ImpactAssessmentReport TISS2015

Impact Assessment Report 2015
REPORT OF
IMPACT ASSESSMENT
CONDUCTED BY
NATIONAL CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY HUB

TATA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
MUMBAI
COMMISSIONED BY
THDCIL
2015
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NATIONAL CORPORATE SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY HUB, RESEARCH TEAM
PROJECT DIRECTOR
Prof. Venkatesh Kumar
Director
PROGRAMME OFFICERS
Mr. Amit Verma
Ms. Divya Jain
DATA COLLECTION
Mr. Amit Verma
Ms. Divya Jain
DATA ANALYSIS and REPORT WRITING
Ms. Divya Jain
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Impact Assessment Report of THDC
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This report is an outcome of the Impact Assessment undertaken by National Corporate

Social Responsibility Hub, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai for THDCIL.
The study was undertaken in Tehri for the CSR projects executed by THDC and was
undertaken with full cooperation and support from the THDC officials in their Rishikesh
Office.
We would like to extend our sincere thanks to THDC and all its functionaries involved in
the study at different levels and for their insightful inputs about the CSR projects of the
PSU. Support extended by Mr. D.V. Sharma, Mr. Chauhan, Mr. Amardeep ji and Mr. Anil
Bhatt was commendable and really appreciated. Above all, thank you to Mr. Amardeep for
cooperating throughout the study and ensuring that the study sails through smoothly. His
support extended is deeply appreciated.
We would like to thank all the implementing agencies who devoted their valuable time for
the study and extended extreme support for smooth functioning of the study. All the
respondents who were a part of the study, without them the study would have not have
been completed successfully. The information they provided for the study is immensely
useful for the study.
Sincere thanks to Program Managers and the Research Investigators for successfully
conducting the Impact assessment of the projects within the given time framework.
Prof. B. Venkatesh Kumar
Director, NCSR Hub, TISS
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INDEX
NATIONAL CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY HUB, RESEARCH TEAM .................................................... 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................. 2
INDEX ............................................................................................................................................................ 3
Table of Pictures ........................................................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER 1: ................................................................................................................................................... 8
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 8
1.1. CSR: A Historical Perspective ........................................................................................................ 8
1.2. CSR: Definition: ............................................................................................................................. 8
1.3. DPE Guidelines and National Corporate Social Responsibility Hub .............................................. 9
1.4. THDC India Limited...................................................................................................................... 10
1.4.1. THDCIL- CSR Concept: ......................................................................................................... 11
1.4.2. Areas of Operation .............................................................................................................. 11
1.4.3. The Challenge:..................................................................................................................... 12
1.4.4. THDCIL CSR Initiatives Summary: ........................................................................................ 13
1.5. Structure of the Study: ................................................................................................................ 14
1.6. Structure of the Report: .............................................................................................................. 15
CHAPTER 2: ................................................................................................................................................. 16
METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................... 16
2.1. Objectives......................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2. Research Design: ........................................................................................................................ 16
2.3. Methodology.................................................................................................................................... 17
2.4. Significance of the study .................................................................................................................. 17
2.5. Ethical Considerations...................................................................................................................... 17
2.6. Limitations........................................................................................................................................ 18
Chapter 3: PDFSR – Project Directorate for Farming Systems Research .................................................... 19
3.1. Introduction: .................................................................................................................................... 19
3.1.1. Economic Indicators of the state: ............................................................................................. 19
3.1.2. Major challenges faced by Indian Agriculture .......................................................................... 20
3.2. About Implementing Agency: .......................................................................................................... 20
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3.2.1. Vision......................................................................................................................................... 21
3.2.2. Mission ...................................................................................................................................... 21
3.2.3. Approach ................................................................................................................................... 21
3.2.4. Location ..................................................................................................................................... 21
3.2.5. Climate ...................................................................................................................................... 21
3.2.6. Mandate .................................................................................................................................... 22
3.3. Objectives of the project: ................................................................................................................ 22
3.4. Technological Interventions ............................................................................................................. 23
3.5. Relevance of the Project .................................................................................................................. 23
3.6. Activities under Ensuring Livelihood security through Farming System Approach Project............. 23
3.6.1. Crop Managements and Demonstrations activities: ................................................................ 24
3.6.2. Management of Horticulture Crops .......................................................................................... 24
3.6.3. Promoting of Kitchen gardening for the self sustainability of the farmers .............................. 25
3.6.4. Fodder Management for green fodder and for livestock ......................................................... 25
3.6.5. Trainings for Skill Development Programme ............................................................................ 26
3.7. Impact and Observations ................................................................................................................. 26
Chapter 4: Construction of SC and ST Hostel .............................................................................................. 29
4.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 29
4.1.2. District's Education ................................................................................................................... 30
4.1.3. Government's Mandate ............................................................................................................ 30
4.2. Major Goals and Objective: ............................................................................................................. 30
4.3. Relevance of the project .................................................................................................................. 31
4.4. About the Implementing Agency ..................................................................................................... 32
Chapter 5: Construction of Drainage from NTT to Pipli .............................................................................. 34
5.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 34
5.1.2. CSR Guidelines .......................................................................................................................... 34
5.3. Objectives......................................................................................................................................... 35
5.4. Relevance of the Project: ................................................................................................................. 35
5.5. Impact and Observations: ................................................................................................................ 36
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Chapter 6: Ecological Restoration and Socio economic Empowerment of Rural Community for
Sustainable Livelihood and Resource Management in Upril Raomoli of Pratap Nagar Block, Tehri through
kirori Mal College, Delhi University ............................................................................................................ 37
6.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 37
6.2. Objectives......................................................................................................................................... 39
6.3. About the implementing agency...................................................................................................... 49
6.5. Impact and Observations ............................................................................................................ 50
6.6. Recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 54
Chapter 7: Charitable Homeopathic Dispensary at village Dhauntari in Uttarkashi, & Galiyakhet in Tehri
Garhwal, Uttrakhand .................................................................................................................................. 59
7.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 59
7.2. Implementing Agency ...................................................................................................................... 60
7.2.1. The main features of the Dispensary: ....................................................................................... 60
7.3. Objectives.................................................................................................................................... 61
7.4. Relevance of the Project ............................................................................................................. 61
7.5. Impact and Observations ............................................................................................................ 62
7.6. Suggestions ................................................................................................................................. 64
Chapter 8: HERDS- Self Employment generation programme through back yard Poultry Farming in
Pratapnagar Block, Tehri Distt. ................................................................................................................... 65
Himalayan Educational and Resource Development Society (HERDS) ....................................................... 65
8.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 65
8.1.2. Livelihood Contexts: .................................................................................................................. 66
8.2. Implementing Agency ...................................................................................................................... 66
8.3. Relevance of the Project .................................................................................................................. 67
8.4. Objectives......................................................................................................................................... 67
8.5. Selection Criterion ........................................................................................................................... 68
Chapter 9: Self Employment Generation programme through back yard Poultry Farming in Thauldhar
Block, Tehri.................................................................................................................................................. 73
RADS – Rural Area Development Society (Poultry)..................................................................................... 73
9.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 73
9.2. Implementing Agency ................................................................................................................. 74
9.2.1. Mission and Vision .................................................................................................................. 75
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9.3. Projects of the Implementing Agency ......................................................................................... 76

9.4. Objectives.................................................................................................................................... 76
9.5. Relevance of the project .................................................................................................................. 77
9.6. Selection criterion ....................................................................................................................... 78
Chapter 10: Empowerment and Enhancement of livelihood of 30 Rim Areas Villages through Integrated
Development............................................................................................................................................... 82
10.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 82
10.2. The aims and objectives as outlined by HNB are as follows .......................................................... 84
10.3. Area of Implementation................................................................................................................. 89
10.4. About the implementing agency ................................................................................................... 89
10.5. Process of Implementation ............................................................................................................ 90
10.6. Impact and Observations ............................................................................................................... 91
10.7. Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 95
Chapter 11: Relief works for flood victims of Uttrakhand ........................................................................ 101
11.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 101
11.1.1. Reasons behind Disaster: ...................................................................................................... 102
11.2. Aims and Objectives of the Project .............................................................................................. 103
11.3. Relevance of the Project .............................................................................................................. 103
11.4. Distribution of Items in different areas of Uttrakhand ................................................................ 103
11.5. Implementation of the project .................................................................................................... 104
11.6. Impact and Observation............................................................................................................... 106
Chapter 12: Empower to Dam affected peoples of Tehri Dam Project through Goat rearing project for
livelihood security at Chamba................................................................................................................... 107
12.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 107
12.2. Implementing Agency .................................................................................................................. 107
12.2.1. Mission and Vision ................................................................................................................ 108
12.3. Relevance of the Project ....................................................................................................... 109
12.4. Project Details ....................................................................................................................... 110
12.5. Impact and Observations ...................................................................................................... 112
CHAPTER 13: CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................... 114
13.1. Implementing Agencies................................................................................................................ 114
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13.2. Monitoring ................................................................................................................................... 115

13.3. Presence of THDC in the community .................................................................................... 115
Table of Pictures
Picture 1: High yield quality production ..................................................................................................... 24
Picture 2: Promoting kitchen gardening for Self Sustainability amongst the villagers ............................... 25
Picture 3: Interaction with villagers regarding the Impact of the project .................................................. 26
Picture 4: Utilizing the seeds and kit provided by the organisation (Beneficiary) ...................................... 27
Picture 5: SC and ST Hostel ......................................................................................................................... 29
Picture 6: The location of SC and ST Hostel ................................................................................................ 31
Picture 7: The nallah constructed for pipli.................................................................................................. 35
Picture 8: The Headlines in the Newspaper ................................................................................................ 36
Picture 9: Water Conservation through Rain Water Harvesting ................................................................ 56
Picture 10: Success Story (Juice making) .................................................................................................... 57
Picture 11: PHC for basic health care facilities ........................................................................................... 58
Picture 12: Dispensary constructed by THDC ............................................................................................. 62
Picture 13: Chicks and Hens distributed to Beneficiaries ........................................................................... 68
Picture 14: Fencing done by beneficiaries for hen’s safety ........................................................................ 70
Picture 15: Hens provided by RADS ............................................................................................................ 77
Picture 16: Fencing done by beneficiaries .................................................................................................. 80
Picture 17: FGD with Mahila Mandal Group ............................................................................................... 93
Picture 18; Self Help Group......................................................................................................................... 97
Picture 19: Poly House ................................................................................................................................ 98
Picture 20: Women Working in Agriculture Fields...................................................................................... 99
Picture 21: Beneficiary of the Project ....................................................................................................... 111
Picture 22: New Born of Goats ................................................................................................................. 113
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CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION
1.1. CSR: A Historical Perspective

The concept of CSR in India is not new, the term may be. The process though acclaimed
recently, has been followed since ancient times albeit informally.
The term CSR itself came in to common use in the early 1970s although it was seldom
abbreviated. By late 1990s, the People, Planet and Profit (3P concept) was fully recognised;
people and institutions across all sections of society started supporting it. This can be
corroborated by the fact that while in 1977 less than half of the Fortune 500 firms even
mentioned CSR in their annual reports, by the end of 1990, approximately 90 percent Fortune
500 firms embraced CSR as an essential element in their organisational goals, and actively
promoted their CSR activities in annual reports (Boli and Hartsuiker, 2001).1
1.2. CSR: Definition:

There is no one fixed definition for CSR and can be comprehended differently by different
people. Some perceive it to be a commitment of a company to manage its various roles in
society, as producer, employer, customer and citizen in a responsible manner while for others it
is synonymous to Corporate Responsibility (CR) or Corporate Citizenship or Social Action
Programme (SAP). Of late, the term has also been started to link up with Triple Bottom Line
Reporting (TBL) which essentially measures an enterprise’s performance against economic,
social and environmental indicators.
There are several theoretical definitions for CSR. CSR is a link to sustainable development:
businesses feel that there is a need to integrate social, economic and environmental impact in
their operation; and CSR is a way to manage business: CSR is not an optional add on to business,
but it is about the way in which businesses are managed.
1
Corporate Social Responsibility – Towards a Sustainable Future, A White Paper, KPMG IN INDIA
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1.3. DPE Guidelines and National Corporate Social Responsibility Hub
The Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) under Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public
Enterprises has introduced the CSR Guidelines in March, 2010 for the Central Public Sector
Enterprises (CPSEs) to commit themselves to the concept and practical implementation of
Corporate Social responsibility. The revised guidelines of DPE (effective from 1 st April 2013)
pertaining to CSR looks deeper into the matter of Sustainability and Corporate Social
Responsibility. Under these guidelines, the CSR interventions are required to be thoroughly and
scientifically researched and on this basis the intervention programmes have to be formulated
and implemented.
In order to accomplish this, a National Corporate Social Responsibility Hub (NCSR Hub) was
created by the DPE at Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai. As per the revised DPE
Guidelines 2013, the NCSR Hub has been mandated to fulfill following broad objectives-
1. Nationwide compilation, documentation and creation of database;

2. Advocacy on concepts;
3. Research on subjects including publishing of research papers/articles/concept papers on
specific issues;
4. Preparation of Panels of implementation organization/monitoring and valuation agencies;
5. Promotional Activities, including production of short films, printing of brochures, pamphlets
etc.;
6. Act as a Think Tank – Being carried out;
7. Organizing Conferences, Seminars, Workshops- both national and international;
8. Setting up a National Data base;
9. Any other matter pertaining to CSR and Sustainability as entrusted to it from time to time by
the DPE
The NCSR Hub has undertaken numerous research studies which include Needs Assessment,
Impact Assessment and Proposal Evaluation. The objective of these studies is to fine tune the
existing policies and structures in place and also recommend possible areas of intervention with
regards to CSR. The Hub has been proactively engaged in empanelling implementing partners
and has so far created a database of 150 organizations. To conduct several activities related to
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capacity building, mindset changing, empowerment of women and children, health awareness
and preventive measures, the Hub recommends credible civil society organisations to the CPSEs
to engage with. This helps the PSUs to collaborate with credible partners and undertake CSR
activities in needs based areas found as per the respective study.
In fulfillment of it’s above mentioned responsibilities the NCSR Hub acts as a facilitator to help
the PSUs to effectively carry out their CSR projects.
1.4. THDC India Limited

THDC India Limited is a Joint Venture of Govt. of India and Govt. of Uttar Pradesh. The
Company was incorporated in July’ 88.
The wide range of technical, environmental and social proficiency and experience of THDCIL
places it in leading position to take up challenging Hydro Power Projects. THDCIL is entrusted
with new projects for execution/preparation/updating of DPR for hydro power projects, Pump
Storage Schemes in India and abroad.
THDCIL has grown to a multi project organization having 15 projects totaling to an installed
capacity of 8.790 MW under operation/ various stages of development in Uttarakhand, U.P,
Maharashtra and Bhutan. As a further step ahead towards renewable energy resources, THDCIL
is venturing into Solar and Wind energy areas.2
THDCIL also plans to diversify into non conventional and renewable sources of energy viz. solar
and wind power. THDCIL has taken initiatives to venture into the Wind Energy sector. THDCIL
is looking forward to install 50MW Capacity wind farm initially as an Investor.
THDCIL has taken initiative for establishing grid connected Solar Power Project in U.P. The
State Nodal Agencies have been requested to allot the required land for the Solar Power Project.
THDCIL has been conferred Various Prestigious Awards in field of CSR and Sustainability
including SCOPE ‘Meritorious Award for Corporate Social Responsibility and
Responsiveness’ in April 2012.
http://thdc.gov.in/English/Scripts/Lookingahead_Futureplan.aspx
2
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1.4.1. THDCIL- CSR Concept:

THDC India Ltd. has formed a Company sponsored Non Government Organization, “SEWA-
THDC’ under Society Registration Act, 1860, on dated 17.03.2009; for the implementation of
the CSR-CD activities of the company. SEWA_THDC has started working since F.Y. 2009-
2010.
Aims and Objectives of the society are charitable and non profitable under section 1 to 20 of the
Society’s Registration Act 1860. Head of the Corporate CSR group makes the necessary Budget
Allocation by 31st March every year for CSR activities to be implemented in the following
financial year through SEWA-THDC Education Society (TES) and THDC Units.
In respect of activities to be implemented through SEWA/TES the Budget allocation is

considered and approved by the managing committee of SEWA/TES. The total Budget
allocation for the financial year, to be considered and approved by SEWA/TES should be within
the total Budget allocation earmarked by the Head of Corporate CSR Group.
1.4.2. Areas of Operation

The community development programme are identified and formulated based on the specific
needs and requirement of the particular location, where the programme is proposed to be
launched. The basic domains of the programmes are as under
A. Educational Development
B. Environment Enhancement
C. Health & Veterinary care Programme
D. Income Generation & Women Empowerment.
E. Infrastructure Development
F. Welfare Activities
G. Miscellaneous
The scheme sets out the commitment of THDCIL as a company to operate in an economically,
socially and environmentally sustainable manner, while recognizing the interest of its
Stakeholders. This commitment is beyond statutory requirements. CSR is, therefore, closely
linked with the practice of Sustainable Development. CSR extends beyond philanthropic
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activities and reaches out to the integration of social and business goals. These activities need to
be seen as those which would, in the long term, help secure a sustainable competitive advantage.
THDCIL has primary responsibility to maximize shareholder profits, but a shift in corporate
mindset led by social expectations and pressure has caused rethink with respect to corporate
performance measured in terms of economic impact, social impact and environmental impact-
commonly called the Triple Bottom Line. Economic growth is possible only through
consumption of inputs available in the environment and society. The harnessing of natural
resources has a direct impact on the economy, the environment and society at large. CSR is a
concept whereby organizations serve the interests of society by taking responsibility for the
impact of their activities on customers, employees, shareholders, communities and the
environment in all aspects for their operations.3
1.4.3. The Challenge:

SEWA-THDC started efforts to improve livelihood condition around Tehri Hydro Power
Complex mainly in ‘cut-off areas’’ of Pratapnagar Block of Tehri District. SEWA-THDC team
has contacted various experts in the social field for taking expert suggestions for implementing
and monitoring of CSR & SD works.
SEWA-THDC assessed the basic requirements of the people through one to one contact and data
obtained from social experts. Historically the public had negative perception about THDCIL. In
this backdrop, CSR was started with entry level activities such as distribution of items of
community utility such as utensils, chairs and tents etc. to the village panchayats. The
communities rent out these items to local families for use during family functions and earn some
income. The proceeds can be used for common benefit of communities. This would minimize the
commuting effort and reduces cost to villagers for arrangement of marriage and other community
functions. The village committee issues the utensils, chairs and tents to the needy villagers on
payment of INR1000/ for each function and the same is deposited in the village fund. The
accumulated fund so earned could be utilized for the developmental activities of the villages.
http://thdc.gov.in/writereaddata/english/pdf/THDCCSR-CDScheme-2010.pdf
3
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1.4.4. THDCIL CSR Initiatives Summary:

SEWA –THDC organized Skill Development / Vocational Training and other training programs
to improve the skills and employability of the local people in various vocational fields i.e.
computer, Digital Photography, Hospitality - Chef and steward, security guards, ITI trades etc.
THDCIL had adopted two ITIs -one in Chamba Distt.,Tehri Garhwal& other in Gopeshwar Distt.
Chamoli for development of skilled manpower in the area.
For Promotion of Sustainable livelihood of the rim area villages of Pratapnagar and Jakhnidhar
Block, a program is being implemented through Department of Geography, HNB Garhwal
University, Srinagar (Garhwal) i.e. “Natural Resource Management and Livelihood
promotion Program for the Rim Area 30 Villages of Pratapnagar&Jhkhanidhar Block in
Distt. Tehri Garhwal”, through HNB Garhwal University. Considering the encouraging
results of increased income of the targeted villagers the through self--help groups and revolving
fund schemes developed under this project, further 20 villages of Rim area have been entrusted
to Delhi University and 20 villages have been entrusted to “Project Directorate of Farming
System & Research” (PDFSR), Modipuram under separate livelihood promotion projects.
For Conservation & Management of Water, SEWA-THDC has taken several Initiatives. Digging
of water pipits (Tal–Taliyan) has been taken up for ground water recharge and ambient humidity
and regeneration of vegetation around the villages. Based on the experimental model of Shri
Sachidanand Bharti, at Ufrainkhal, Pauri, SEWA-THDC has taken initiatives for Dry Stream
Treatment (Gadhera) and vegetation regeneration program in the remote villages of
TehriGarhwal, Uttarakhand.
SEWA –THDC opened Homeopathic Dispensaries in the remote villages of Pratapnager Block
for providing basic facilities towards health &hygiene and organizing specialized health check-
up camps for poor through super-specialty & specialist doctors. For women empowerment
SEWA-THDC has started Women Empowerment Centers and the result is as per the desired
expectation in terms of increased income. SEWA-THDC established a Research and
Development (High-Tech Nodal Centre) at DEEN GAON to carry out CSR & SD activities and
their market linkage.
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SEWA-THDC requested National Herbal Plant Mission, Gopeshwar, Distt. Chamoli to provide
financial assistance for development of a small nursery in THDCIL's campus at Rishikesh for
providing herbal plants free of cost to the farmers in nearby area so that they could be benefited.
The CSR initiatives also include employment linked vocational skills training programs for
unemployed youth and suitability to promote sustained livelihood, overall development andwell
being of the target communities. SEWA-THDC is also supporting the proposal of IL&FS
Education for Partnership to SEWA -THDC for jointly implementing Employment linked
vocational skills training programs for Rural BPL youth from the villages around Tehri Dam
Project, Koteshwar Dam Project affected area or any other critical target segments as identified
by SEWA-THDC
With the shift towards sustainable livelihood, Budget allocation for infrastructure augmentation
has been downsized. Ideally this is the function of Government. Construction of community
centers etc. through district administration in various villages has been minimized. Only few
critically beneficial activities i.e. construction of classrooms in schools, const ruction of delivery
rooms in hospitals are being continued for execution under CSR. Now the main target areas
under CSR are promotion of sustainable livelihood, Agriculture / Agriculture Related Activities
and Women Empowerment Activities for economic strengthening and social upliftment.
1.5. Structure of the Study:

The study began after consultation with the THDCIL officials and after procuring all the
information regarding the projects. The project details were provided by THDCIL which helped
in preparing a broad structure of the study and designing the study tools. After developing tools
for the study, the study commenced on 19th May 2014 and continued till 27th May 2014. The
Research Team consisted of One Program Manager and 3 Program Officer from the NCSR Hub
who were extensively involved in interacting with various stakeholders which included THDCIL
officials, beneficiaries and implementing agencies.
The lists of Projects given by THDCIL were considered under Impact assessment and Evaluation
of Projects. For the Projects which have completed their duration, an Impact Assessment study
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was conducted and for projects which are still in their continual phase an evaluation was
conducted.
The process of Data collection was followed by the Process of Data analysis and Report writing.
The data analysis and Report writing were taken up after the completion of primary data
collection.
1.6. Structure of the Report:

Chapter I has given us a brief introduction on CSR, its history, background of NCSR hub and
THDCIL. Chapter II discusses the methodology, objective and the study design in details.
Chapter III to Chapter XII provides the observations and recommendations based on each
project. Chapter XII gives the concluding remarks about the study conducted.
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CHAPTER 2:
METHODOLOGY
2.1. Objectives
The broad objective of the study conducted in Tehri Garhwal for THDCIL looked mainly at
assessing the impact of the CSR projects implemented by THDCIL and how those projects have
helped in fulfilling the needs of the community at large. The objectives of the Study were as
follows:
 To assess the Impact of the Projects executed by THDCIL in Tehri Garhwal.

 To look at the implementation process
 To conform that the projects are following the Objectives and mission of the Projects
 To look for opportunities and possibilities for strengthening the existing programmes
2.2. Research Design:

The research Design of the study is Exploratory in nature. Exploratory research keeps the scope
open for gaining new knowledge with the information already available. Since the projects
covered under this study are varied and look into different thematic areas it was understood that
Exploratory research design would suit the study.
The study also was an evaluation study and was an Evaluation research as it “is designed so
that the findings will provide information useful in for decisions about public policy or private
issues”4.
4 Online: http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~judithjf/kinds%20of%20research.htm
16
2.3. Methodology
The Impact Assessment included projects from environment, health, water conservation,
education and infrastructure in different villages. Since, the geographical location of the study
area was difficult the methodology followed was in two ways i.e. Interviews and Focused Group
Discussions (FGDs).
In-depth Interviews were conducted for beneficiaries, implementing agencies and THDCIL
officials. The interviews were semi structured and provided opportunity to look and evaluate
aspects which may not have been covered in the interview schedule.
Focus group Discussions were a crucial part of the study and the main method used with the
stakeholders. Since the projects implemented are mostly in SHG form it was important to
conduct FGDs to understand and look into all the participants’ perspectives and ideas. A semi
structured FGD guide was formulated for the same purpose.
The sampling used for the study was not fixed and depended on the collection of data till the
saturation point. Saturation point is a point where the researcher starts getting repetitive
responses. Also, since largely the beneficiaries were in form of SHG there was no fixed sampling
used.
2.4. Significance of the study

The study aimed to find out the impact of the projects and the implementation processes
underway for the current projects. This has helped to understand the first hand experiences based
on which one can look into deeper concerns and how the projects can be strengthened and what
are the loopholes.
This will provide a holistic approach and based on recommendation further improvement can be
made.
2.5. Ethical Considerations

 All the Gram Panchayats and implementing agencies were informed about the research study
and the design.
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 The names of the beneficiaries are not mentioned in the report so as to maintain decorum of
anonymity.
2.6. Limitations
Geographical location was one of the main limitations of the study and a large amount of time
was spent travelling. Due to the mountainous terrain the houses in the region were step houses
and a large amount of time was spent reaching the beneficiaries.
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Chapter 3: PDFSR – Project Directorate

for Farming Systems Research
3.1. Introduction:
India is a developing country and 70% of its population is dependent on agriculture. Agriculture
has contributed to both gross domestic product (GDP) and it’s a source of employment to
maximum of population across the country. Agriculture is predominantly a source of livelihood
that had played a vital role in Indian economy. The total share of Agriculture and allied sectors
(including agriculture, livestock, forestry, accounts for one-third of the nation’s GDP and is its
single larger contributor. 5
In recent years it has been observed that there are certain multiple factors lead to growth and
development in agriculture sector. These include growth in income and consumption, growth in
food processing sector and exports of agricultural commodities. Further, extension and
development in agriculture sector; increase in private participation, organic farming and usage of
information technology and intensive agricultural researches are practiced that are being
witnessed. India’s geographical conditions are favourable for producing agriculture as the facts
states that in 2013-14 India achieved a record food grain production of 264 MT, beating the
previous years (2012-13) 257 MT, according to data provided by Department of Economics and
statistics.
3.1.1. Economic Indicators of the state:

The work force engaged in agriculture activities is 58.39% of total work force. The share of
female work force in total work force is 36.31%. The occupational distribution (2001 census)
indicates that the share of cultivators is predominant in occupational structure. The major crops
of the state are Paddy, Wheat, Barley, Sugarcane, Mandua, Maize, Potato and Pulses. The share
of food grains in total GCA was 86.56% and non food grains crops was 13.44% in 2006-07
5
http://www.ibef.org/industry/agriculture-india.aspx
19
(provisional). In cereals, the maximum area was under wheat (42.36%) followed by paddy
(29.58% and mandua (14.69%)6
3.1.2. Major challenges faced by Indian Agriculture

There are several external factors which had adverse affects on agriculture development such as
stagnation in production of major crops, high cost of farm inputs, soil exhaustion, depletion of
fresh ground water, adverse impact of global climate change, impact of globalization, providing
food security, farmer suicide etc. Further, Uttrakhand have hilly terrain primarily dependent on
rain-fed subsistence for agriculture. It has undulating topography affecting the development of
agriculture. However, the other barriers; varied climate, scant cultivated land, difficult working
conditions and inadequate infrastructure like transport facilities in remote areas are major
constraints in development of agriculture. To improve the drawbacks in agriculture there are
several government policies which are been taken into consideration as agricultural advancement
is a huge barrier in Uttrakhand.
Historically, male workers have been migrating to plains in search of employment opportunities
and this feature has reduced the work participation rate of males in Uttrakhand. On other hand,
work participation rate of females in Uttrakhand is above the national level. It could be due to the
significant contribution of women in various economic activities, primarily in agricultural based
activities.7
In Uttrakhand forest occupy dominant proportion of land and covers around 61 percent of the
reported area in the state. As per the information of Directorate of Agriculture, around 30 percent
of forest area is in the category of degraded forests. 8
3.2. About Implementing Agency:

The history of Project Directorate for Farming Systems Research (PDFSR) may be traced back
to schemes of “Simple Fertilizers Trails on Cultivators’ fields’ which was initiated in 1952-53 by
6
https://www.nabard.org/pdf/Executive_Summary.pdf
7
http://www.du.ac.in/du/uploads/Academics/centres_institutes/Agricultural_Eco/16.2013-
Agri%20profile%20of%20Uttrakhand-%20Usha%20Tuteja.pdf
8
http://www.du.ac.in/du/uploads/Academics/centres_institutes/Agricultural_Eco/16.2013-
Agri%20profile%20of%20Uttrakhand-%20Usha%20Tuteja.pdf
20
government of India. After three years, ‘Model Agronomic Experiments Scheme’ was also added
to the Project. Both these schemes were merged together in 1968 to formulate “All India
coordinated Agronomics Research Project (AICARP)’. During the 7th Five Year Plan the
(AICARP) was elevated to the level of Project Directorate for Cropping Systems Research
(PDCSR)’ with ‘All India Coordinated Research Project on Cropping Systems (AICRP-CS)
which became functional in March, 1989 with its headquarter at Modipuram, Meerut, (UP).
Further, during 11th Five Year Plan, PDCSR has been renamed as Project Directorate for
Farming Systems Research and AICARP on CS became AICARP on IFS with revised mandate
focused on farming system research. Practically this has come into effects from 23 rd February,
2010
3.2.1. Vision
Sustainable management of farm resources for achieving household food, nutritional and
livelihood security
3.2.2. Mission
Improve food, nutritional and livelihood security of small and marginal farmers through
integrated farming system approach
3.2.3. Approach
Farming systems in holistic manner with special reference to small and marginal farmers. Site
specific system based resources management practices for sustained productivity and
profitability.
3.2.4. Location
The PDFSR and its research farms are located at Modipuram, 12 km from Meerut city (UP), on
Delhi-Haridwar National Highway No. 58, adjacent to 220 KV station of Pashchimanchal Vidyut
Vitaran Nigam Ltd. It is well connected with railways and road from Delhi (75km) and other
parts of the country.
3.2.5. Climate
The climate of modipuram is broadly classified as semi-arid, sub tropical with very hot summers
and cold winters. The hottest months are May-June, when maximum temperature may sometimes
21
shoot up as high as 45-46 degrees Celsius, whereas during December-January, the minimum
temperature may often go below 5 degree Celsius. The average annual rainfall is 862.7 mm, 75-
80 percent of which is received through southwest monsoons during July to September.
3.2.6. Mandate
 To characterize the existing farming systems to know the productivity, viability and
constraints.
 To develop resource efficient, economically viable and sustainable integrated farming
system modules and models for different farming situations
 To undertake basic and strategic research on production technologies for improving
agriculture resource use efficiencies in farming system mode.
 To develop and standardize package of production practices for emerging
cropping/farming concepts and evaluate their long term sustainability.
 To act as repository of information on all aspects of farming systems by creating
appropriate databases
 To develop on-farm agro-processing and value addition techniques to enhance farm
income and quality of finished products
 To undertake on-farm testing, verification and refinement of system-based farm
production technologies.
 To develop capacity building of stakeholders in Integrated Farming Systems through
trainings.
3.3. Objectives of the project:

 To characterize prevailing cropping/farming systems, their constraints and estimation of
effect of Tehri dam reservoir in New Tehri Districts.
 To improve the productivity of crops and other component of farming systems including
agro-horticulture crops, livestock and fisheries through appropriate components
technology.
 To improve household activities involving women farmers through post harvest
management and value addition.
22
 To undertake capacity building of rural youth and farm women to create better linkage
with market for sustainability.
3.4. Technological Interventions

 Promotion of organic farming/vermi-composting/green manuring/ bio fertilizer
 Ensuring quality seed / planting material of food, fruit, fodder and medicinal crops
 Promotion of mineral mixture, quality feed for livestock diet
 Farming system diversification
 Balance nutrition in crops and cropping system
 Introduction of improved/hybrid varieties of cereals, fruits and vegetables
 Residue recycling
 Introduction of IPM measures
 Promotion of kitchen gardening
 Empowerment of farm women
3.5. Relevance of the Project

The project was resumed in two blocks (Narendra Nagar and Thauldhar) District, Tehri.
However, two blocks twenty villages were sampled from Kandisaur cluster and koteshwar
cluster. The major objective of the project was to introduce new technologies using tradition
methods to improve the quality and production of the agriculture at village levels.
From the perspective of PDFSR, the agricultural scientist was designated to these villages to
conduct scientific agricultural techniques practically in the field. However, the villagers were
benefitted from this project.
3.6. Activities under Ensuring Livelihood security through Farming

System Approach Project
There are several activities initiated in twenty villages of Koteshwar and Kandisaur clusters. The
primary aim was to introduce new agricultural technologies to the ground level through
extensive training programmes conducted by PDFSR experts on field.
23
3.6.1. Crop Managements and Demonstrations activities:
Picture 1: High yield quality production
In all villages of Koteshwar and Kandisaur clusters demonstrations of cultivation of improved

varieties of wheat, weed management in wheat for improving productivity and applying
fertilizers in wheat. The team had developed an agro-seeds kit in which all kind of crops were
available. According to the land availability and other resources the farmers took up the initiate
to sow seeds in the field.
Demonstration and sowing of improved varieties of following crops were also done for kharif
season. All the seeds provided were hybrid for the quality production in all the villages.
3.6.2. Management of Horticulture Crops

In this segment, distribution of fruit plants, controlling insect pest / diseases control through
fungicide and pesticide were distributed to farmers across all the villages. There were trained
about these products regarding the application and dosage to be sprayed on plants.
The fruit plants were also distributed for the sustainability of livelihood in the villages. As
mentioned above, the seeds and plants distributed to villagers were high quality or say hybrid.
24
The fruit plant such as Mango, Amla, Lemon, Jackfruit, Guava and Citrus were distributed
amongst all the villages.
3.6.3. Promoting of Kitchen gardening for the self sustainability of the farmers
Picture 2: Promoting kitchen gardening for Self Sustainability amongst the villagers
As the matter of fact, the vegetables produced in the market are prone to over tolerance of
chemicals which basically pollutes the commodities and harms individual’s health. The project
has promoted the concept of kitchen garden as vegetables produced from it are organic in nature.
From the perspective of farmers; sow seeds of different vegetables which simultaneously fulfill
all nutrients in food consumed by them. Now days, sustainability is a concept which is applied to
all sectors. Organic farming is an example for self sustainability which promotes quality of
production.
3.6.4. Fodder Management for green fodder and for livestock

In this activity villagers were aware about utilizing the available fodder for livestock. These
villages come under RIM areas where shortage of fodder is a main issue. To deplete the problem
the activity was initiated under this project. Fodder plantation also restores degraded land and
provides quality fodder to the villagers.
25
3.6.5. Trainings for Skill Development Programme
Picture 3: Interaction with villagers regarding the Impact of the project
In this activity there are various awareness generation programmes were initiated such as
Krishak Goshties and kishan mela. The purpose of organizing training were to generate
awareness amongst villagers regarding use of fertilizers, use of improved variety of crops and
vegetables, fodder management and preparing vermi compost for producing organic manure for
the fields.
3.7. Impact and Observations

 Usage:
The impact can majorly be viewed in Kandisaur cluster as compared to Koteshwar cluster.
The main reason for successful impact in Kandisaur is its land quality and availability of
resources for agriculture. The topography is well suitable for agriculture as there is
accessibility and availability of water resources, the soil is fertile and acceptance for the
project was visible in the villages. On other hand, in Koteshwar majority of the villagers are
dependent on rain water for irrigation of the fields. Also, irrigated land area is lesser than
26
Kandisaur cluster which decreases the productivity of crops. It was observed there is no
availability of water resources and few techniques were not suitable according to the climatic
conditions in the villages. The on-field experiments were not as much successful in
Koteshwar cluster due to its topography. During the conversation with PDFSR officials it
was registered that villagers were hostile due to classification of villages done for the projects
and other adjacent villagers desired the functionality of the same project to be implemented
in their villages.
 Impact:
The major threat identified in both clusters was project sustainability. From past three years
the project was established in twenty villages of both clusters respectively. As per the
respondents they have identified and developed trust on the implementing agency; adopted
new technologies, implemented and practically experienced on-field experiments with
experts of PDFSR.
Picture 4: Utilizing the seeds and kit provided by the organisation (Beneficiary)
In the current situation impact cannot be measured as PDFSR project recently got ended.
However, in Kandisaur cluster, agricultural activities were actively in evidence due to PDFSR
27
expert’s presence on field levels. The active community participation and acceptability are the
major factors which has positive impact on the community. On other hand, in Koteshwar cluster
the impacts were barely visible. The villagers were not enthusiastic and complained about
PDFSR which hampered their productivity. The efforts done by PDFSR are visible but people
behavior towards the implementing agency was partially positive.
 Sustainability:
From the perspective of sustainability, it was observed that both clusters lack capacity building
and intensive information about the new technologies and practical knowledge given during the
trainings in the village. In Kandisaur cluster, situation is far better than Koteshwar cluster
because villagers have adopted and accepted the new patterns for cropping using traditional
methods. The technical aspects; name of fertilizers, availability of seeds are the major concerns
on the part of villagers as there had not detailed information regarding this. During the field visit
it was registered that PDFSR project has winded up from both the clusters. It was a three year
project was initiated in 2011 in both Kandisaur and Koteshwar clusters under twenty villages.
All the resources were provided by PDFSR that helped villagers to continue the new agriculture
practices; agro-based technologies.
28
Chapter 4: Construction of SC and ST

Hostel
4.1. Introduction
Hostel provides the best atmosphere for study. Studying away from the home opens up a world
of exciting learning possibilities like combine studies, mutual discussions, criticism, or debating
etc. In hostel students develop a sense of friendship and fellow feeling. Students learn the value
of discipline. Students learn to adjust themselves with all kind of situations that can be expected
in one's life. Hostel life not only develops the spirit of healthy competition, but also teaches the
lesson of mutual cooperation.
Picture 5: SC and ST Hostel
29
4.1.2. District's Education

Average literacy rate of Tehri Garhwal in 2011 was 76.36%. If things are observed out gender
wise, male and female literacy were 89.76% and 64.28% respectively. These numbers seem at
par with the current national literacy rate. However, if observed at in terms of urban and rural
populations, the numbers are starkly different. Average literacy rate in urban Tehri Garhwal
district as per census 2011 is 88.77 % of which males and females are 93.43 % and 83.05 %
literates respectively as compared to those in the rural areas where the numbers stand at 74.73 %
as average and gender wise, male and female literacy stood at 89.18% and 62.21% respectively.
The number of population in rural Tehri is over 85% according to Census 2011.
4.1.3. Government's Mandate

With the reference to minorities’ rights and uplifting deprived section, the setting up of
Minorities Commission was envisaged in the Ministry of Home Affairs Resolution in 1978,
which specifically mentioned that “despite the safeguards provided in the constitution and the
laws in force, there persists among the Minorities a feeling of inequality and discrimination. In
order to preserve secular traditions and to promote National Integration, the Government of India
attaches the highest importance to the enforcement of the safeguards provided for the Minorities
and is of the firm view provided for the Minorities and is of the firm view that effective
institutional arrangements are urgently required for the enforcement and implementation of all
the safeguards provided for the Minorities in the Constitution, in the Central and State Laws and
in the government policies and administrative schemes enunciated from time to time”
The Schedule VII of Companies Act 2013 also emphasizes on promoting education. By way of
constructing hostel for the students of SC and ST communities the company is complying with
the mandate.
4.2. Major Goals and Objective:

1. The major objective of constructing hostel was to provide accommodation and other
basic facilities for SC and ST students. This would enhance their quality of education and
reduce the monetary pressure from the students and parents perspective. As recorded by
THDC officials mostly students face problems in acquiring accommodation in its
vicinity.
30
2. To ensure safe and secure environment for the students.
4.3. Relevance of the project

After the Tehri dam construction majority of the villages were submerged beneath dam water.
The process of migration and displacement was held at huge levels due to which masses
essentially migrated to different parts of Uttrakhand as per their logistics and requirements. In
the process of development of the region, construction of infrastructural amenities was essential
for the community to reconnect their lives. Also, new Tehri was constructed where villagers
were rehabilitated but had lots of inconveniences. The major problems identified which had
impacted on the lives of people were livelihood, education, health and migration. Along with this
many other problems were also elevated related to unavailability of land, homelessness,
landlessness, displacement etc.
Picture 6: The location of SC and ST Hostel
31
Under CSR activities THDC took up a project and constructed ST and SC hostel as students had
to face problems while commuting to schools and colleges. For the better and quality education
hostel was constructed for students who shall be accommodated in hostels.
There is extensive literature available which states that there is a direct co-relation between the
quality of infrastructure and the academic performance of the student as well as the level of
satisfaction of the students. However, there are many factors like the Socio-economic status of
the students and the burden carried by them in the classroom that there is no intervention for. But
provision of a comfortable space for learning which increases focus, motivation and will for
education, can be improved and intervened with. (Infrastructure and education outcomes:
arguments from literature)
4.4. About the Implementing Agency

The proposal of constructing SC and ST hostel was initiated by Implementing Agency “ ”. The
need of the project was desired by the Government officials and funds w ere provided by THDC
for the project. The construction of the hostel was done to accommodate… candidates. The
hostel is designed for SC and ST male beneficiaries to access the basic facilities like lodging and
food. The candidates shall be nominally charged for the facilities to ensure sustainability of the
infrastructural facilities and existing resources in the hostel.

1. The construction of the hostel was completed in th year of 2013. The hostel has the
capacity to accommodate more than 50 students with the availability of 17 rooms.
2. The CSR activity initiated by THDC is presently dysfunctional as the

asset/property/hostel had been handed over to the government department of Uttrakhand.
As proposed by THDC, the facilitation and maintenance fragment shall be induced by
Govt dept. With the further discussion with THDC officials it was observed that Govt
department is unable to regulate their responsibilities due to deficiency of funds. Perhaps,
implementing agency is interested in taking up the project and implements this for the
welfare of the students.
32
3. It was observed that due to the transfers/change of the government officials engaged in
starting this hostel resulted in delay. This has impacted functioning of the project resulted
to postponement and delays.
4. The infrastructure established by THDC is a sustainable asset to the community.

However, the requisite actions and accountability for the project is been neglected from
government department involved in the project.
5. The hostel also has the facility of electricity.
6. From the perspective of Social Impact, a project till date is not benefitting investors as
huge investment was done to create the infrastructure. Also, the set up established is not
available and accessed by the students due to that project sustainability is underlined.
7. As communicated now, implementing agency “Ambedkar Society” will start this hostel
so that the students will be benefited and no more delays will take place. The
communication letters were also received by TISS team in this regard. As per the agency,
it was expected that hostel will be opened from April or May 2015.
8. If it starts, 50% of the seats will be reserved only for the students residing in dam affected
areas/villages. After that the priority will be given to BPL and the children of widows as
per the head of the implementing agency.
9. The students studying in the PG college, ITI Tehri, Polytechnic college, engineering
college and private colleges in New Tehri will be benefited from this hostel.
10. The hostel will benefit only male students among SC, ST communities studying in New
Tehri Town.
33
Chapter 5: Construction of Drainage from

NTT to Pipli
5.1. Introduction
India being a developing country has immense potential and scope to develop physical
infrastructure for sustained economic development. “Infrastructure development has a key role
in play in both economic growth and poverty reduction.”
Rural development may be defined as structural change in the socio-economic situation to

achieve improved living standard of low-income population residing in rural areas and making
the process of their development self-sustained. It includes economic development with close
integration among various sections and sectors; and economic growth specifically directed to the
rural poor. In fact, it requires area based development as well as beneficiary oriented
programmes. That’s why rural development is one of the main and important tasks of
development planning in India.
Rural Infrastructure is not only a key component of rural development but also an important
ingredient in ensuring any sustainability poverty reduction programme. The proper development
of infrastructure in rural areas improves rural economy and quality of life. It promotes better
productivity, increased agricultural incomes, adequate employment, etc.
5.1.2. CSR Guidelines

In context of Corporate Social Responsibility the permitted activities are ending hunger and
poverty; promoting public health; supporting education; addressing gender inequality; protecting
the environment; and funding cultural initiatives and the arts. Further, viewing from government
perspective, several programmes and schemes had been launched focusing holistic development
of the rural areas. For effective impacts, Public Private Partnership model also gave new horizon
contributing to existing systems. The triangulations of CSR, government initiatives and non-
governmental organisations tremendous efforts have widened the opportunities for development
and growth in rural areas.
34
5.3. Objectives
 The aim of the project was to identify the location for the construction of Pipli Nalla.
 To resolve the issues been raised by the Pipli villagers
 To construct nallah in the village to tackle the problems especially during monsoons.
5.4. Relevance of the Project:

The pipli villages is located beneath New Tehri Town whereas, due to increased density in NTT
its boundary is touching pipli village as well. Further, landlessness issue in NTT has arose due to
massive construction took over in recent years. However, a major portion of pipli village gets
affected due to heavy rainfall during monsoons.
Picture 7: The nallah constructed for pipli
As informed by THDC officials, the villagers are facing this problem from past 12-13 years and
no intervention was made to eradicate this issue. Moreover, the affected families showed
resistance towards this issue and later a meeting was organized to resolve this issue. Under CSR
activity THDC constructed a drainage system to channelize force of water and make a path
35
where the rain water is directed towards pipes installed underground and reaching to the main
stream.
5.5. Impact and Observations:

1. The villagers informed that heavy rainfall had destroyed individual houses, agricultural
lands and community assets. As villagers are relaxed after the construction of nallah as
they are not facing any problems during rainfall in their village.
2. With the effort of community participation, villagers have constructed a wall which had
helped them in saving their assets. In the field it was observed that many houses, toilets
and other resources were damaged due to heavy flow of rain water.
Picture 8: The Headlines in the Newspaper
3. This project can be viewed as water management where the households, agricultural
lands, community assets are safeguarded. This has impacted their livelihood sources;
problems like displacement, soil erosion, deforestation have been addressed.
36
Chapter 6: Ecological Restoration and

Socio economic Empowerment of Rural
Community for Sustainable Livelihood
and Resource Management in Upril
Raomoli of Pratap Nagar Block, Tehri
through kirori Mal College, Delhi
University
6.1. Introduction
The programme on Ecological restoration for sustainable livelihood at Deen Gaon is sponsored
by THDC through their CSR and Sustainable Development initiative. The Programme is
managed by Kirori Mal College, D.U. The programme covers 11 villages in Upali Ramoli Patti
of Block Pratapnagar of District Tehri Garhwal. There are a total of 32 villages in that area, of
which 11 are covered under implementation by KMC. The success of activities in these villages
will be used as promoters for widening the implementation area and request for funds for the
same in due course of time.
The project and its related activities are based on an exhaustive baseline survey conducted by the
implementing agency where the strengths, weaknesses and geography of the area were studied
along with people and people-land interaction. Needs of the community along with possible
areas of intervention were, hence, derived upon. The resources available with the community and
the area were also researched so as to help the interventions and make them inclusive and self-
37
reliant so they are not dependant on external assets, hence, increasing the likelihood of
sustainable impact.
According to the team of the implementing agency, the major objective is of overall growth and
development of the area, in all spheres of living and quality of life, so as to reduce migration.
Given that man power is a vital asset for prosperity and growth, reduction in migration and the
scope of development is a two-way process with these two variables interacting and feeding into
each other. As reported by the team, to maintain the environmental equilibrium of a region,
restoration and intervention need to be four-fold and needs to focus on four resources; forest,
wasteland, watershed and infrastructure. Restoration of and development in these four aspects
will ensure ecological stability of a region and hence these are tried to be intervened with by the
implementing agency. Along with this, there are various other activities undertaken by KMC
which directly or indirectly have an impact on the ecology or the individuals living in that
ecology. They work in the area of education in terms of introducing technology to the students,
skill development, women empowerment, creating alternate sources of income, promoting
advanced agriculture etc.
According to the experts leading the project from KMC, the implemented area has a lot of
potential in terms of its geography, given resources and scope of man-ecology interaction which
can be tapped into to get maximum/ optimum results with the right kind of focused and scientific
approach and adequate training and guidance.
Some of the activities undertaken are as follows:
 Local communities are mobilized to adopt scientific agriculture practices to raise their
income.
 Supporting non agricultural activities through SHGs approach added for generating extra
income.
 Women and child health is taken care through organizing health camps.
 Computer education is imparted to all those who want to learn.
 Girls are given stitching for economic empowerment.
 Eco tourism is being promoted and people are motivated to make this as another avenue for
economic benefits.
38
6.2. Objectives
 Establishing research and development at Deen Gaon to carry out CSR activities of SEWA-
THDCIL.
 This centre will work as the nodal center and will be used to carry out all the activities
 Carry out awareness camps, training programmes, awarding progressive farmers etc from
time to time
 Infrastructure would help strengthen the local communities
 Training programmes for empowering youth male and female through various primary
activities for jobs/business
 Suggestive measures in livestock management for milk production, fodder development to
raise production and income.
 Develop progeny-cum-demonstration farms related to horticulture, food crops, herbs,
medicinal plants, ginger, off season vegetables etc. as educative centers for other farmers to
adopt such techniques
 Explore mechanisms for market channels for quick disposal of produce
 Evaluate activities for empowerment from time to time with the help of the experts and local
communities
 Promote improved methods of cooking, cleaning, clean drinking water, soil management
 Check the penance of social evils
 Promote eco-tourism and village tourism
 Ecological restoration programme would develop strategies on water management, forest
development, wasteland management, water harvesting, fodder development, slope
management, stream ecology
39
Ecological Restoration and Socio-economic empowerment of Rural Communities for Sustainable Livelihood and Resource
Management in Upali Ramoli of Pratap Nagar Block In Uttarakhand
Area of Activity Impact

Activities Implementation Impact
Intervention Resources duration
Sports Skill Benefits: Increased involvement and inter

Promotion of Equipments, village activities leads to enhanced
Yearly since two Short
sports in Coach, cohesiveness and interaction with other
years Term
schools Availability of children has an effect on the confidence level
playground and overall development of students.
Skill Benefits: Increased opportunities of inter

Debate and
Education Short village interaction and promotion of alternate
Essay Funds Once a year
Term methods of education. Increase in self-
Competition
confidence.
Computers, Skill Benefits: Introduction to technology and

Teacher, increase in computer literacy bringing a little
Computer electricity Medium
Ongoing closer together the level of education in urban
Training connection, Term
and rural areas and the facilities available to
Room for both
classes,
40
Whiteboards,
Markers
Skill Benefit and Resource Benefit: In this

programme young boys and girls were
THDC and
introduced to life experiences through
Programme for UANA
Twice a activities; English, health care, personality
Young girls and (Uttrakhand Completed
year development and future aspirations. The
boys Association of
knowledge sharing was executed without
North America)
books and exposure to life challenges were
elaborated in the camp.
Coaching Resource Benefit: For 30 days, coaching was

Subject experts, Short
Classes for poor Completed provided to 10 standard students for three
THDC, Term
students subjects; Science, Mathematics and English.
Scholarship for Resource Benefit: 27 students were awarded

Short
meritorious THDC, Principal Completed and received scholarship that got 1st, 2nd and
Term
Students 3rd division in school.
Aanganwadi
Creating
worker, Long
facilities at Ongoing
distribution of Term
Balwadi
items
41
Resource Benefit: Providing basic health care

Health THDC organised
Short facilities to Villagers. The numbers of
checkups and camps, Experts Completed
Term beneficiaries were 335 villagers in
Camps and Doctors
Herwalgaon.
THDC,
Resource Benefit: The camp was organised to
Nutritional Organised health
Short check the nutritional status among children.
Status among camp for Completed
Term All over 51 children were examined in camp
children children,
with the age group of 06 to 13 years.
Experts, Doctors
Resource Benefit: Eye camp was organised in

Health
which 11 villages participated, total number of
Doctors and Short
Eye Camp Completed patients were 118. (male 60, female 54 and
THDC staff Term
children were less; 04)
Skill Benefit: Practical and Theoretical

knowledge about yoga for students in schools.
School Authority Short Resource Benefit: In this activity around 120-

Yoga Camp Ongoing 125 students participated in each camp. The
and Yoga experts Term
camp was organised twice, whereas, students
were aware about health problems and how to
perceive well being was taught through yoga
42
camps.
Judges from the

Cleanliness
community, Skill Benefits: Increased awareness about the
Programme Short
Awards to Once a year importance of cleanliness. Induced habit to
related to health Term
winning keeping the surroundings clean
and hygiene
candidates
Skill Benefits: Knowledge and awareness of

methods for natural ground water recharge and
Land for digging rain water harvesting with its uses and
Water
recharge pits, benefits.
Conservation
Labour, other Short
and Completed Resource Benefits: Optimum use of natural
physical Term
Management resource that is rain water. Community
resources like
Program members were used for labor which provided
tools
for their income. Natural recharge of ground
water level
Awareness Skill Benefits: Learning of scientific methods

Subject experts,
Program/ Short of agriculture to increase yield. Training and
Kissan Goshti space to conduct Completed
Community Term guidance in new techniques.
sessions
Empowerme Resource Benefit: Implementation of learning
43
nt and increase in yield of crops
Skill Benefits: Learning of scientific methods

Subject Experts, of agriculture to increase yield. Training and
Space to conduct guidance in new techniques.
Horticulture Short
session, plants Completed
Training Term Resource Benefit: Implementation of learning
and seeds for
distribution and increase in yield of crops. Received high
breeds seeds hence financial increment
Skill Benefits: Learning of new techniques for

Subject experts, farming to improve productivity of non
space to conduct seasonal vegetables through poly house.
sessions, Long
Poly House Ongoing Resource Benefit: Received hybrid seeds for
experimenting Term
with new ways horticulture and floriculture. The purpose is to
of increase in income to individual families

practicing in poly house.
Subject experts,
Resource Benefits: Received high breed seeds
seeds and plants
Agriculture Vegetable Short for growing vegetables. Farming of these led
for distribution Completed
Development Farming Term to increased income and knowledge about
and
future scope of vegetable farming.
demonstration
44
Distribution of Resource Benefits: Received high yielding

high yield seeds Seeds for As per needs of Short seeds hence financial increment. These crops
(haldi, ginger distribution the community Term don’t become victim to man-animal conflict
etc) hence production is high.
Subject experts, Skill Benefits: Learning of scientific methods
land for of agriculture to increase yield. Training and

Demonstration Short guidance in new techniques.
demonstration, Completed
Farm Term
hired vehicle for Resource Benefit: Implementation of learning
commutation and increase in yield of crops
Skill Benefits: Promotion of traditional

agricultural techniques which helps in
Subject Experts, increasing the yield of the farm without

BeejBachaoAnd Short damaging the environment.
community Ongoing
olan Term
mobilisers Resource Benefits: Preservation of local seeds
and demonstrating its benefits to local as well
as visitors.
Community Short to Skill Benefits: Increased cohesiveness,

Collection mobilisers and Ongoing understanding organization and flow of
Medium
Centre SHGs through money, organized group activities for higher
Term
which this is results in income generation. Skill sharing
45
implemented which creates alternate and added sources of

income generation
Resource Benefit: Accruement of financial

and man power resources, income generation
through various group activities.
Skill Benefits: Training in plantation of a high

yielding fodder crop which would benefit
Land for
Short to animal husbandry
Fodder growing Napier
Ongoing Medium Resource Benefits: Reduces drudgery of
Development grass, subject
Term women. Provides high quality fodder.
experts
Increased fodder availability. Additional
Income
Rural Promotion village tourism which can give

Eco huts Ongoing Short term
Tourism employment opportunities to the villagers.
Development As per needs of Short

Funds NA
of Poultry the community Term
Awareness generation among villagers related

Advertiseme Slogan writing Short
Ongoing to social issues like smoking, drinking, dowry,
nt/ Publicity on walls Term
etc.
46
Subject Experts,
labour, other
Gharat Resource benefits: Increased productivity by
material and Short
Development/ Ongoing 40 to 50 percent, hence overall financial
physical Term
Upgradation increment.
resources
required
Economic
Empowerme Teachers, room
for teaching, Skill Benefits: Skill development and
nt
tailoring increased opportunities of alternate sources of
Cutting and income. Woman empowerment and increase in
machines, other
Tailoring Ongoing Mid Term self-reliance and independence of women.
material and
Centre
physical Resource Benefits: Means of earning a
resources livelihood for women
required
Skills Benefit: Training for plantation activity.

Providing
Knowledge and guidance of planting different
villagers with
Social Establishment plants.
saplings of plants Ongoing Mid Term
Forestry of Nursery
grown in the Resource Benefits: Can prove to be added
nursery, trainings source of employment. Degraded land
reclaimed and increased use of land in the
47
villages.
Resource Benefit: Reduces effects of human

Long
Tree Plantation Seeds, volunteers Completed induced bio diversity loss and hence a step
Term
towards a balanced ecosystem
Resource Benefit: Receiving of tools and

Agricultural Short
Funds Completed equipment necessary for farming hence would
Equipment Term
facilitate farming
Promotion of Short Skill Benefits: Retain the culture and heritage

Volunteers Once a year
Culture Term of the area. Increase in group cohesiveness.
48
6.3. About the implementing agency

Name of Implementing Agency: Department of Geography, Kirori Mal College, University of
Delhi (Name of Project Director- Dr. KK Sharma, Associate Professor)
Kirori Mal College, Delhi University is an institution of academic excellence and was
established in 1954. The college has built a strong array of academic facilities and research.
Department of Geography is one of the best departments in India. The programme on Ecological
restoration for sustainable livelihood at Deen Gaon is sponsored by THDCIL through their CSR
and Sustainable Development initiative. The Programme is managed by Kirori Mal College,
D.U. The MoU was signed in March 2012 and it is a long term project with micro planning for 5
years.
It is a practical management strategy that would restores ecological processes to maintain

ecosystem composition, structure and function. The programme covers 12 villages in Upali
Ramoli Patti of Block Pratapnagar of District Tehri Garhwal. The programme is being run
through a well established center at Deen Gaon with adequate staff for the day to day interaction
with rural communities. Scientists, social workers, environmentalists, agriculturists, professional,
policy makers etc. are roped in to strengthen the programme.
The alliance between SEWA THDCIL and Kirori Mal College finds its initiatives in the
following areas of development:
1. Computer Education
2. Health and Hygiene
3. Education
4. Skill Development
5. Agricultural Development
6. Sustainable Development through plantation
Through the holistic approach of development the aim is to bring about a large social and
economic change in DeenGaon though all the above initiatives. The aims and objectives of the
programme are as follows:
49
 Establishing research and development at DeenGaon to carry out CSR activities of SEWA-
THDCIL.
 This centre will work as the nodal center and will be used to carry out all the activities
 Carry out awareness camps, training programmes, awarding progressive farmers etc from
time to time
 Infrastructure would help strengthen the local communities
 Training programmes for empowering youth male and female through various primary
activities for jobs/business
 Suggestive measures in livestock management for milk production, fodder development to
raise production and income.
 Develop progency-cum-demonstration farms related to horticulture, food crops, herbs,
medicinal plants, ginger, off season vegetables etc. as educative centers for other farmers to
adopt such techniques
 Explore mechanisms for market channels for quick disposal of produce
 Evaluate activities for empowerment from time to time with the help of the experts and local
communities
 Promote improved methods of cooking, cleaning, clean drinking water, soil management
 Check the penance of social evils
 Promote eco-tourism and village tourism
 Ecological restoration programme would develop strategies on water management, forest
development, wasteland management, water harvesting, fodder development, slope
management, stream ecology

 Needs Assessment:
The project has been based on extensive research of the implemented area with an adequate
amount of literature review about the history, people’s lives before the construction of the dam
and how this developmental activity has affected them socially and economically. The current
needs of the area, too, were established through a Baseline Survey with complete involvement
and cooperation of the community. The activities implemented within the project are very much
need based and have been designed keeping the local geography, resources and conditions under
50
consideration. All conditions like, geographical conditions, weather, soil type, land quality,
Socio-Economic Status, caste, amount of land, individual skill etc is taken into consideration.
This shows the level of involvement with the community and flexibility and adaptation in the
given activities to customize it according to every beneficiaries need. For eg: people who have
less agricultural land or are landless are made beneficiaries of activities that promote alternate
means of livelihood such as Fish rearing, poultry etc since these are low risk ventures and give
double returns.
 Getting into the Community:
All the activities have been designed using information and knowledge of the local population
to understand their geography and the community is made completely involved in every step of
the project and its decision making process. The members of the team responsible for community
outreach have also been chosen from the community hence providing employment opportunity to
the local people. Engaging local population for outreach will also ensure convincing other
community members participation in the project activities as it increases a sense of trust.
Every member of the implemented village is a beneficiary of the project through one activity or
the other. Interactions with the community members indicated that they are very happy with the
work being done by KMC and believe that this could lead to the overall development of their
village.
 Self-Help Groups:
A lot of the work within the activities of the project is implemented through the creation of
SHGs. There are various activities implemented through these SHGs such as Exposure visits to
agricultural demonstration plots, distribution of seeds to groups and encouraging community
farming, juice making etc. The formation of these along with its associated activities will help
community cohesiveness in the long run.
 Flexibility:
The activities under the project are all currently pilot projects which are being tried and tested in
the area to see what works and what needs remodeling. Hence willing participants are made part
of the program, individuals who are open to new ideas. Also, beneficiaries are selected by local
authorities and community members leaving no scope for ill feelings between community
members about either receiving or not receiving benefits from the project. Also, the activities and
the team of the implementing agency is highly flexible in terms of acceptance to change and
51
suggestions and open to remodeling or redesigning their activities as and when required. The
activities and the team are not rigid, which is a necessary requirement while introducing new and
untested interventions within an area. Flexibility in work strategy increases effectiveness. Close
watch on all activities and effective monitoring allows for flexibility and change of strategy as
and when required to keep the scales of the input output ratio balanced. If something does not
work; they are open enough to scrape off the activity. For eg. Fish Rearing was tried with a few
community members along with providing them training but the activity was a failure and hence
they plan to try it with a few more members and are willing to discontinue it if it does not yield
good results.
 Documentation:
Proper documentation is maintained by the implementing agency and there is complete
transparency in process and execution. The documentation is made available to all the
community members including beneficiary names, benefits received by each beneficiary,
finances etc. Monitoring is two-fold and is done at the level of KMC as well as THDC through
regular and timey site visits by THDC officials.
 Synergy between THDC and KMC:
There is optimum sync between the THDC and the implementing agency and decisions are made
in collaboration with both parties together. Continuation or discontinuation of an activity is
jointly decided based on the success of a programme and the information is then passed on to the
Rishikesh THDC office where the final decisions are taken. It was observed that there is clarity
of roles in both parties and no overlap of roles or ideas was observed.
 Presence of THDC:
The presence of KMC and THDC is very high in all the project area villages. The community
members are well aware about the presence of both the bodies and their respective roles. Given
that one of the objectives of CSR is also to promote goodwill of the company amongst
community members, knowledge of their existence and their work within the community is a
very good sign. Also, knowledge of the community members about the presence and work of the
implementing agency suggests the reach of the implementing agency which is one of the biggest
markers of the success of their project
 Community Participation:
52
Involvement of community is optimum and they are made part of the decision making process
which is laudable since it takes care of THEIR needs and not imposition of the implementing
agencies ideas and also induces a sense of ownership for what’s given to them: tangible or
intangible in the form of knowledge and training.
 Project Design:
The coming together of projects and the overlap or interrelationship between the projects is well
established. All factors related to agriculture and its advancement has been taken under
consideration and remodeling of old traditional methods if they are good for the land have been
executed in more scientific methods to get maximum results. It’s a comprehensive model and
works and every aspect of development including women empowerment, girl education,
computer literacy, skill development, promotion of extra-curricular activities such as essay
writing and debate competitions and sports, promotion and maintenance of local culture etc.
Parallel intervention in all spheres would ensure holistic growth of the villages.
 Project Execution:
The project being well researched and being handled by experts from the field maximizes
likelihood of its success since there is constant watch of an expert on the project. Scope of the
project is to produce model villages which can be used for development in other regions.
 Increased Initiative:
The activities are not restricted to the ones proposed in the proposal but interventions are made
as and when observed a need for by the team members and based on the conversations with the
villagers. For eg. The team found two abandoned cow sheds and hence renovated them and made
them into eco-huts to promote tourism. Also, in their computer classes, the students are taught
one hindi and one English word everyday in the form of ‘word of the day’. Also, the importance
of cleanliness is inculcated in the students. A small structure was constructed to direct the natural
water from higher grounds to be used as water for drinking and also it was channelized in a way
that it would irrigate the nearby fields. Small initiatives like that have an ability to have a major
impact. Also, it shows the level of involvement of the implementing agency and commitment
towards change.
 Sustainability:
Given the implementing agency is involving local population, for the most part, for the ground
level execution and implementation of the project, the project has a high scope of holding out to
53
be sustainable. The community mobilizers are being trained in the area of project execution and
management so that the implementing agency can slowly and gradually ease themselves out of
the area without the fear of the learning’s of the community being lost. The training to farmers
and other community members will also ensure that the impact of the project on the community
will be sustained for years to come. Also, since the implemented area was researched, the
activities have successfully managed to merge the natural resources of the geographical area
(like flora, fauna and herbs etc) to the livelihood of people. Natural resources like water are used
intelligently to increase man power efficiency by upgrading of ‘Jalchakki/ Gharat’. Use of the
strengths of the area will ensure increased sustainability of the project activities.
 Using Individual skills to promote alternate employment:
One of the most positive points of the project is that individual skills of the local people are
tapped into. They are encouraged and supported to enhance their skills and use it for income
generation. This is done through SHGs and SHG fund so that the skill can be developed in other
members of the community increasing scope of the income generating activity. Eg: One local
individual had done diploma in juice making and able to make Rose Juice and Brass Juice. The
skill was already there, he was supported through provision of infrastructure such as providing
vessels and mixer etc so that he can develop the product in a bigger quantity. This individual also
teaches the skill to other members of the SHG and profit made by the sale of these juices is
shared by all the members. The KMC team also plans to help packing and sale of these juices to
extend the scale of the activity.
 Visual aids for awareness:
The use of wall writings is the most basic method of spreading awareness. The use of this is well
thought of and should be increased.
6.6. Recommendations
 Equal Distribution:
Any kind of intervention activity, for it to lead to an overall growth of the community or for it to
be called a developmental activity must benefit all the members of the community equally. Also,
it must be taken care that social determinants such as class, caste, etc. do not come in the way of
the quality and quantity of benefits received by the community. Eg: Provision of 600 apple plants
to one farmer and 5 apple plants to another farmer, even if it is according to the size of the land
54
owned, would prove to be unequal distribution of wealth and aid in widening the gap in the long
run. Other benefits which would amount to the same benefit in the end can be given to those with
less amount of land.
 Collaborate with HNB:
The project can be collaborated with HNB as the work both the agencies are doing is same in
different locations. Both the agencies can learn from each other and can help each other in some
short comings. The exposure visits to the area of implementation of each agency should be
increased so that members of groups from both the agencies can learn from each other’s success
stories. When we say collaborated with KMC, we mean they can have monthly or two-monthly
meetings so as to combine efforts and accelerate growth by learning from each other’s
techniques and learning.
Given that both of them are working in the same geographical area and most of the issues they
are working on are similar in nature, too, joining hands could prove to have a greater impact of
the community. Discussing their project plans can also ensure that the villages in both the areas
get similar benefits since the project leaders for both the projects share their field of expertise,
joining forces could prove to be highly beneficial. Eg: HNB has implemented activities such as
poly houses and vermin-compost pits for the advancement of agriculture and to yield organic
produce. The methods and learning of the same can be used by KMC and implemented in their
project area as well.
 Follow-ups:
Regular follow-up visits can be made to the beneficiaries after exposure visits and training and
awareness programmes, so as to ensure that the knowledge is being put to use or to answer
question of the beneficiaries and look at gaps in execution by them, if any. However, the
verification of record needs to be done by THDC/ independent agency pertaining to the
financials for the last three years.
 Awareness:
Due to poor government policies convergence is a problem. There is lack of awareness amongst
people. So pressure groups can be created to take this forward. As per implementing agency and
literature review (Uniyal, 2006), it can be said that women are not given a status of farmer. So no
benefits are given to women by the government as a farmer where as all the work is done by
women in the farms. The gap in literacy rate too based on gender. Hence it is good to see that
55
women are central to all the activities in the project. However, awareness about government
policies and their rights in addition to efforts to converge with the government can be made to
further this effort to empower women.
 Water Shed Management:
Along with recharge pits, household level and cost-effective water shed management techniques
can be employed to work on the better usage of this resource since it’s available in plenty in
these regions due to optimum rainfall. Some of the villages already have water shed
management, and more villages can be made a part of this with the help of the community. Local
efforts for water shed management can also have major benefits such as improvement of
irrigation facilities, reduction of soil erosion and recharge of ground water level. Along with
increasing the involvement of the community in this effort, it was also increase the scale of the
conservation project.
Picture 9: Water Conservation through Rain Water Harvesting
 Training for household products:

Members of the SHG reported wanting to learn skills of pickle-making, papad-making, juice-
making and other house hold products so that they can produce these things within their group
and can increase their income and saving by selling those products in market. Training for
56
marketing can also be given to some

members of group who will be
responsible for selling of the products
in open market. Also, initial help to
create market linkages can be
provided.
 Smokeless Chullahs:
It was observed that the penetration of
Picture 10: Success Story (Juice making)
clean cooking fuel LPG is very less
among the villages. Most of the households in every village use traditional chullahs which
requires wood and dung as a fuel. Burning wood or dung has very adverse effects on the health
of women, as majorly women cook food in a household. It leads to various breathing problems,
eye problems, etc as she inhales many harmful toxins like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide
etc. Provision of an alternative which is close to the traditional methods along with it being less
of a financial liability than LPG needs to be introduced. Smokeless chullahs can be considered as
an option to be introduced in these villages.
 Waste land development:
The waste land available in the villages can be developed a put to appropriate use. The activity
can be done with the help of SHGs which are formed by the implementing agency. Also,
activities such as fencing around the farms to keep animals out can be taken up using SHGs
funds and involvement of the locals.
 Eco Tourism:
One of the methods to promote tourism that was observed in Himachal Pradesh was the concept
of ‘Home Stay’. With this tourism is promoted through engaging tourists with the local customs
and lifestyle and the local community. Local houses and families make a guest room in their
houses where tourists are allowed to stay with the family. Methods such as these can be
replicated in these areas as the tourism in this area already has a high scope given the religious
value associated with it. These would also prove to be alternate methods for income generation
for the local families.
 Expansion of scheme:
57
The scheme can be observed to have a positive impact on the community and should be
expanded to other villages in the area. Such as, the computer classes and stitching classes can be
started in other villages from where it’s difficult for the children to come and attend the class.
 Health and Hygiene projects can be done with higher frequency to induce the habit:
The sanitation initiative where positive reinforcement in the form of monetary prize is given to
promote sanitation and sanitary practices should be conducted at a higher frequency so as to
induce the habit of sanitation.
For the basic health facilities, THDC
had constructed Primary Health Center
for villagers to cater the primary
ailments such as skin diseases, fever,
cold and cough, joints pain and several
other problems for all the age group
and providing free medicines as per
requirement. They charge 5 rupees for
the card under OPD to escape the
notion of free to develop a sensitive
Picture 11: PHC for basic health care facilities approach towards health and health
care facilities.
 Bifurcation of the activities:
The project is widely scattered and it is difficult to keep tap on each and every activities as all
were organised in different villages. The project should be categorized under heads such as
education, health, livelihood and agriculture as it becomes easy to calculate the number of
activities conducted for particular area of intervention.
It is also analyzed that the project executed more short term activities where impact is merely
visible as it might not have long term effects on beneficiaries in the area of education and health.
58
Chapter 7: Charitable Homeopathic

Dispensary at village Dhauntari in
Uttarkashi, & Galiyakhet in Tehri
Garhwal, Uttrakhand
7.1. Introduction
Health care is a right of every individual citizen of India. India is facing challenging in matching
the supply of health care resources with the growing demand on account of population growth,
improving socio-economic and increasing diseases burden of lifestyle diseases. Further, a major
chunk of population lack access to basic amenities such as clean drinking water and sanitation. In
India seventy percent of the population inhabited in semi-urban and rural areas. According to
statistics, 80% of the health care infrastructure is built in urban areas. For instance, there are
369,351 government beds in urban areas and a mere 143, 049 beds in rural areas. Some other
alarming facts about status of health care infrastructure in rural areas vis-à-vis urban areas are:
 Rural doctors to population ratio is lower by six times

 Rural beds to population ratio is lower by 15 times
 Seven out of ten medicines in rural areas are substandard / counterfeit
 Sixty six percent of the rural population lack access to critical medicine
 Thirty one percent of the rural population travels for over 30 kilometers for medical
treatment
The major differences identified for under developed infrastructure in the semi urban and rural
areas are due to lack of investment incentives for private sector investment, inefficiencies in the
public health care system, poor implementation of programmes and policies and lack of a quality
human resource pool and supply and distribution infrastructure.
59
The village’s condition is precarious in the scenario of health-care, sanitation, and safe drinking
water. The problems such as non-availability of potable water hampers individual's health,
unhygienic environment due to open defecation, dysfunctional drainage system, water stagnation
and water logging give birth to various communicable and water borne diseases. All these health
hazards and environment degradation are prone to illness amongst the villagers.
The health institutions are located far away from the villages. The villagers have to commute at
long distance to access the health care facilities. All the institutions are established at the larger
distance and for major ailment treatment they commute to Rishikesh to access the government
and private hospital for medical assistance. In few of the villages, chemist shop and local
doctors/RMPs are located. Majority of the population from the seven surveyed villages access
treatment from quacks. These quacks do not hold any professional degree and practice medicine
with few years of experience. For primary mode of treatment the villagers have highest
dependency on RMPs due to easy availability, accessibility and nominal expenses which drags
the populations to visit these doctors. The other difficulty attached to it is transportation. The
villagers are not able to access the medical institutions due to unsatisfactory transportation
facility. The distance becomes the huge barrier to access medical facilities.
7.2. Implementing Agency

SWAMI NARAYAN MISSION SOCIETY
Swami Narayan Mission Society is a charitable society, it’s been registered under FCRA (reg no.
IT/21022/99(0028)/2011-FCRA II. The Narayan Mission Society has its own well maintained
Homeopathic Charitable Dispensary.
7.2.1. The main features of the Dispensary:

1. In the dispensary the patients are checked by Dr. Swami Narayan Dass
2. In the dispensary there is no registration charges for the patient
3. All the medical check-up is free of cost
4. All types of medicines required shall be available free of cost
5. If the medicine is not available in the dispensary the patient has to purchase it from the
market
60
6. Patient shall have to go to the laboratory if the doctor needs the report of urine, blood and
sputum
7. Narayan Mission Society is a charitable Society, so if anybody wants to donate some
homeopathic medicines can do. If someone is willing to help the doctor or patients can do
so.
7.3. Objectives
1. To provide basic health care facilities to project affected areas.
2. To assess the health problem prevailing in the villages
3. To improve the health conditions amongst them

As discussed above, health care is an important pillar for well being of every individual. The
relevance of initiating this project was to provide health care facilities to people who were
affected due to dam project. It was observed that there are no primary health care facilities
available in the villages. To access primary health care facilities THDC collaborated with Swami
Narayan Mission Society and established Homeopathic Dispensaries in Dhauntari.
61
Picture 12: Dispensary constructed by THDC

 Availability of Staff:
In the dispensary, there is one BHMS Homeopathic doctor and a helper. The primary objective is
to provide basic health facilities to needy peoples. The dispensary is equipped with basic
facilities such as free medicines, first aiding and regular checkups for minor ailments. For major
ailments doctor refers patient to district hospital where treatment can be provided appropriately.
Note* For OPD patients five rupee is charged for the card. The reason behind is to make
villagers aware about the importance of health, also health facilities access by them during
emergencies as they receive medicines free of cost from the dispensary.
 Existing health care institutions:
As witnessed in villages, there is no government institutions established such as CHCs, PHCs

and government hospitals. There are majority of the villagers who are dependent on chemist
shops, private doctors and quacks. The government hospital is established in Uttrakashi District
which is farther from villages.
62
Also, after the construction of the dam transportation cost has increased due to extension of
routes. It becomes difficult for patients to travel to PHCs and government hospital.
 Diseases Identified:
While interaction with doctor it was documented that major general problem observed amongst
villagers were Bronchitis, Skin problems, constipation, joint pain, fever, diarrhea, asthma and
blood pressure. For all regular/general problems homeopathy medicines function better than
allopathic medicines.
 Health Impact:
After interviewing the villagers it was identified that they are satisfied with treatment provided in
homeopathic dispensary. They informed that before they had to invest huge money for minor
ailment treatment from private doctors and quacks. This project has impacted in a positive
direction in a way that homeopathy medicines has no side effects; do not harm internally and
externally as well, safe and secure, eradicate the diseases from the root and medicines are
provided free of cost. The medicines are provided by Swami Narayan Mission Society
(Rishikesh) as per the demand of the dispensary.
 Usage:
The dispensary is set up in Dhauntari and Galiyakhet, Pratap Nagar Block, Tehri. It is accessed
across fifteen and ten villages respectively during need and emergency. It was observed that
maximum number of patients are availing and accessing basic health care facilities from
dispensary. It was also observed that on an average 60-70 OPD patients are accessing
homeopathic dispensary which indicates the impact of the project.
 Sustainability:
The dispensary is been established from past 4-5 years and it is working smoothly with THDC
and Swami Narayan Mission Society support system. It was observed and informed by doctor
that medicines provided to dispensary is quite old by mission (rishikesh). There was conflict of
opinion as doctor told that even homeopathy medicines gets expired and when cross checked
with Dr. Narayan he informed that content called spirit does not get expired.
63
For the safety of the patients it is requested to THDC to closely observe this matter and discuss
with both doctor and implementing agency.
7.6. Suggestions
1. For project sustainability it would be suggested to equip the dispensary with advance
health care facilities. This would suffice the needs of the villagers as for x-rays, testing
and injuries they have to commute to district hospital which is way to reach on time of
emergencies.
2. Awareness generation programmes For better health impact it would be suggested that
quarterly camps, awareness generation sessions, trainings should be conducted by
dispensary. This will sensitize the villagers about health; sanitation, clean drinking water,
regular checkups, cleanliness, immunization and adolescent problems. These basics shall
help them in developing better understanding of their diseases and health problems.
64
Chapter 8: HERDS- Self Employment

generation programme through back
yard Poultry Farming in Pratapnagar
Block, Tehri Distt.
Himalayan Educational and Resource
Development Society (HERDS)
8.1. Introduction
Livelihood is a pivotal prerequisite that fulfills necessities for all individuals across world. In
country like India, major livelihood option is agriculture and along with it several other activities
were explored to elevate options for livelihood such as animal husbandry, horticulture,
sericulture, non-agro based labour activities and dairy activities etc maximum in rural India.
Both farm and non-farm activities create a balance and pool of opportunities for sustainability of
livelihood.
The Definition quoted by (Chambers and Conway, 1991) A livelihood comprises the
capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities required for a
mean of living. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stress and
shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future, while
not undermining the natural resource base.
In contrary, India is facing numbers of issues which affects development of livelihood

opportunity. Livelihoods are formed within different contexts; social, economic and political.
There are several Institutions, processes and policies, such as markets, social norms and
regulations, and land ownership policies affect our ability to access and use assets for a
65
favourable outcome. As these contexts changes they create new livelihood obstacles or
opportunities.9
8.1.2. Livelihood Contexts10:

Social Relations The way in which gender, ethnicity, culture, history, religion and kinship
affects the livelihood of different groups within a community
Social and Political Decision making processes, civil bodies, social rules and norms,
Organizations democracy, leadership, power, authority, rent seeking behavior
Governance The form and quality of government systems including structures, power,
efficient and effectiveness, right and representation
Service Delivery The effectiveness and responsiveness of state and private sector agencies
engaged in delivery of services such as education, health, water and
sanitation
Resource access The social norms, customs and behaviours (or rules of the game) that
institutions define people’s access to resources.

HERDS is voluntary organization Registered under the Society Registration act of 1860 in
Uttrakhand State of India. HERDS has successfully completed projects about Watershed
Management, Livelihood, Health and Environment awareness etc.
Legal Status:
Registered under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860, Uttrakhand. Registration No.
165/1988-89 dated 13 May 1999
CRA certification (No. 347960041, dated 15th August 2008) entitles HERDS to receive foreign
aid under permanent and grants from international agencies. It is also registered under the
9
http://www.unisdr.org/files/16771_16771guidancenoteonrecoveryliveliho.pdf
10
http://www.unisdr.org/files/16771_16771guidancenoteonrecoveryliveliho.pdf
66
Foreign Contributions Regulation Act (FCRA) 1976. “Holistic, integrated and sustainable
development of the hill people based on their cultural values, traditions and resources.”
HERDS Mission
“Empowering people to take their development decisions themselves and build a stable society
that is free of social, economic and gender inequity.
HERDS Goal
“Provide sustainable food security, socio economic security and promotion of livelihoods to the
rural poor households”
Thrust Areas
HERDS is functioning under three thrust areas; Education and Awareness, Livelihood and Water
Conservation. There are several Sponsoring Organization had initiated the projects for the
development of the Uttrakhand region. The project Poultry Development Program for weaker
section of the society to promote livelihood through Self Generation Employment Programme
through back yard Poultry farming in Pratap Nagar Block, Tehri District

The project was initiated by HERDS, Chamba, Tehri, to generate employability in selected
villages and replicate same project in other villages as well. The project aimed at selection of
beneficiaries for poultry as source of livelihood at different stages. After the rehabilitation of the
villages at different areas, new predicaments were arisen, to combat, several livelihood
programmes were development to provide livelihood to the needy at individual and community
level.
8.4. Objectives
The main objective of the project is to enhance the livelihood status and bring out sustainable
growth. It also aims at empowering the community to develop. The main objectives are:
 To provide an alternate source of employment generation specially for youth of villages
67
 To establish 155 chick rearing units during a course of 4 years in Pratap Nagar block of
Tehri Garhwal
 To provide a complete technical know how to conduct this activity
 To inform about different diseases of chick along with necessary medicines to cure it.
 To highlight a sustainable programme on livelihood generation having the potential of
replication in other geographies of this region.
8.5. Selection Criterion

The designing of the project was build up by HERDS for the implementation of the project. The
project is undertaken in 38
villages of Pratap Nagar block
of Tehri District. The project
was divided in several phases;
selection of beneficiary,
training of beneficiary,
identifying new units, return of
poultry by beneficiary and
establishing new units. It’s a Picture 13: Chicks and Hens distributed to Beneficiaries
continuous cycle in which

beneficiary would generate livelihood and after set up of poultry unit shall return to the
implementing agency.
1. Selection of Beneficiaries:
For the selection of beneficiaries, an open gram sabha meeting was organized and on the basis of
interest the candidates was selected for the poultry unit project. The chicks were distributed in
three phases to the candidates for the sustainability of the project.
2. Training of beneficiary:
In this phase, after the selection of beneficiary across pratap nagar block, training was major
important component in which, beneficiaries were trained about the poultry and its sustainability.
68
All information was provided in the training sessions conducted for beneficiaries related to
feeding to chicks, health care, and their survival as boilers were provided to all beneficiaries.
Boilers are hybrid chicks that were handed over to all beneficiaries as there is more probability
of their survival in low temperature.
3. Identifying new units
As mentioned above, the beneficiaries have to return poultry units to HERDS for further identify
and establish new units in different villages.
4. Return of poultry by beneficiary:
In this phase, beneficiaries have to return poultry unit after one year period for the formation of
new poultry units.
5. Establishing new units:
The new units shall be established simultaneously introduced to other villages to expand the
project in Pratap Nagar Block.
List of 38 Villages:
Padiya Guad Motna Chaundar
Bhelunta Syalgi Mukhmal Dangi
Onal Mohalya Deen gaon Ghandiyal
Mukhem Pokhri Khurmola Raunya
Kangsali Bhengi Pathiyana Kanda
Kotga Banali Silwal gaon Dandasari Kudyal gaon
Kharoli Ramol gaon Jakhni Kyari
Pujar Kuran Kholgad
69

 Trainings:
Training and awareness generation for exploring livelihood options is foremost important
component of this programme. After the selection of the beneficiaries, training was conducted to
aware them about poultry. Various equipments were provided to them which would help them to
feed chicks appropriately. HERDS had provided chicks, steel net, feeder, drinker, feed of a
quintal each month and basic calcium medicines. One day training is also organised with
veterinary doctor, helps to understand the health care issues with chicks. In any circumstances, a
hen dies a formal post mortem is conducted by veterinary doctor and in return beneficiary
receives a new hen if death is due to any health problems.
 Distribution of Chicks:
The interested candidates were handed over chicks free of cost with all equipments and after the
period of one year they have to return the poultry. The huge draw back identified was ignorance
and lack of sensitization of beneficiaries towards their livelihood. Due to temperature and other
external factors huge no. of chicks dies initially which affects beneficiaries and on later stage
they aren’t able to return poultry on demanded time. Initially, the numbers of chicks distributed
to beneficiaries were quite high which resulted to high deaths amongst chicks due to ignorance
and inadequate knowledge, feed and space.
 Breed of chicks:
It was observed on field that Boilers were distributed to all individual families as it’s a hybrid
who can sustain in high and low
temperatures. The consequences of
distributing hybrid chicks were; high
consumption of feed, bites other
chicks which spreads diseases
amongst them, do not lay their eggs
(provide warmth). On economical
front, high maintenance is required Picture 14: Fencing done by beneficiaries for hen’s safety
70
with Boilers which is difficult to practice by beneficiaries.
To balance the situation, coilers (regular chicks) should be provided to beneficiaries as they
hatch and lay the eggs.
 Availability of feed:
For initial six months, beneficiaries are provided feed on subsidized rates which helped them in
feeding their chicks. After six months, it became challenging for beneficiaries to feed chicks as
they consumed more than expected which raised beneficiary expenses specifically on feed. Also,
chicks feed is not easily available in the market to which they have to commute at larger
distance. However, it also added transportation cost to it that made it expensive for beneficiaries
on initial levels.
 Construction of fencing home for chicks:
On the field it was observed that beneficiaries are facing shortage of space for chicks/hens.
Initially, they were provided fencing box that was sufficient for chicks. Later, chicks grew up to
hen it was addressed shortage of space to accommodate them. Also, beneficiaries took chicks in
bulk which created difficulty in accommodating them in later period.
 Health care of poultry:
The availability and accessibility of doctor is also one of the major problem identified while
interviewing the beneficiaries. The veterinary doctor is not present in all villages which affect the
beneficiaries during emergencies. It was observed that the diseases prevailed amongst chicks are
communicable which affects other chicks as well. To counter that medicines and doctors check
up is required.
Quarterly trainings shall be promoted for the health of both livestock and villagers. The
important information should be delivered which can be used by beneficiaries at time of
emergencies. Cleanliness should be given prime importance in such situations which creates less
haphazard.
 Sustainability:
71
On a whole, the project sustainability is underlined because the impact is merely visible. In some
villages the project is functioning efficiently but in majority the project has cumbersome flaws.
Therefore, planning and implementation should be revamped in an innovative way. The project
was resumed on a large scale which is highly appreciated but a pilot study was required to assess
the consequences of the project.
All the interested candidates get influenced and demands, as there is no structured criterion for
selection of beneficiaries, they have to be provided poultry to beneficiaries irrespective of biases.
In such situations there is high probability of misleading of activity by beneficiaries due to
availability of free resources. This affects the impact of the project as high numbers of villagers
and families do not participate transparently which diminishes the sustainability of project on
long term.
72
Chapter 9: Self Employment Generation

programme through back yard Poultry
Farming in Thauldhar Block, Tehri
RADS – Rural Area Development Society
(Poultry)
9.1. Introduction
Livelihood is significant component of every individual’s life for quality life and sustainability.
In India, there are diversities due to several grounds; topography, religion, region, linguistics etc
that also influences occupation and livelihood opportunities. It is observed there is huge disparity
between rural and urban segments which has affected the livelihood opportunities for
development. The main and primary occupation is agriculture on which 70% population is
dependent. Along with it, majority of the population had identified and categorized occupational
activities in other areas as agricultural labours, non-agricultural labour, diary, horticulture,
animal husbandry, sericulture, etc for livelihood.
In context of State, the youth population mainly faces difficulties in availing proper livelihood
opportunities. Among all the surveyed villages majority of youth population was found to be not
having any livelihood options and so are dependent on others. There are very less numbers of
youth population who are engaged in some kind of income generation activities, that too
majority of them are engaged in non-skilled labour work. It was observed during the survey that
the female population of all the villages is not engaged in any income generation activities; they
stay within house and do household chores. There are some women in the villages who are
engaged in farming activities but only partially as an extra helping hand to the men of their
households.
The objective of the project must focus towards generating livelihood options for holistic growth
of people. This will reduce migration by providing employment opportunities, boosting
agriculture, and animal husbandry to transcend development by using available resource. The
73
goal of the project is not to provide villagers free of cost services but to make them self-
sufficient and self-reliant through training, awareness and guidance. So support is given at the
beginning and beneficiaries are made a part of the decision-making process at all steps. Local
population is engaged in promotion of these activities and after the initial support they are
encouraged to tie up with relevant departments and organizations as well as government agencies
for further assistance.

Grahmin Kshetra Vikas Samiti is a non-governmental organization that works with communities
in the hill state of Uttrakhand. The society was formed under Society registration act 1860, Sec
XXI Society Registration No-758/13236 D dated 24th June 1999. When a group of young people
started development works in the area of Tehri district. The young group’s main thrust was on
empowerment and drudgery reduction of poor people with special focus on women. This would
be crucial to their effort for restoration of rights to these marginalized communities. When young
people started this society, the status of women was very miserable due to heavy work load and
poor sanitation.
These young people decided work for sanitation, fodder development & provide drinking
facilities. This was achieved by training to various Department village Water Sanitation
Committee, constructing low cost toilet, fodder pot & Ferro cement tank with help of Unicef &
IFAD. Now society works in two state Himachal pardesh & Uttarakhand for empowerment of
women.
Although the society was registered in June 1999 but its length of service is quite long. It has
been carrying out its social services in rural areas of Uttarakhand. Society was registered with
basic aim of providing Training & social services to all community particularly to youth,
women, children and disabled persons residing in rural areas of Uttarakhand.
Experience society has been carrying out activities for the welfare of Rural People. These
activities include training to organization of awareness camp, vocational training program
family planning & construction of low cost toilet, rain water harvesting tank & fodder pot etc.
The society has been experience able to achieve this work by joining hands With HRD Cell UP
JAl NIGAM Lucknow,UNICEF, Swajal, Jalshanshthan, LIPH,IFAD,Ministray of Social
74
Justice ,ATI Nainital, Ministry of Rural Development & TSC. As a result The society has
acquired good experience in this field. So far, it employs 25 people on full time basis and has a
training hall that accommodates 300 participants. Residential capacity for 100 people & it has
5 office of which three are rented & two are own. Society has two vehicles & 10 computers.
Society has published an advertisement for recruiting new staff for the project. 11
9.2.1. Mission and Vision

There vision is to see women happy, children and Disabled from Happy Families and Happy
Communities. We are working with and for the process of progress for a society that is
sympathetic to, and in keeping with the wishes of women, Children and Disabled. Women,
Children and Disabled have a special bond with the natural world and working towards the
regeneration of a society that makes children happy will ensure a development that is in harmony
with the environment.
Children are more sensitive, so involving children in the development process will ensure that
we adopt holistic approaches to development rather than concentrating only on economic and
material advancement. A society that is committed to the needs of its children is one that is
sensitive to the need of a development process that is based on the values of peace, harmony,
equality and sustainability. We want policy and action in the new state of Uttrakhand to center
on the development of happy children.
Their mission is to work with children and communities, it organizations/institutions,

government, technical and academic institutions and other civil society groups to create a society
where every child is happy- their well being assured. And naturally happy children need to be
happy families need happy communities in which to flourish.
All societies want their children to be happy and therefore work consciously or unconsciously
towards this end. We have to support and encourage families and communities to achieve this
seemingly straightforward goal of happy children. In societies where progress is slow or is
skewed we intend to work towards empowering communities to adopt a holistic and wholesome
approach to the processes of progress and development. Together we have to empower children
11
http://www.gkvs.co.in/Mission&Vision.html
75
to be involved in the making of their own destinies. We will encourage everyone who agrees to
commit to our project.
9.3. Projects of the Implementing Agency

 Capacity Building of Village Water & Sanitaion Commite and Mahila Care Taker (DAI)
 Child Environment Project
 Swashakti Project
 Swarn Jayanti Swrojgar Yojna
 Survey of Rural Products in Uttarakhand
 District Disabled re habitation Center
 Training of Rastriya Sewa karmi
 Promotion and linkage of SHGs
 Rural Building Center
 Kopal Project
 Kishori Uthan
 Swyam Sidha
 Himalya Ajeevika Sudhar Paryojna
 Provided Assured Employment through Strengthening of Social Services in Sc
Dominated Villages of Uttaranchal
 SWAP Progrrame (SWAJAL)
 Training to Early detection and prevention of childhood disability
 Uttarakhand Mahila Samekiti
 Bench Mark Survey & Monitoring RSVY
 NGP Verification in Hiamchal Pardesh
 Construction 200 RWT
 Training to PRI Member about 73rd Constitution
9.4. Objectives
The main objective of the project is to enhance the livelihood status and bring sustainable
growth. It also aims at empowering the community to develop. The main objectives are:
76
 To provide an alternate source of employment generation specially for youth of villages

 To establish 159 chick rearing units during a course of 4 years of Thauldhar block of tehri
garhwal.
 To provide a complete technical know how to conduct this activity
 To inform about different diseases of chicks along with necessary medicines to cure it
 To high light a sustainable program on livelihood generation having the potential of
replication in other geographies of this region
9.5. Relevance of the project

The project is taken up through an NGO “Rural Area Development Society” (RADS) Ranichori,
Tehri for sustaining the livelihood (poultry) for needy villagers. The project was resumed under
54 villages of Thauldar block of Tehri District.
There were two organisations working together for the same project; RADS and HERDS as
implementing agency.
Picture 15: Hens provided by RADS
77
9.6. Selection criterion

The designing of the project was build up by RADS for the implementation of the project. The
project is undertaken in 54 villages of Thauldar block of Tehri District. The project was divided
in several phases; selection of beneficiary, training of beneficiary, identifying new units, return
of poultry by beneficiary and establishing new units. It’s a continuous cycle in which beneficiary
would generate livelihood and after set up of poultry unit shall return to the implementing
agency.
Selection of Beneficiaries:
For the selection of beneficiaries, an open gram sabha meeting was organized and on the basis of
interest the candidates was selected for the poultry unit project. The chicks were distributed in
three phases to the candidates for the sustainability of the project.
Training of beneficiary:
In this phase, after the selection of beneficiary across Thauldar block, training was major
important component in which, beneficiaries were trained about the poultry and its sustainability.
All information was provided in the training sessions conducted for beneficiaries related to
feeding to chicks, health care, and their survival as boilers were provided to all beneficiaries.
Boilers are hybrid chicks that were handed over to all beneficiaries as there is more probability
of their survival in low temperature.
Identifying new units
As mentioned above, the beneficiaries have to return poultry units to HERDS for further identify
and establish new units in different villages.
Return of poultry by beneficiary:
In this phase, beneficiaries have to return poultry unit after one year period for the formation of
new poultry units.
Establishing new units:
78
The new units shall be established simultaneously introduced to other villages to expand the
project in Pratap Nagar Block.

 Trainings:
Training and awareness generation for exploring livelihood options is foremost important
component of this programme. After the selection of the beneficiaries, training was conducted to
aware them about poultry. Various equipments were provided to them which would help them to
feed chicks appropriately. RADS had provided chicks, steel net, feeder, drinker, feed of a quintal
each month and basic calcium medicines. One day training is also organised with veterinary
doctor, helps to understand the health care issues with chicks. In any circumstances, a hen dies a
formal post mortem is conducted by veterinary doctor and in return beneficiary receives a new
hen if death is due to any health problems.
 Distribution of Chicks:
The interested candidates were handed over chicks free of cost with all equipments and after the
period of one year they have to return the poultry. The huge draw back identified was ignorance
and lack of sensitization of beneficiaries towards their livelihood. Due to temperature and other
external factors huge no. of chicks dies initially which affects beneficiaries and on later stage
they aren’t able to return poultry on demanded time. Initially, the numbers of chicks distributed
to beneficiaries were quite high which resulted to high deaths amongst chicks due to ignorance
and inadequate knowledge, feed and space.
 Breed of chicks:
It was observed on field that Boilers were distributed to all individual families as it’s a hybrid
who can sustain in high and low temperatures. The consequences of distributing hybrid chicks
were; high consumption of feed, bites other chicks which spreads diseases amongst them, do not
lay their eggs (provide warmth). On economical front, high maintenance is required with Boilers
which is difficult to practice by beneficiaries.
79
To balance the situation, coilers (regular chicks) should be provided to beneficiaries as they
hatch and lay the eggs.
 Availability of feed:
For initial six months, beneficiaries are provided feed on subsidized rates which helped them in
feeding their chicks. After six months, it became challenging for beneficiaries to feed chicks as
they consumed more than expected which raised beneficiary expenses specifically on feed. Also,
chicks feed is not easily available in the market to which they have to commute at larger
distance. However, it also added transportation cost to it that made it expensive for beneficiaries
on initial levels.
 Construction of fencing home

for chicks:
On the field it was observed that

beneficiaries are facing shortage of space
for chicks/hens. Initially, they were
provided fencing box that was sufficient
for chicks. Later, chicks grew up to hen it
Picture 16: Fencing done by beneficiaries
was addressed shortage of space to
accommodate them. Also, beneficiaries took chicks in bulk which created difficulty in
accommodating them in later period.
 Health care of poultry:
The availability and accessibility of doctor is also one of the major problem identified while
interviewing the beneficiaries. The veterinary doctor is not present in all villages which affect the
beneficiaries during emergencies. It was observed that the diseases prevailed amongst chicks are
communicable which affects other chicks as well. To counter that medicines and doctors check
up is required.
Quarterly trainings shall be promoted for the health of both livestock and villagers. The
important information should be delivered which can be used by beneficiaries at time of
80
emergencies. Cleanliness should be given prime importance in such situations which creates less
haphazard.
 Sustainability:
On a whole, the project sustainability is underlined because the impact is merely visible. In some
villages the project is functioning efficiently but in majority the project has cumbersome flaws.
Therefore, planning and implementation should be revamped in an innovative way. The project
was resumed on a large scale which is highly appreciated but a pilot study was required to assess
the consequences of the project.
All the interested candidates get influenced and demands, as there is no structured criterion for
selection of beneficiaries, they have to be provided poultry to beneficiaries irrespective of biases.
In such situations there is high probability of misleading of activity by beneficiaries due to
availability of free resources. This affects the impact of the project as high numbers of villagers
and families do not participate transparently which diminishes the sustainability of project on
long term.
 Formation of Foundation for poultry:
For the sustainability of the project RADS has formed a foundation for the groups to solve the
problems of the villagers. The foundation is formed amongst the group members for the smooth
functioning of the project. It was observed that villagers (beneficiaries) were not aware of the
foundation formed by RADS as they seemed void about it.
81
Chapter 10: Empowerment and

Enhancement of livelihood of 30 Rim
Areas Villages through Integrated
Development
10.1. Introduction
Development too can have a flip side, just as is the case with everything else. The villages under
the district of Tehri are a perfect example of how development can have a major impact on the
lives of the villagers in and around the area in terms of changes in their geography, land
composition, availability of natural resources, employment etc. Before the implementation of this
project, a baseline survey was conducted in the 30 villages to assess the ways in which the
villager’s lives had been altered due to the construction of the dam and what are the major needs
of the village for its utmost restoration and development.
The findings of the survey indicated that there was heavy degradation of natural resources due to
the construction of the dam as well as natural causes. The six affected natural resources, which
the HNB team labels as 6 J’s, are Jal, Jungle, Jameen, Jan, Janwar and Jalvayu. Along with this,
other problems that were discovered were:
1. Out migration: People of the village, especially the youth, preferred migrating to nearby
towns for employment opportunities since there are not too many opportunities available
within the villages. This results in a major loss in terms of man power within the villages
which in turn obstructs its overall growth. Hence there was a need to increase livelihood
options and intervention in the existing livelihood opportunities to increase their yield for the
people. This was one of the major goals of the project.
2. Workload on Women: Woman in these areas are seen to be highly burdened with doing the
household chores, helping with the farming, fetching water from far-off sources, collecting
wood for fuel etc. They walk as much as 8kms to fetch water and collect wood and, as per
HNBs research, spend upto 18hours a day working. This gives them very less to spend with
82
their children and families and no time for themselves. If the drudgery of women could be
reduced, women can be engaged in other skill development activities which could prove to
be income generation sources in the future and increase their overall free time which they
could use productively in other activities. Making women self-sufficient and reducing
drudgery is another major goal of this project which is achieved through a combination of
different activities like forming of MMDs, providing training etc.
3. Unemployment: Given that these villages are basically agrarian in nature, there aren’t many
employment opportunities apart from own farming or being engaged as agricultural labour or
other kind of labour work. Also, since the farmers here use age-old traditional techniques of
farming and are not updated about the advancements in the field of agriculture, the yield of
their crops is low and the fertility of their lands, deteriorating. Hence, according to the
villagers, they are only able to produce enough for domestic use and not enough for
commercial purposes. Hence, the villagers need to be introduced to newer employment
avenues as well as farmers need to be trained in new and advanced scientific techniques of
faring to get the maximum results from available land.
4. Drinking water and Sanitation: Although water is plenty in the villages, but the water
sources are far off and no private tap connections are available. Women need to walk far-off
distances each day to carry water back home for drinking as well as domestic purposes.
5. Uneven rain distribution: Given the agrarian nature of the villages and the fact that all of
agriculture in these villages is dependent on rain water for irrigation, rain water is an
indispensible resource which needs to be used wisely. Hence rain water harvesting and water
management is an important area of intervention in this regard.
6. Poor animal husbandry: Animal rearing in these villages is very poor which are a cause and
also a sign of plummeting agriculture in the area. Agriculture needs to be given a boost in the
area because the soil of the land is highly potent and capable of excellent produce if used
scientifically. Also, poor animal husbandry affects manuring of the farms and hence the
farmers resort to the use of chemicals for manure which is not good for the soil as well as for
the fertility of the land. Due to this there are many crops which are also becoming extinct.
Animal husbandry needs to be encouraged in these villages.
So the major objective of the project is to enhance and accelerate the holistic growth of the
people and the villages as a whole and to reduce migration by providing employment
83
opportunities, boosting agriculture, and animal husbandry to transcend development by efficient

and scientific use of the available resources of the area. These villages are rich in various
resources which need to be tapped into in a systematic manner for the overall and holistic growth
of the villages and its people. The goal of the project is not to provide villagers free of cost
services but to make them self-sufficient and self-reliant through training, awareness and
guidance. So support is given at the beginning and beneficiaries are made a part of the decision-
making process at all steps. Local population is engaged in promotion of these activities and after
the initial support they are encouraged to tie up with relevant departments and organizations as
well as government agencies for further assistance. The HNB team slowly decide to make the
people independent enough to withdraw completely from the area, in time, handing over all the
learning’s and execution to the local population.
10.2. The aims and objectives as outlined by HNB are as follows

 At present, the project is implemented in 30 rim area villages and shall be extended in a
phased manner to other villages.
 To carry out activities of ecological, socio economic empowerment and livelihood.
 To carry out awareness camps, training programmes, awarding progressive farmers etc from
time to time.
 To provide scientific input to the farmers in agriculture/horticulture activities to increase
production in order to increase income.
 To prepare the training programme for empowering youth male and female through
various primary activities for job/business.
 To demonstrate Farms related to Horticulture (Fruits), Food Crops, Herbs, Medicinal
plants, Ginger, off season vegetables etc as educative centers for other farmers to
adopt such techniques.
 To explore mechanism for market linkage for quick disposal of produce.
 To evaluate the activities for empowerment from time to time with the help of experts and
local communities.
 To promote improved method of cooking, clean drinking water, soil management.
 To check the penance of social evils in the society.
 Natural resource management through Water Management, Forest Development,
84
 Wasteland Management, Water Harvesting, Fodder Development, Slope Management,

Stream Ecology.
 To reduce drudgery of women’s.
 To empower women, marginalize and underprivileged people.
Empowerment and enhancement of livelihood of 30 rim area villages through integrated

development
Sr. Impact
Activity Implement
no. Activities durati Impact
Resources ation
on
1. Community Skill Benefits: Increased

Promotion mobilizers, cohesiveness, understanding
and subject organization and flow of money,
strengthening experts, organized group activities for
of 30 and space to Ongoing Long- higher results in income generation
newly formed hold since 2011 Term
Farmer Self meetings, Resource Benefit: Accruement of
Help Groups other financial and man power
(FSHGs) physical resources, income generation
resources through various group activities.
2. Agricultural Skill Benefits: Learning of
land, subject scientific methods of agriculture to
Agriculture experts, increase yield. Training and

Short guidance in new techniques.
demonstration hired Completed
Term
Plots vehicle for Resource Benefit: Implementation
commutatio of learning and increase in yield of
n crops
85
4. Resource Benefits: Received high

High breed breed seeds for growing
Promotion of
seeds, One-time Short vegetables. Farming of these led to
off-season
subject activity term increased income and knowledge
vegetables
experts about future scope of vegetable
farming.
5. Resource Benefits: Acquired

Implemente
assets in the form of goats. The
d on Short
Goat Rearing Funds goats have multiplied and their
request by term
value raised, hence financial
villagers
increment.
6. Expanding Community Skill Benefits: Increased

and mobilizers, cohesiveness, understanding
strengthening subject organization and flow of money,
MMDs experts, organized group activities for
through space to Long- higher results in income generation
Ongoing
traditional hold term
crops, meetings, Resource Benefit: Accruement of
vegetables other financial and man power
and spice physical resources, income generation
marketing resources through various group activities.
7. Skills Benefit: Training for

plantation activity. Knowledge and
Plantation guidance of planting different
Establishing 2
seeds, land Mediu plants.
multipurpose Ongoing
for m term
nursery Resource Benefits: Can prove to
plantation
be added source of employment.
Degraded land reclaimed and
increased use of land in the
86
villages.
8. Agricultural Skill Benefits: Training in
land, subject plantation of a high yielding

Short fodder crop which would benefit
experts,
Fodder demo to animal husbandry
resources
plot: Napier Ongoing Mediu
for Resource Benefits: Reduces
grass m
plantation of drudgery of women. Provides high
Term
Napier quality fodder. Increased fodder
Grass availability. Additional Income
9. Skill Benefits: Training and

Land, guidance in alternate and scientific
willing Short methods of farming to increase
participants, to yield
Poly House Ongoing
subject mediu
experts, m-term Resource Benefits: Increased
seeds production capacity in reduced

time, hence, financial benefits.
10. Plantation
activity under
Resource Benefits: Reduces
environment Seeds, Mediu
effects of human induced bio
conservation subject Completed m
diversity loss and hence a step
and nature experts Term
towards a balanced ecosystem
recourse
management
11. Capacity Skill Benefits: Learnt new

building Subject Long techniques of farming like poly
Completed
programme Experts Term house farming which helps them to
for improve their economic status in
87
community the society.
12. Skill Benefits: Holding yoga

camps and teaching them
techniques promotes better health
and practice of healthy ways of
living. It was observed that
community members continue to
Yoga and practice yoga even after the
Ayurvedic Subject Short completion of the workshop.
Completed
medicine Experts Term
camp Resource Benefits: The
beneficiaries receive medicinal
plants such as Amla, Bhageda,
Harada, etc. and also receive
training of how to grow, mix and
use them for promoting better
health and health remedies.
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10.3. Area of Implementation

Selection of villages: Criterion:
1. Most affected: Total 180 villages were affected in all but they selected the most
representative villages.
2. Major land use change
3. Proximity from reservoir
4. People (SC dominated villages)
5. Migration rate
2 blocks (Pratapnagar and Jakhanidhar Block) - They are connected to dam, slide prone area and
loose mountain
10.4. About the implementing agency

The HemwatiNandanBahuguna(HNB) Garhwalis a Central University with its Headquarters at
Srinagar, Garhwal (Uttarakhand), some 108 K.M. from Rishikesh along the Delhi-Niti National
Highway.
The activities proposed by HNB Garhwal University for one year were decided after a series of
discussion with SEWA-THDC officials, experts from THDC, experts from various universities
about particular fields, community members and local representatives of the proposed 30 areas.
The proposed activities by HNB Garhwal University were:
 Promotion of Sustainable livelihoods

1. Baseline Survey of 30 villages
2. Promotion and strengthening of 30 Self Help Farmers Group
3. Establishing 30 Poultry units in 30 Villages
4. Vermi compost for promoting organic farming
 Reduce Drudgery and Stress among women
1. Plantation Activity
2. Management and conservation of water
3. Promotion of off seasonal vegetables in the village
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4. Capacity building on packing and marketing of Gao-Mutra and its by back

5. Exposure visit to Sachidanand Bharti Ji’s Project in Uffrainkhal Pauri and Sri Jagat Chaudhri
Jangli Ji mix forest at Kotla Malla Rudraprayag
 Capacity Building Programmes for the community and CBSOs
1. Motivation and capacity building training of villagers for growing traditional dry land
organic crops.
2. Environmental awareness, Yoga health and ayurvedic medical awareness camps.
3. Awareness generation camps on Replication of success stories as mix forest, water
conservation, land consolidation, conservation of natural resources, income generation
activities to propagate these activities through camps and audio visual presentation in the
area.
 Workshops and feedbacks from the experts
1. Midterm review workshops
2. Sharing and learning workshop with the user groups and experts from different background,
District Administration, Panchayat representation, Local NGOs, SEWA-THDCIL officials,
practitioners and local leaders.
10.5. Process of Implementation

The project named “Empowerment and Enhancement of livelihood programme for the 30
RIM area villages of Pratapnagar block in Tehri Garhwal Uttarakhand” was initiated to
create sustainable livelihood for the villagers of the Rim area of Tehri Dam Reserviour under the
THDCIL CSR-CD scheme. The project is a Long term project which started with Baseline
survey and then started working with the community, getting them together and getting them
heard. First two years were very difficult but then slowly convinced people to be a part of their
organization. Needs and demands and requirements are established by local people and support
is provided by THDC. HNB volunteers only provide technical support and knowledge. They are
not here to be leaders but to be guides. So don’t interfere in the local peoples business but only
make suggestions and give alternatives. Final decisions are made by SHGs or an individual
Continuation or discontinuation of activities is based on its success and need is decided through
villagers and success of activity. Then Rishikesh office decides if it is to be continued or not.
Everything is currently run as a pilot activity with small number of willing beneficiaries.
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Success of each over time will establish its large scale implementation. Since nothing like this
has ever been done before in this area all the projects first need to be piloted to see the activities
efficiency (ideologically and geographically), peoples readiness (mental and technical) and
whether or not people are able to sustain the activities executed with them. Eg: Bee keeping was
a failure and hence the activity was not continued.

 Introduced new techniques for farming and agriculture:
The project focuses on creating employability and livelihood for the communities that are in
need and where there is scope for intervention. India, its 70% of the population is dependent on
agriculture and specifically utilizing traditional methods for production of crops. This project
ensures implementing and introducing new concepts, techniques and methods at community
level to ensure livelihood to the community. Empowering SHGs through extensive farming
techniques, Mahila Mandals with environment awareness, community problems and dealing with
community affairs at village level, emphasizing on animal husbandry; promoting poultry and
goatry, breaking tradition patterns of agriculture; changing cropping pattern, poly house concept,
bringing new crops into picture for income generation and livelihood (haldi and oregano),
providing hybrid seed to farmers, promoting horticulture and floriculture, growing crops for
fodder that has more nutritional value, demonstrating new techniques on field with community.
Other livelihood options such as cutting and tailoring and computer trainings etc can be taken up
for development of the community. All these activities are carried out in 30 villages. The impact
is tremendous and project has created employability at village and household levels.
 Needs Assessment:
The needs should be prioritized according to the needs of the villages. It is appreciated that
project is covering 30 villages at same time and maximum of the activities are running in all
villages at larger as well as smaller level. The activities implemented within the project are very
much need based and have been designed keeping the local geography, resources and conditions
under consideration. This shows the level of involvement with the community and flexibility and
adaptation in the given activities to customize it according to every beneficiaries need.
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It is important to understand the need and demand of the community, it would be suggested to
streamline the project and activities should be limit on village level. This would be ensuring
better planning, functioning, organizing, efficiency and implementation of the project.
 Getting into the Community:
All the activities have been designed using information and knowledge of the local population to
understand their geography and the community is made involved in every step of the project and
its decision making process. The members of the team responsible for community outreach have
also been chosen from the community hence providing employment opportunity to the local
people. Engaging local population for outreach will also ensure convincing other community
members participation in the project activities as it increases a sense of trust.
 Farmer Self-Help Groups:
There are various activities implemented through these FSHGs such as Exposure visits to
agricultural demonstration plots, distribution of seeds to groups and encouraging community
farming, goat rearing and bee keeping. The formation of these FSHGs is working really well and
they have group meetings at least once in two months where feedback is shared and new
decisions taken. These meetings are held at any of the member’s houses and the formation of
these along with its associated activities will help community cohesiveness in the long run.
It has also induced a habit of saving in the community members and through these groups they
are learning money management along with all the training and awareness that comes with it.
The pass books are used as a monitoring tool to check the success of the FSHGs.
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Picture 17: FGD with Mahila Mandal Group
 Flexibility:
The activities under the project are all currently pilot projects which are being tried and tested in
the area to see what works and what needs remodeling. Hence willing participants are made part
of the program, individuals who are open to new ideas. Also, beneficiaries are selected by local
authorities and community members leaving no scope for ill feelings between community
members about either receiving or not receiving benefits from the project. Also, the activities and
the team of the implementing agency is highly flexible in terms of acceptance to change and
suggestions and open to re-modeling or redesigning their activities as and when required.
The activities are not restricted to the ones proposed in the proposal but interventions are made
as and when observed a need for by the team members and based on the conversations with the
villagers. For eg. It was observed that there is a heavy loss of crops due to man-animal conflict
and so the cropping pattern was changed. The villagers suggested growing exotic spices such as
Marjoram, oregano and sez which are less likely to be harmed by monkeys and pigs.
Most houses in Katholi Gaon, now, grow these spices which are yielding better results
financially apart from them not getting destroyed by animals. The presence of experts here helps
in a way that they understand that the growing of these spices reduces fertility of the land and
also the market for these is fairly limited which could result in major losses if proper market
93
linkages are not developed. And, hence, the team of HNB is helping promote farming of other
crops such as haldi and encouraging villagers to grow oregano ‘in addition to’ and not ‘instead
of’ other crops.
This illustrates that the team promotes ideas by the community in terms of guidance and
provision of complete support and also understand repercussions of certain activities and tries to
make amends without causing any financial or otherwise, harm to the community members.
 Decision making towards activities:
There is synchronization between the THDC and the implementing agency and decisions are
made in collaboration with both parties together. Continuation or discontinuation of an activity is
jointly decided based on the success of a programme and the information is then passed on to the
Rishikesh THDC office where the final decisions are taken. It was observed that there is clarity
of roles in both parties and no overlap of roles or ideas was observed.
 Presence of THDC:
The presence of HNB and THDC is very high in all the project area villages. The community
members are well aware about the presence of both the bodies and their respective roles. Given
that one of the objectives of CSR is also to promote goodwill of the company amongst
community members, knowledge of their existence and their work within the community is a
very good sign. . More efforts like hoardings, sign boards and wall writings etc can be
undertaken to generate more awareness regarding the various activities being implemented by
THDC. Also, knowledge of the community members about the presence and work of the
implementing agency suggests the reach of the implementing agency which is one of the biggest
markers of the success of their project.
 Community Participation:
Involvement of community is optimum and they are made part of the decision making process
which is creditable since it takes care of their needs and not imposition of the implementing
agencies ideas and also induces a sense of ownership for what’s given to them: tangible or
intangible in the form of knowledge and training.
 Project Replication:
The project being well researched and being handled by experts from the field maximizes
likelihood of its success since there is constant watch of an expert on the project. Scope of the
project is to produce model villages which can be used for development in other regions. For Ex.
94
Napier grass is introduced in the villages since it’s a high protein grass and it grows easily. It has
a soft stem that is easy to cut. It has deep roots, so is fairly drought-resistant. The tender, young
leaves and stems are very palatable for livestock and grow very fast. It also holds the land and
saves land from soil erosion.
 Sustainability:
Given the implementing agency is involving local population, for the most part, for the ground
level execution and implementation of the project, the project has a high scope of holding out to
be sustainable. The community mobilizers are being trained in the area of project execution and
management so that the implementing agency can slowly and gradually ease themselves out of
the area without the fear of the learning’s of the community being lost. The training to farmers
and other community members will also ensure that the impact of the project on the community
will be sustained for years to come. Also, since the implemented area was researched, the
activities have successfully managed to merge the natural resources of the geographical area
(like flora, fauna and herbs etc) to the livelihood of people. This, too, shall affect the likelihood
of sustainability of the project.
 Issues faced during Implementation:
Some of the issues that are faced by the implementing agency as they implement the project in
this area are:
a) Convergence with Government Schemes

b) Sudden and Unpredictable Climate change
c) Government policies are found to be not pro people
d) Lack of grassroot research and findings
e) Inadequate panchayat representation
f) Human wildlife conflict affecting productivity of farmers
10.7. Recommendations
 Implementation of the suggestions:
The observations and recommendations made in the report should be taken into consideration as
it would help implementing agency to bifurcate and streamlining of the project for better
95
outcomes and impact. The suggestion drawn from last report is merely visible on the field which
may affect the functioning of the activities.
 Equal distribution:
Any kind of intervention activity, for it to lead to an overall growth of the community or for it to
be called a developmental activity must benefit all the members of the community equally. Also,
it must be taken care that social determinants such as class, caste, etc. do not come in the way of
the quality and quantity of benefits received by the community. Eg: if seeds are being distributed
and if one farmer has less land than the other, and hence receives lesser seeds, he should be made
part of other schemes to balance out the benefits received by both the farmers. Doing this will
ensure equal and parallel growth for all members of society and result in narrowing the gap
based on distribution of wealth, instead of widening it further. In sum, social development should
be equal for it to benefit the society and goodness of the community as a whole.
 Collaboration with KMC:
The project can be collaborated with KMC as the work both the agencies are doing is same in
different locations. Both the agencies can learn from each other and can help each other in some
short comings. The exposure visits to the area of implementation of each agency should be
increased so that members of groups from both the agencies can learn from each other’s success
stories.
Discussing their project plans can also ensure that the villages in both the areas get similar
benefits since the project leaders for both the projects share their field of expertise, joining forces
could prove to be highly beneficial. Eg: One activity done by KMC is tapping into the individual
skills of the villagers and promoting these skills by involving other members of the SHG. One of
these was juice making which is made by roses and brass. If the scale of this is expanded, this
could promote floriculture and making and selling of the juice providing increasing employment
opportunities for a number of villagers.
 Follow-ups:
Regular follow-up visits can be made to the beneficiaries after exposure visits and training and
awareness programmes, so as to ensure that the knowledge is being put to use or to answer
question of the beneficiaries and look at gaps in execution by them, if any. However, the
verification of record needs to be done by THDC/ independent agency pertaining to the savings
and revolving funds for last three years. Also, since this project is a long term project and has
96
several activities running under the project it is essential conduct separate quantitative study to
fully cover all the aspects of the project by an Independent agency once in a year.
Picture 18; Self Help Group
 Water Shed Management for household’s ad agriculture fields:

Household level and cost-effective water shed management techniques can be employed to work
on the better usage of this resource since it’s available in plenty in these regions due to optimum
rainfall. Some of the villages already have water shed management, and more villages can be
made a part of this with the help of the community.
For irrigation purposes it will be suggested to construct recharge pits on agricultural fields to
improve the land and soil fertility to increase the production of the crops. The same initiative is
done by KMC in Deen Gaon where recharge pits are constructed on the hill and pond is repair on
the ground and rain water is automatically been collected in the pond that would recharge ground
water levels. Also, the water can be consumed for irrigation purposes.
Local efforts for water shed management can also have major benefits such as improvement of
irrigation facilities, reduction of soil erosion and recharge of ground water level. Also, soil and
water conservation should be linked to employment for effective implementation and obtaining
optimum results.
 Poly houses:
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The activity of developing a poly house was seen to be yielding beneficial results and should be
extended. More poly houses can be made so as to increase the number of beneficiaries and to
accelerate and encourage farming and alternate farming techniques in the villages.
Picture 19: Poly House
 Change of cropping pattern:

It was observed that in some villages like Kathali village, cash crops like oregano are being
cultivated since 5 years due to monkey menace. The yield of crop gets ready in every 4 months
and it can be cultivated in any season. Regular cultivation of single crop on the fields can reduce
the output and fertility of the land in the long run. Change in cropping pattern can be suggested
to the villagers and additional beneficial short term crops can be suggested to prevent the soil
fertility and land quality from deteriorating. Any other appropriate solutions, as considered fit by
the subject experts, can be introduced before any damage is done to the land.
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Picture 20: Women Working in Agriculture Fields
 Documentation:
As per the information provided by the implementation agency proper there is complete
transparency in process and execution. It would be suggested to implementing agency to
document their work as there are around wholesome 15-20 activities running under project.
Documentation helps in maintaining records which shall give clarity about the work executed in
past, present and future for the project as it also acts as a blue print. Monitoring is two-fold and is
done at the level of HNB as well as THDC through regular and timey site visits by THDC
officials. Though, HNB is an implementing agency it becomes foremost important to maintain
documentation because during external monitoring it helps them to understand the work without
difficulty and confusions.
 Sustainability:
For the sustainability of project, it is important to implement them in project mode manner for
long term. Initially, projects were implemented on pilot based that has the probability of success
or failure. At threshold the activities which have tremendous impacts amongst the community
should be formulated in project mode and should be implemented as long term intervention. The
replication of the project should be made in other villages as well. The short term activities or
one time activities do not impact as desired during execution. Whereas, project mode or long
99
term activities have larger impact on the community because project runs for 3-5 years mode
where community participation, inclusion of community, trainings, meetings and sessions,
understanding of the project makes community empowered.
 Streamlining of the project:
It was observed and analysed that maximum all of the activities are followed in every sampled
villages which deteriorate the quality of work. The effort and human resource required for such
projects is huge. It is important to streamline the project for better outcomes and impact. The
successful projects should be replicated in other villages as per the need and demand.
 Awareness towards government policies and programmes:
Due to poor government policies so convergence is a problem and there is no awareness amongst
people. Therefore, pressure groups need to be created to take this forward. As per implementing
agency and literature review (Uniyal, 2006), it can be said that women are not given a status of
farmer. So no benefits are given to women by the government as a farmer where as all the work
is done by women in the farms. Hence it is good to see that women are central to all the activities
in the project. However, awareness about government policies and their rights in addition to
efforts to converge with the government can be made to further this effort to empower women.
 Capacity Building of the villagers:
For project sustainability, smooth functioning of projects, community participation with
inclusion, comes along with capacity building and awareness generation of the villagers.
Initially, the project was running on pilot base mode and as of now the activities should be
transformed as long term project visualizing and visioning, communities running project of own
efforts and labour. Through capacity building which shall ensure self confidence, understanding
of the subject, technical aspects, pros/cons of the actions undertaken, community participation
are such important steps which should be imbibed in community. The role of the implementing
agency is to support them at initial levels and make them self sufficient and independent for
empowerment of communities. Later, the communities should run projects with their own
democratic decisions and actions.
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Chapter 11: Relief works for flood

victims of Uttrakhand
11.1. Introduction
In June, 2013 the state faced a natural disaster and landslides as in the form of heavy floods due
to cloudburst which carried away a lives of the thousands. The other regions of the North India,
Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh had experienced the flood and its consequences.
As per the sources of IMD, uttrakhand state had received >400% rainfall during this period. This
abnormal behaviour of rains had attributed to fusion of westerlies with the monsoonal cloud
system. This heavy precipitation resulted into the swelling of rivers, both in the upstream and
downstream areas. Besides, the rain water, a huge quantity of water was probably released from
melting of ices and glaciers due to high temperatures during the month of May and June.
The water not only filled up the lakes and river that overflowed but also may have caused
breaching of moraine dammed lake in the upper reaches of the valley, particularly during the late
evening on 16 June and on the next day i.e. 17 June 2013, killing about 700 persons, thousand
missing and trapping about a hundred thousand pilgrims12.
The conditions of the state was ghastly as landslides took place after the heavy rain falls, the soil
was eroded with huge trees, sediments, rocks, sand and stones. The major hazard later turned to
disaster when villagers started occupying the areas without gathering appropriate knowledge,
awareness and did not prepare themselves against this giant disaster. As we are aware of the fact
that June is the month for pilgrimage by Hindus and Sikhs and people often go to several temples
to worship gods and goddesses to Badrinath, Kedarnath and Hemkund Sahib before monsoons.
During that time a massive gathering of people was been observed as pilgrims, tourist, trekkers
and major occupation of the localities is tourism and their serves their hospitalist at this peek
season of time. During this time the water levels rose in rivers and people failed to understand
the reason behind it. Immediately after that all the people were trapped in that hazardous
situation which was not easy to escape.
12
http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/Uttarakhand%20Disaster.pdf
101
As per the sources, the river Mandakini changed its course to the west side when the moraine
dammed lake at Gandhi Sarovar breached13. The major destruction happened where the entire
physical infrastructure was swiped away with water. The city had to face debt and property of
crores was in water.
To flood relief and rescue operations many government, nongovernmental organizations, police,
local communities came forward united and faced the devastating situation. The major
destruction was held in Devparayag, Chamoli, Rudraprayag and Uttarkashi. The work done by
the army under operation Surya Hope is applaud-able and highly appreciable for saving several
lives. The rescue operation was also held through helicopters, Balley Bridges, Rope Bridge,
Timber Bridge and such quick and fast resources were built to rescue the people which would
help them to cross the river.
For the further survival of the victims food, clothes, shelter, medicines and monetary assistance
was provided through relief camps. The people who were evacuated from the disaster where
send to other parts of the city like Dehradun, Haridwar and downstream areas.
The after effects of disaster were landlessness, homelessness, migration, displacement and
rehabilitation issues that emerged up.
11.1.1. Reasons behind Disaster:

 Construction of hydro projects, dams, roads, hotels etc. It is reported that 70 hydro
projects have been established in the basins of the three major rivers; Alaknanda,
Mandakini and Bhagirithi.
 Constant blasting of the hills to build dams and tunnels.
 Private tourism companies have been reaping fabulous profits by constructing hotels
indiscriminately on the river banks. In the last 13 years alone, since the state of
Uttarakhand was created, hundreds of kilometers of new roads have been built, in a most
haphazard and unscientific manner14.
13
http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/Uttarakhand%20Disaster.pdf
14
http://www.cgpi.org/mel/voice-party/3032-floods-uttarakhand-conseq
102
11.2. Aims and Objectives of the Project

1. Rescue of victims
2. Provision of emergency medical care
3. Elimination of physical dangers (fire, gas leak etc)
4. Evacuation of population
5. Provision of preventive and routine medical care
6. Provision of water
7. Provision of food
8. Provision of clothing
9. Provision of Shelter

In view of the devastating impact of heavy rain fall in the state of Uttrakhand, THDCIL
management held a meeting with the senior officials and acted for immediate response to the
disaster by deploying relief and assessment teams to the affected areas.
At the time of disaster, during rescue operation THDC initiated and provided basic facilities to
the victims. Relief materials like tents, clothes, food items were distributed through District
Administration in the affected areas.
11.4. Distribution of Items in different areas of Uttrakhand

Details of Items Location
Support to DM Tehri for purchase of 50 tents Tehri
Distribution of Sarees, T-shirt and blanket through DM Tehri Tehri
Distribution of water bottles, biscuits, namkeen through VPHEP Joshimath
To facilitate team members of DMMC, Dehradun, UK with Bhagirathi and Alaknanda

rescue kits Valley
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11.5. Implementation of the project

The project was implemented in different areas of Uttrakhand for relief distribution. The relief
camps were organised in Tehri, Bhadrakali, Tehri Garhwal, Joshinath and Chamoli.
Relief Works at Tehri:
 Relief Camp was operational, round the clock, from 19th June, 2013 to 25th June, 2013 at
Koti Colony.
 Basis Assistance : More than 16,000 flood affected persons have been provided water,
tea and food
 Instant Relief :500 food packets were provided to those, who were in hurry to move to
Rishikesh
 Primary Health care Facilities: Round the clock medical assistance, 1322 patients
persons were provided first aid, medicines and life saving drugs
 Accommodation : Stay arrangement for 2000 flood victims in the camp
 Voluntary Participation: Around 70-75 staff members of THDCIL, along with their
family members, have been voluntarily providing their services in the camp, however,
finance part is being taken care by THDCIL.
 Relief Camp at Bhadrakali, Rishikesh
 A Relief camp was organised by the THDCIL’s employees at Bhadrakali, Rishikesh from
21st June to 27th June from their own resources.
 Apart from financial contribution, employees and their family members have additionally
provided cooked and readymade food material in the relief camp.
 Assistance through District Administration, Tehri Garhwal
Items Quantity
Milk (Tetra Pack), Milk Powder 1400kg and 25kg
Blankets 88
Sarees 200
T-shirts 216
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Bus Service 05
Light Vehicles 10
Water Tankers 04
 Assistance through THDCIL’s Joshinath office
Items Quantity
Mineral Bottles and frooti 3600
Biscuits 4000
Namkeen 4000
Packet Chips 1000
Chocolates 1000
 Assistance through THDCIL’s VPHEP office, Pipalkoti, Chamoli
Constitution of 02 teams of officers for assisting SDM (Joshinath) and SDM (Chamoli) in flood
relief. 01 team for dinding out whereabouts of missing persons at Rudraprayag/Gaurikund with
establishing a control room at VPHEP office site at Pipalkoti
 Provided 07 vehicles for transportation of flood affected victims

 08 Rooms for victims with B/F, lunch and dinner facility
 1200 food packets for air dropping
 Other material i.e. water bottle, Biscuits, Bread, Namkeen, Clothes etc to District
Administration.
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11.6. Impact and Observation

 The inference of the project was drawn from the reports made by SEWA THDC due to
inaccessibility of beneficiaries who were provided commodities during floods.
 The photos and group meeting reports were analysed for the verification of distribution of
goods.
 The items provided to the beneficiaries included food, shelter and clothing for their
survival.
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Chapter 12: Empower to Dam affected

peoples of Tehri Dam Project through
Goat rearing project for livelihood
security at Chamba.
12.1. Introduction
Livelihood plays pivotal role in individual’s life as it ensures fulfillment of basic amenities and
quality of life. In terms of development our country has major inclined towards physical
development which hinders the other parameters of development; social, political and human
aspects. India is rich in minerals, resources and human resource apart from it this country lacks
job opportunities and livelihood alternatives due to diversified rationale.
In Uttrakhand, the major issue is sustainability of livelihood which hampers growth and
development of communities and individuals. There are multiple factors constitute to this
situation e.g. lack of opportunities, migration for livelihood earnings, unemployment,
geographical conditions, etc. To combat these issues it is necessary to understand the dynamics
and issues to the core that would help them to intervene diligently. The major focus should be
drawn towards generating livelihood alternatives with the vicinity which might solve the issues
to a larger frame.
In the scenario of CSR, project is implemented on needs of the community with sustainable
approach. This project had provided beneficiaries a source of income through livestock rearing
which had improved the standards of living amongst the villages.

Grahmin Kshetra Vikas Samiti is a non-governmental organization that works with communities
in the hill state of Uttrakhand. The society was formed under Society registration act 1860, Sec
XXI Society Registration No-758/13236 D dated 24th June 1999. When a group of young people
started development works in the area of Tehri district. The young group’s main thrust was on
empowerment and drudgery reduction of poor people with special focus on women. This would
107
be crucial to their effort for restoration of rights to these marginalized communities. When young
people started this society, the status of women was very miserable due to heavy work load and
poor sanitation.
These young people decided work for sanitation, fodder development & provide drinking
facilities. This was achieved by training to various Department village Water Sanitation
Committee, constructing low cost toilet, fodder pot & Ferro cement tank with help of Unicef &
IFAD. Now society works in two state Himachal pardesh & Uttarakhand for empowerment of
women.
Although the society was registered in June 1999 but its length of service is quite long. It has
been carrying out its social services in rural areas of Uttarakhand. Society was registered with
basic aim of providing Training & social services to all community particularly to youth,
women, children and disabled persons residing in rural areas of Uttarakhand.
Experience society has been carrying out activities for the welfare of Rural People. These
activities include training to organization of awareness camp, vocational training program
family planning & construction of low cost toilet, rain water harvesting tank & fodder pot etc.
The society has been experience able to achieve this work by joining hands With HRD Cell UP
JAl NIGAM Lucknow, UNICEF, Swajal, Jalshanshthan, LIPH,IFAD, Ministry of Social
Justice ,ATI Nainital, Ministry of Rural Development & TSC. As a result The society has
acquired good experience in this field. So far, it employs 25 people on full time basis and has a
training hall that accommodates 300 participants. Residential capacity for 100 people & it has
5 office of which three are rented & two are own. Society has two vehicles & 10 computers.
Society has published an advertisement for recruiting new staff for the project. 15
12.2.1. Mission and Vision

There vision is to see women happy, children and Disabled from Happy Families and Happy
Communities. We are working with and for the process of progress for a society that is
sympathetic to, and in keeping with the wishes of women, Children and Disabled. Women,
Children and Disabled have a special bond with the natural world and working towards the
15
http://www.gkvs.co.in/Mission&Vision.html
108
regeneration of a society that makes children happy will ensure a development that is in harmony
with the environment.
Children are more sensitive, so involving children in the development process will ensure that
we adopt holistic approaches to development rather than concentrating only on economic and
material advancement. A society that is committed to the needs of its children is one that is
sensitive to the need of a development process that is based on the values of peace, harmony,
equality and sustainability. We want policy and action in the new state of Uttrakhand to center
on the development of happy children.
Their mission is to work with children and communities, it organizations/institutions,

government, technical and academic institutions and other civil society groups to create a society
where every child is happy- their well being assured. And naturally happy children need to be
happy families need happy communities in which to flourish.
All societies want their children to be happy and therefore work consciously or unconsciously
towards this end. We have to support and encourage families and communities to achieve this
seemingly straightforward goal of happy children. In societies where progress is slow or is
skewed we intend to work towards empowering communities to adopt a holistic and wholesome
approach to the processes of progress and development. Together we have to empower children
to be involved in the making of their own destinies. We will encourage everyone who agrees to
commit to our project.
Objectives:
 To provide sustainable livelihood to the Tehri dam affected families

 Establishing Self Help Groups for implementing the project
 Providing capacity building, trainings and information about the goat rearing
 Empowering the community for growth and development

It was identified that there is urgent need to establish livelihood alternatives for the Tehri Dam
affected community. To ensure safe and sustainable livelihood THDC had collaborated with
109
RADS to initiate a project. The project was identified by RADS and as per the need of the
villagers it was implemented within time frame. The project covered 30 self help groups and was
implemented in 2010-2012. The project is undertaken in 30 villages of Pratapnagar block and
Dunda block of Tehri and Uttarkashi Districts respectively.
12.4. Project Details

 Selection of Beneficiaries and formation of 30 Self Help Groups
The selection of the beneficiaries was finalized in open gram sabha meeting and interested
candidates were engaged in the project. The beneficiaries were divided in the groups as per the
village area and all the relative information was provided by RADS about the goat rearing
project.
 Training of Self Help Groups
After the selection and formation of the groups, RADS had provided them training about the
implementation of this project that includes technical knowledge, medical training/aid and other
general awareness, health problems and safety measures. The aim of the training was to
strengthen the groups.
 Helping SHGs for purchase of goats through revolving funds
In this process all the SHGs were helped to open their bank accounts and each of the group was
provided the revolving fund of rupees 42,000/- for purchase of the goats. During this phase the
bank had sanctioned the budget but later bank did not deposit money. It was acknowledged by
the RADS that many of the SHGs members were defaulters due to which bank cancelled the
process of providing funds.
110
Picture 21: Beneficiary of the Project
Later, THDC had provided 42,000/- to all the SHGs for the regular functioning of the project.
Around 12, 60,000/- amount was deposited in District Cooperative Bank.
 Medical aids and insurances
To ensure safety of animals, RADS had a clause which helped in getting insurance of goats if
any accidents happen. All kind of medical knowledge and basic ailments treatments information
was surpassed to the self help groups.
All the expenses like shelter, goat fodder and tools are the concern matter of RADS. Due to
severe health issues and goat dies then there is a provision of conducting a formal post mortem
by veterinary doctors. In case, it is proved that goat has natural death, the beneficiary shall
receive a new goat.
 Strengthening of Self Help Groups
It is pivotal to strengthen the functioning of SHGs to improve the efforts and sustainability of the
project. On an average 14 goats (12 female + 2 male) goats were made available to each SHG.
An agreement was signed in presence of gram pradhan, between SEWA-THDC and RADS with
certain norms and regulations.
1. Each SHG shall be helped with 15 female goats and 2 male goats
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2. After a year SHGs shall return equal number of goats which shall be given to new SHGs
and this way the process will keep revolving.
3. The kids born through goats will be entitled to beneficiaries
Return of revolving funds/goats by beneficiaries for sustainable model and new units shall be
formed for the continuation of the project.

 Community Presence:
It was observed that majority of the Self Help Groups are satisfied with the implementation
of the project. The major reason is the support and presence in the community of RADS that
had developed faith amongst villagers. On initial levels, RADS and SEWA-THDC has been
providing tremendous support to beneficiaries which have uplifted the maximum groups.
 Amendments:
Also, requested by villagers there should be amendments in the timeline of returning of

goats. The major issue discussed with beneficiaries was one year time is not sufficient
because in one year they do not get actual benefits which had created losses for them.
 Streamlining of the project:
To implement project it is essential to streamline the projects area, aims and objectives which
shall ensure better and effective functioning and execution of the project. The project was
implemented in 30 villages and keeping a tap on all the activities it becomes difficult which
simultaneously affects the quality of work. It is suggested to pilot test the study before
taking up any big project as it involves huge money and risk.
 Regular Trainings and Follow ups:
It was observed that covering 30 villages in a go becomes hectic and humanly impossible.
For resolving the problems in the community regular trainings and follow ups should be
mandate. This shall ensure string community presence of RADS and deliver quality of work
with documentation.
112
 Monetary gains and benefits:
While interviewing the beneficiaries it

was documented that beneficiaries are
satisfied with project. All the activities
such as feeding, shelter and medical care
is done by all group members. As they
have divided their days according to their Picture 22: New Born of Goats
convenience which do not create any

conflicts among them.
113
CHAPTER 13: CONCLUSION

In conclusion, it has to be noted that the implementation of CSR activities is in accordance with
the revised CSR guidelines issued by the DPE. The projects undertaken, while satisfying
community needs also ensure a heightened reputation for THDC by making their presence felt in
the community. The projects cover a wide range of activities aiming at human development from
a holistic perspective, including health, skill development and livelihood generation and
environmental sustainability through watershed development.
The initiatives of THDC have to be applauded at various levels, from the selection of projects, to
selection of implementing agencies and strategic mid-course corrections based on the
recommendations of the TISS NCSR Hub Team, along with regular monitoring by the THDC
staff. The achievements of the various projects can be realized from the actual benefits reaching
the community along with the accolades received from the various state-level organizations and
government departments. Most projects have now reached a mature stage which will provide
only a positive return to the community for years to come.
13.1. Implementing Agencies

The importance of choosing the implementing agency is as vital as structuring and picking the
right themes and projects for CSR. The implementing agency should ideally be chosen with the
following considerations:
i. Experience: The implementing agency should have experience in two contexts: work area
and geographical area. They should have been engaged in similar work which would help
establish their expertise in the field and also, they it is desirable if they have knowledge about
the area in which they would be implementing the project as different geography requires
different strategical considerations for implementation.
ii. Credibility: The implementing agency should have proper documentation and also adequate
resources required to implement a project in terms of human resources (subject experts and
enough man power for administration) as well as physical resources.
114
iii. Flexibility: The implementing agency should show openness for new ideas and novel
approaches and willingness and flexibility for adaptability and change in strategy as and
when required according to constantly changing surroundings and results.
The implementing agencies chosen by THDC for long-term programmes which require
project-mode implementation have been chosen with great caution. These agencies have the
right mix of all the required qualities and ability for developmental change. They have
proven to be efficient, reliant and self-motivated and have showcased determination and
complete involvement towards bringing change for the better and for overall growth. These
qualities would ensure making the projects a sustainable success.
13.2. Monitoring
The synchronization between implementing agencies, THDC and the beneficiaries is laudable.
There is proper monitoring from both the implementing agencies side and from THDC. There is
a huge involvement of THDC team, enough to be help exemplify proper project mode
implementation of a project and not just a funding or one time grant where all the responsibility
is handed over to the implementing agency. Involvement of the funders i.e. THDC can be said to
be one of the major reasons for the success and smooth functioning of these projects.
Involvement at every step and combined decision-making between the funders and the
implementing agency can ensure proper use of the funds being provided by making the funding
agency aware about how its money is being put to use so changes can be made to get optimum
results as and when required. It is also essential to monitor that effective and proper
communication is done to the community through various methods like pamphlets, banners,wall
writing etc. For all the projects especially long term projects monitoring and follow ups are very
crucial for keep a timely record and check
13.3. Presence of THDC in the community

Any kind of business or a financial endeavor is a two way process where the community depends
on the industry but the industry too depends upon the community and hence one reason for
conducting CSR activities is also to promote the goodwill of the company within the community
so as to ensure a harmonious existence of both. Due to THDCs direct involvement in the projects
and continued monitoring, there is a high presence of THDC within the community and people
115
are aware about who the project leaders for the projects being run in their villages are. This can
be said to be a major achievement for the company.
116

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Impact Assessment Report 2015

NATIONAL CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY HUB

Prof. Venkatesh Kumar

Mr. Amit Verma

Ms. Divya Jain

Mr. Amit Verma

Ms. Divya Jain

DATA ANALYSIS and REPORT WRITING

Ms. Divya Jain

This report is an outcome of the Impact Assessment undertaken by National Corporate

Prof. B. Venkatesh Kumar

Director, NCSR Hub, TISS

9.3. Projects of the Implementing Agency ......................................................................................... 76

13.2. Monitoring ................................................................................................................................... 115

1.1. CSR: A Historical Perspective

1.2. CSR: Definition:

1.3. DPE Guidelines and National Corporate Social Responsibility Hub

1. Nationwide compilation, documentation and creation of database;

1.4. THDC India Limited

1.4.1. THDCIL- CSR Concept:

In respect of activities to be implemented through SEWA/TES the Budget allocation is

1.4.2. Areas of Operation

1.4.3. The Challenge:

1.4.4. THDCIL CSR Initiatives Summary:

1.5. Structure of the Study:

1.6. Structure of the Report:

 To assess the Impact of the Projects executed by THDCIL in Tehri Garhwal.

2.2. Research Design:

2.4. Significance of the study

2.5. Ethical Considerations

Chapter 3: PDFSR – Project Directorate

3.1.1. Economic Indicators of the state:

3.1.2. Major challenges faced by Indian Agriculture

3.2. About Implementing Agency:

3.3. Objectives of the project:

3.4. Technological Interventions

3.5. Relevance of the Project

3.6. Activities under Ensuring Livelihood security through Farming

3.6.1. Crop Managements and Demonstrations activities:

Picture 1: High yield quality production

In all villages of Koteshwar and Kandisaur clusters demonstrations of cultivation of improved

3.6.2. Management of Horticulture Crops

3.6.4. Fodder Management for green fodder and for livestock

3.6.5. Trainings for Skill Development Programme

Picture 3: Interaction with villagers regarding the Impact of the project

3.7. Impact and Observations

Chapter 4: Construction of SC and ST

Picture 5: SC and ST Hostel

4.1.2. District's Education

4.1.3. Government's Mandate

4.2. Major Goals and Objective:

2. To ensure safe and secure environment for the students.

4.3. Relevance of the project

Picture 6: The location of SC and ST Hostel

4.4. About the Implementing Agency

4.5. Impact and Observations

2. The CSR activity initiated by THDC is presently dysfunctional as the

4. The infrastructure established by THDC is a sustainable asset to the community.

5. The hostel also has the facility of electricity.