channel our concerns into actions to protect

ourselves, our loved ones and our communities. First
and foremost among these actions is regular and
thorough hand-washing and good respiratory hygiene.
Secondly, keep informed and follow the advice of the
local health authorities including any restrictions put in
place on travel, movement and gatherings.

Who is at risk of developing severe illness

While we are still learning about how COVID-2019 affects people, older persons and
persons with pre-existing medical conditions (such as high blood pressure, heart disease,
lung disease, cancer or diabetes) appear to develop serious illness more often than
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others.

Are antibiotics effective in preventing or treating the

COVID-19?

No. Antibiotics do not work against viruses, they only work on bacterial infections.
COVID-19 is caused by a virus, so antibiotics do not work. Antibiotics should not be used
as a means of prevention or treatment of COVID-19. They should only be used as
directed by a physician to treat a bacterial infection.

Are there any medicines or therapies that can prevent

orcure COVID-19

While some western, traditional or home remedies may provide comfort and alleviate
symptoms of COVID-19, there is no evidence that current medicine can prevent or cure
the disease. We does not recommend self-medication with any medicines, including
antibiotics, as a prevention or cure for COVID-19. However, there are several ongoing
clinical trials that include both western and traditional medicines. We will continue to
provide updated information as soon as clinical findings are available.

Is there a vaccine drug or treatment for COVID-19

Not yet. To date, there is no vaccine and no specific antiviral medicine to prevent or treat
COVID-2019. However, those affected should receive care to relieve symptoms. People
with serious illness should be hospitalized. Most patients recover thanks to supportive
care.

Possible vaccines and some specific

drug treatments are under
investigation. They are being tested
through clinical trials.

The most effective ways to protect

yourself and others against COVID-19
are to frequently clean your hands,
cover your cough with the bend of
elbow or tissue, and maintain a
distance of at least 1 meter (3 feet) from people who are coughing or sneezing

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Is COVID-19 the same as SARS?

No. The virus that causes COVID-19 and the one that caused the outbreak of Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 are related to each other genetically, but the
diseases they cause are quite different.

SARS was more deadly but much less infectious than COVID-19. There have been no
outbreaks of SARS anywhere in the world since 2003.

Should I wear mask to protect myself

Only wear a mask if you are ill with COVID-19 symptoms (especially coughing) or looking
after someone who may have COVID-19. Disposable face mask can only be used once. If
you are not ill or looking after someone who is ill then you are wasting a mask. There is a
world-wide shortage of masks, so We urge people to use masks wisely.
We advises rational use of medical
masks to avoid unnecessary wastage of
precious resources and mis-use of
masks The most effective ways to
protect yourself and others against
COVID-19 are to frequently clean your
hands, cover your cough with the bend
of elbow or tissue and maintain a
distance of at least 1 meter (3 feet)
from people who are coughing or
sneezing.

How to put on use take off and dispose of a mask?

1. Remember, a mask should only be used by health workers, care takers, and
individuals with respiratory symptoms, such as fever and cough.
2. Before touching the mask, clean hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or soap and
water
3. Take the mask and inspect it for tears or holes.
4. Orient which side is the top side (where the metal strip is).
5. Ensure the proper side of the mask faces outwards (the coloured side).
6. Place the mask to your face. Pinch the metal strip or stiff edge of the mask so it
moulds to the shape of your nose.
7. Pull down the mask’s bottom so it covers your mouth and your chin.
8. After use, take off the mask; remove the elastic loops from behind the ears while
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keeping the mask away from your face and clothes, to avoid touching potentially
contaminated surfaces of the mask.
9. Discard the mask in a closed bin immediately after use.
10. Perform hand hygiene after touching or discarding the mask – Use alcohol-
based hand rub or, if visibly soiled, wash your hands with soap and water.

How long is the incubation period for COVID-19?

The “incubation period” means the time between catching the virus and beginning to
have symptoms of the disease. Most estimates of the incubation period for COVID-19
range from 1-14 days, most commonly around five days. These estimates will be updated
as more data become available.

Can humans become infected with the COVID-19 from an

animal source?
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are common in animals. Occasionally,
people get infected with these viruses which

may then spread to other people. For

example, SARS-CoV was associated with
civet cats and MERS-CoV is transmitted
by dromedary camels. Possible animal
sources of COVID-19 have not yet been
confirmed.

To protect yourself, such as when

visiting live animal markets, avoid direct
contact with animals and surfaces in contact with animals. Ensure good food safety
practices at all times. Handle raw meat, milk or animal organs with care to avoid
contamination of uncooked foods and avoid consuming raw or undercooked animal
products.

Can I catch COVID-19 from my pet?

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While there has been one instance of a
dog being infected in Hong Kong, to
date, there is no evidence that a dog,
cat or any pet can transmit COVID-19.
COVID-19 is mainly spread through
droplets produced when an infected
person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. To
protect yourself, clean your hands
frequently and thoroughly.

We continues to monitor the latest research on this and other COVID- 19 topics and will
update as new findings are available.

How longdoes the virus survive on surfaces?

It is not certain how long the virus that

causes COVID-19 survives on surfaces,
but it seems to behave like other
corona viruses. Studies suggest that
corona viruses (including preliminary
information on the COVID-19 virus) may
persist on surfaces for a few hours or
up to several days. This may vary under
different conditions (e.g. type of
surface, temperature or humidity of the
environment).

If you think a surface may be infected,

clean it with simple disinfectant to kill
the virus and protect yourself and others. Clean your hands with

an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water. Avoid touching your eyes,
mouth, or nose.

Is it safe to receive a package from any area where

COVID-19 has been reported?

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Yes. The likelihood of an infected person
contaminating commercial goods is low
and the risk of catching the virus that
causes COVID-19 from a package that
has been moved, travelled, and exposed
to different conditions and temperature
is also low.

Is there anything I should not do?

The following measures ARE NOT effective against COVID-2019 and can be harmful:
· Smoking
· Wearing multiple masks
· Taking antibiotics

In any case, if you have fever, cough and difficulty breathing seek medical care
early to reduce the risk of developing a more severe infection and be sure to share your
recent travel history with your health care provider.

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DETAILS OF CORONA VIRUS

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