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    AES Description Assignment PDF

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    Agha Ali
    AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm chosen by NIST as a replacement for the DES (Data Encryption Standard) algorithm in 2001. AES can encrypt data blocks of 128, 192, or 256 bits using cipher keys of length 128, 192, or 256 bits. The AES algorithm performs encryption in a series of rounds, with 10 rounds for 128-bit keys, 12 rounds for 192-bit keys, and 14 rounds for 256-bit keys. Each round consists of four transformations: SubBytes, ShiftRows, MixColumns, and AddRoundKey. AES is considered secure because the best known attacks require more computational resources than are believed to exist on Earth, making brute force attacks infeasible.

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    AES Description Assignment PDF

    Uploaded by

    Agha Ali
    158 views4 pages
    AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm chosen by NIST as a replacement for the DES (Data Encryption Standard) algorithm in 2001. AES can encrypt data blocks of 128, 192, or 256 bits using cipher keys of length 128, 192, or 256 bits. The AES algorithm performs encryption in a series of rounds, with 10 rounds for 128-bit keys, 12 rounds for 192-bit keys, and 14 rounds for 256-bit keys. Each round consists of four transformations: SubBytes, ShiftRows, MixColumns, and AddRoundKey. AES is considered secure because the best known attacks require more computational resources than are believed to exist on Earth, making brute force attacks infeasible.

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    AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm chosen by NIST as a replacement for the DES (Data Encryption Standard) algorithm in 2001. AES can encrypt data blocks of 128, 192, or 256 bits using cipher keys of length 128, 192, or 256 bits. The AES algorithm performs encryption in a series of rounds, with 10 rounds for 128-bit keys, 12 rounds for 192-bit keys, and 14 rounds for 256-bit keys. Each round consists of four transformations: SubBytes, ShiftRows, MixColumns, and AddRoundKey. AES is considered secure because the best known attacks require more computational resources than are believed to exist on Earth, making brute force attacks infeasible.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    158 views4 pages

    AES Description Assignment PDF

    Uploaded by

    Agha Ali
    AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm chosen by NIST as a replacement for the DES (Data Encryption Standard) algorithm in 2001. AES can encrypt data blocks of 128, 192, or 256 bits using cipher keys of length 128, 192, or 256 bits. The AES algorithm performs encryption in a series of rounds, with 10 rounds for 128-bit keys, 12 rounds for 192-bit keys, and 14 rounds for 256-bit keys. Each round consists of four transformations: SubBytes, ShiftRows, MixColumns, and AddRoundKey. AES is considered secure because the best known attacks require more computational resources than are believed to exist on Earth, making brute force attacks infeasible.

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    Bahria University

    Lahore Campus

    Assignment#3

    Name: Faizan Hassan


    Enrollment: 03-134162-015
    Program: BSCS
    Semester: 8A
    Subject: Information Security
    Date Assigned: 15-04-2020
    Submitted to: Maam Nighat
    Advanced Encryption Standard
    History of AES:
    In January 1997, NIST announced a competition for the successor to DES. To allay the suspicions
    that the NSA had placed "back doors" in DES, the competition was to be open and public, and the
    encryption algorithm was available for use royalty-free worldwide. The criteria included not only
    cryptographic strength (resistance to linear and differential cryptanalysis) but also ease of
    implementation and performance in software and hardware.
    Over the course of three competitive rounds and intense cryptanalysis by the world's foremost
    experts on encryption, NIST selected the winner, the Rijndael (pronounced "Rhine doll")
    algorithm of Belgian cryptographers Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen in October 2000. FIPS 197
    was published on Nov. 26, 2001, and is the symmetric cipher of choice for government and
    commercial use today. Although originally approved for encryption of only non-classified
    governmental data, AES was approved for use with Secret and Top Secret classified information
    of the U.S. government in 2003.

    Diagram of AES
    Steps of AES
    You take the following AES steps of encryption for a 128-bit block:

     Derive the set of round keys from the cipher key.


     Initialize the state array with the block data (plaintext).
     Add the initial round key to the starting state array.
     Perform nine rounds of state manipulation.
     Perform the tenth and final round of state manipulation.
     Copy the final state array out as the encrypted data (cipher text).

    AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) DES (Data Encryption Standard)


    The entire data block is processed as a single The data block is divided into two halves.
    matrix.
    It works on Substitution and Permutation DES work on Feistel Cipher structure.
    Principle.
    Plaintext can be of 128,192, or 256 bits Plaintext is of 64 bits
    AES has larger key size as compared to DES. DES in comparison to AES has smaller key
    size.
    10 rounds for 128-bit algo 16 rounds
    12 rounds for 192-bit algo
    14 rounds for 256-bit algo

    Sub bytes, Shift rows, Mix columns, Expansion Permutation, Xor, S-box, P-box,
    Addroundkeys. Xor and Swap.
    AES has large secret key comparatively DES has a smaller key which is less secure.
    hence, more secure.
    AES is faster. DES is comparatively slower.

    Why AES is unbreakable?


    First, it's not said that AES is unbreakable, merely that none of the currently known attacks reduce
    the computational cost to a point where it's feasible. The current best attack on AES-128 takes
    2^126.1 operations, if we had a computer (or cluster) several million times more efficient than any
    current computer and could operate at the thermodynamic Landauer limit, it would take 234
    petajoules just to increment a counter through every key value. That's about half of the annual
    electricity consumption of Norway. Actually computing an AES round takes several times that
    much energy.
    Now consider a round. A round in an optimized implementation takes 16 table lookups and 16
    exclusive-or operations. Let's just say each operation is fundamental and takes the same energy as
    incrementing a bit in a counter, so 32 operations per round, times 10 rounds means you're at the
    annual electricity production of the entire nation.
    Remember that that was with a computer operating at the minimum possible thermodynamic
    energy requirements. So you probably want to multiply that by a few million, at which point you're
    reaching the total energy from the sun which hits the earth each year.
    Thus, for any practical computer the energy costs are too high, and even for a theoretical computer
    the costs would be large enough that it would take several years to brute force a single key, even
    for a very large nation.

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