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    0 Conditionalsandwishes

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    Liliana Ciubotariu
    This document discusses different types of conditionals in English, including zero, first, second, third, and mixed conditionals. It explains the tense used in the if-clause and result clause for each type of conditional. It also discusses expressing wishes using structures like "I wish" or "If only". The zero conditional expresses certainty. The first conditional expresses real possibility. The second conditional expresses unreal possibility or dreams. The third conditional expresses no possibility. Mixed conditionals combine clauses from different types. Wishes can be expressed using past tense forms or by saying "I wish you would..." to make a polite request.

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    0 Conditionalsandwishes

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    Liliana Ciubotariu
    35 views5 pages
    This document discusses different types of conditionals in English, including zero, first, second, third, and mixed conditionals. It explains the tense used in the if-clause and result clause for each type of conditional. It also discusses expressing wishes using structures like "I wish" or "If only". The zero conditional expresses certainty. The first conditional expresses real possibility. The second conditional expresses unreal possibility or dreams. The third conditional expresses no possibility. Mixed conditionals combine clauses from different types. Wishes can be expressed using past tense forms or by saying "I wish you would..." to make a polite request.

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    This document discusses different types of conditionals in English, including zero, first, second, third, and mixed conditionals. It explains the tense used in the if-clause and result clause for each type of conditional. It also discusses expressing wishes using structures like "I wish" or "If only". The zero conditional expresses certainty. The first conditional expresses real possibility. The second conditional expresses unreal possibility or dreams. The third conditional expresses no possibility. Mixed conditionals combine clauses from different types. Wishes can be expressed using past tense forms or by saying "I wish you would..." to make a polite request.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    35 views5 pages

    0 Conditionalsandwishes

    Uploaded by

    Liliana Ciubotariu
    This document discusses different types of conditionals in English, including zero, first, second, third, and mixed conditionals. It explains the tense used in the if-clause and result clause for each type of conditional. It also discusses expressing wishes using structures like "I wish" or "If only". The zero conditional expresses certainty. The first conditional expresses real possibility. The second conditional expresses unreal possibility or dreams. The third conditional expresses no possibility. Mixed conditionals combine clauses from different types. Wishes can be expressed using past tense forms or by saying "I wish you would..." to make a polite request.

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    COLEGIUL “MIHAI VITEAZUL” BUMBESTI-JIU

    IANOSI GIORGIANA
    ENGLISH TEACHER

    CONDITIONALS AND WISHES


    There are several structures in English that are called conditionals.
    "Condition" means "situation or circumstance". If a particular condition is true, then a particular result
    happens.
    If y = 10 then 2y = 20
    If y = 3 then 2y = 6

    ZERO CONDITIONAL: CERTAINTY


    It is used to show what always happens in a given situation, to express the laws of nature or a general
    truth:
    If you heat ice, it melts.
    Notice that we are thinking about a result that is always true for this condition. The result of the
    condition is an absolute certainty. We are not thinking about the future or the past, or even the present.
    We are thinking about a simple fact. We use the present simple tense to talk about the condition. We
    also use the present simple tense to talk about the result. The important thing about the zero conditional
    is that the condition always has the same result.
    This use is similar to, and can usually be replaced by, a time clause using 'when' (When I am
    late, my father takes me to school.)
    If I am late, my father takes me to school.
    She doesn't worry if Jack stays out after school.
    Conditional 0 is formed by the use of the present simple in the if- clause followed by the
    present simple in the result clause. The two clauses are separated by a comma. We can also put the
    result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.
    If he comes to town, we have dinner.
    We have dinner if he comes to town.
    In this kind of conditional, if can be replaced by when.
    When you put salt on ice, it melts.

    FIRST CONDITIONAL: REAL POSSIBILITY


    Type 1 conditionals are used to express a real or very probable situation in the present or
    future. The tense used in the result clause is future simple.
    It is formed by the use of the present simple in the if-clause to refer to a probable or possible
    present or future result:
    If we hurry, we will get there in time. (It is quite possible that we will get there in
    time.)
    To indicate a present action or future arrangement we use present continuous in if-clause:
    If you are looking for Mary, you will find her downstairs.
    To indicate the completion of an action we use present perfect in if-clause:
    If he has lost his keys, he will be angry.
    1
    To express permission, possibility, command, advice we use, in the result clause,
    can/may/might/must/should + bare infinitive.
    If he is in trouble, you must help him.
    In Type 1 conditionals we often use unless which means 'if ... not'. In other words, '...unless
    he hurries up.' could also be written, '...if he doesn't hurry up.’
    If it rains, we will stay at home. – Unless it doesn’t rain, we will stay at home.
    He will arrive late if he doesn’t hurry up. – He will arrive late unless he hurries up.
    Peter will buy a new car if he gets his raise. – Peter won’t buy a new car unless he gets
    his raise.

    SECOND CONDITIONAL: UNREAL POSSIBILITY OR DREAM


    The Second Conditional can be used to talk about imaginary present situations, where we
    are imagining something different from what is really the case. We can also use it to talk about things
    in the future that are unlikely to happen, as the condition is unlikely to be met. We use the past tense
    in the condition part and would for the result.
    IF Condition Time Result Possibility

      past simple present WOULD + base verb impossible

    I had the I don't have the time, so I'm not going to learn
    If   I would learn Italian.
    time, Italian.

      past simple future WOULD + base verb unlikely

    I won the I would travel around There's a very small chance of winning the
    If  
    lottery the world. lottery, so the trip is unlikely

    We can use other modal verbs in the past tense in the result part of the sentence:
    IF Condition Result Certainty

    WOULD + base
      past simple  
    verb

    I had the Although unlikely to happen, the speaker is sure that they
    If I would learn Italian.
    time, would do it given the opportunity.

    I had more I might learn Although unlikely to happen, it is only a possibility


    If
    time, Spanish. anyway. (uncertainty)

    I had more I should learn some Although unlikely to happen, the speaker is saying that it
    If
    time, more about IT. would be a good idea, but is not committed to it.

    I had more Although unlikely to happen, it is only a possibility


    If I could learn Hindi.
    time anyway. (ability)

    2
    With the verb to be, there are two forms that can be used with I, he, she & it:
    IF Condition Result

    I, he, she, it Were  

    If I were you, I'd marry her.

    I, he, she, it Was  

    If I was you, I'd marry her.

    THIRD CONDITIONAL: NO POSSIBILITY


    Type 3 conditional is used to refer to an imaginary situation in the past, a condition in the
    past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is
    also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.
    If I had studied more, I would have passed the exam. (I didn’t study much, so I didn’t pass the
    exam.)
    Condition Result What actually happened

      Past Perfect WOULD HAVE + Past Participle  

    If I had known, I would have helped. I didn't know and didn't help.
     
    IF Condition Result Certainty

    WOULD HAVE+ past


      past perfect  
    participle

    Although this didn't happen, the speaker is sure


    If I had known, I would have helped.
    about the result.

    Although this didn't happen, the result is only a


    If I had known, I could have helped.
    possibility.

    Although this didn't happen, the result is only a


    If I had known, I might have helped.
    possibility.

    Although this didn't happen, it is only a good


    If you had known, you should have helped.
    suggestion or piece of advice.

    MIXED CONDITIONALS

    3
    We can form mixed conditionals, if the context permits it, by combining an if-clause from one
    type with a main clause from another.
    If clause Result clause
    Type 2 Type 1
    If the plane landed late last night, he won’t be on time for work today.
    Type 2 Type 3
    If you were less impulsive, you wouldn’t have spoken to your supervisor like
    that.
    Type 3 Type 2
    If I hadn’t drunk the bad milk, I would be fine now.

    WISHES
    We can use wish/if only to express a wish.
    Verb Tense Example Use
    + past simple/past continuous I wish I was/were 10 years old. - to say that we would like
    (but I’m not) something to be different about a
    If only I were travelling with present situation
    you and not alone! It would be
    much more fun. (but I’m not)
    + past perfect I wish I had saved more money - to express regret about
    during my twenties. (but I something which happened or
    didn’t) didn’t happen in the past
    If only I hadn’t been so harsh
    to her! We could still be friends.
    (but I was)
    + subject + would + bare I wish you would stop spreading - to express: - a polite imperative
    infinitive rumours. - a desire for a
    If only it would be sunny on my situation or person’s behaviour
    birthday. to change

    - If only is used in exactly the same way as wish but is more emphatic or more dramatic.
    - We can use were instead of was after wish and if only: I wish I were/was a famous writer!
    - After the subject pronouns I and we, we can use could instead of would: I wish I could study
    art history.

    Bibliography

    Joseph Parsalis, Nicholas Stephens, Access to FCE, New Editions, 2002


    Bob Obee, Virginia Evans, Upstream Advanced, Student’s book, Express Publishing, 2003
    Bob Obee, Virginia Evans, Upstream Upper intermediate, Student’s book, Express Publishing,
    2003

    4
    www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses
    www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-conditional.htm
    http://esl.about.com/od/gramma1/a/conditional.htm

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