Report On Paktel
Report On Paktel
Report On Paktel
With the purpose of learning what kind of business environment should be. Such
knowledge could contribute to improve business operation in several ways, one of which
is the effective performance of employee.
In the balance of this report we present a brief review of the literature, the research
design, the rate of response to the questionnaires, findings, conclusions concerning our
inferences of the significance of the findings, and graphs depicting some of the trends of
the information. We will try our best to meet the hallmarks of scientific research.
This, then, is a summary of an extensive research project. As such, it does not nor cannot
possibly identify all findings and implications of those findings. Furthermore, readers are
likely to infer implications we did not see in the data, and we would appreciate hearing
about that. We have tried in this brief summary to say what has been done and reasons for
it, and to provide interpretation that seems to be appropriate. However, we do believe
much of the spirit of the project is captured in this report along with findings and
conclusion
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1) Broad Problem Area
Paktel is a mobile telecommunication company in Pakistan. It was the first ever company
granted license to carry out cellular phone services in Pakistan. Its main competitor
emerged in late 1990s as Instaphone and soon began to dominate the market. However
after the launch and rapid success of Mobilink in 1998, both services lost market share In
January 2007 Millicom sold Paktel for $284 million to China Telecom.
Paktel have seen a recesion period in previous years,and was not able to compete with
other telecomunication companies in Pakistan.But after its transfer of ownership to
chinese mobile company,it has started with a new turn.It has started its new projects and
trying to be in parallel with other companies.But still it has less turnover with their
projects and stated goals.They are facing certain problem.It can be in selection of
prject,strategies or in employee performance.or competitor pressure in market.
Problem at employee end was our main focus in conducting research.We tried to figure
out that either employee performance is affecting the turnovr or some other
reason.Through observation,we come to knw either a performace problem is a root cause
and directly affecting or it is just a syptoms and somthign indirectly causing it to be a
reason or hurlde in dersired effective output.
We started with basic data gathering through primary sources.We tried to get information
in different areas of system with different aspects so to can shape the main problem area.
They are a very diverse group but we will narrow down our research within Islamabad
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1.32) Managerial philosphy :
They have single basic department of Human resource management, hadling whole
workflow(recruitment, selection, resignation acceptance, training) of H.R.Their higher
management team is mostly based on chinese members, and 30 percent Pakistani
memebers,and secong level team comprising of Pakistani memebers.Their selection
method are formal test followed by interviews of concerned candidates.Basic
qualification needed is different for different level.Low lever manager having less than 2
yrs experience, bachelors or masters, having coomunication skills are preffered.Their
salaries are in range of 15,000/- to 30,000/- .2nd level are senior manager and manager and
asistant manager, qualification masters, with experince from 2 yrs to 5 yrs.Their salary is
in range 40,000/- to 50,000/-.they hire mostly on permanaent basis but also hire with a
little ratio on contract basis.Salary is paid in chinese currency.
Their workings hours are 8 hrs which can be extend, depending on work pressure, or
seminars and meetings.They are provinding annually bonuses on basis of
performance.Promotion expected duration is long, but also depend on
performance.Providing different facilities,or same facilities with variabilty, depending on
different ranks.They also started training processes,with different level of training with
variable duration to different ranks.
The basic loophole they are facing, is that they have not much high level skilled
candidates coming who can be suitable for high rank post.or either they need to hire from
other cellular and telecommunication companies but with a high paying cost ,as they have
to pay them larger amount they are getting from previous companies,Causing
demotivation in lower rank managers.Their most of selection acceptance is done by high
ratio of Chinese memebers, which have their own criteria in mind.So the problem can lie
in recruitment process,selction process,attraction for candidates,promotion chances.so in
nutshell broad problem area in Paktel can be define as in basic recruitment area, resulting
in less high level employees and less employee turnover.
These were basic data collected through all primay sources,to pinpoint basic variables
,affecting the system and to ensure that no other variable left out.Till now or broad
problem area has somewhat narrowdowned to circle of employee performance.Further
data collection procceded through secondary sources and giving it shape of lterature
survey,which is giving precise and comprehensive preview of all exixting variable in the
system enviornment.
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2) Literature Survey
2.1) Performance
Once have a sense that there is a performance issue or performance problem with a
specific employee, the very first step involves mapping out that problem in more
detail. It's very helpful to know when the problem occurs, under what conditions,
and the impact the problem has on your business or work-unit goals and
responsibilities
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• What are the most common causes of employee poor performance?
There are two main causes of performance problems. The first has to do with
employee characteristics. Employee performance is based on the following:
employee skill levels, motivation, ability, training, and other factors that "belong" at
least in part, to the employee.
The second type of cause has to do with the system in which work is done. In this
category are included: managerial behavior, allocation of resources, the effects of
colleague behavior, and a wide range of variables that are, by and large, beyond the
control of the individual employee
The most common pitfall, for managers, when trying to identify the cause of a
performance problem (diagnosing) involves making what is called an "attribution
error". That is, they attribute the cause of the problem to the employee, in its
entirety, assuming that the productivity problem is caused by a deficit in the
employee, and only a deficit in the employee
Of course, this can be true and accurate, but it can also be a) completely wrong, or
more likely b) only partially accurate. The reality is that many performance
problems occur as a result of the system in which the person works. For example, an
employee may be less productive over time if the tools s/he is given are faulty, poor
or inadequate. Certainly, that not the fault of the employee and it's not something the
employee can even control.
In many situations, performance problems are jointly caused. That is, the causes lie
both with the employee and the environment or system (and that includes
managerial behavior). The two "causes" often interact, which is why will find that
two employees doing the same job in the same environment can be differentially
productive. Anyway, the point is not to rush to judgment and attribute a productivity
problem solely to the employee. It's unfair to do so, and what's worse, aren't likely to
be able to fix the problem unless also look at the work environment. When
diagnosing performance look at employee factors as contributors and the bigger
picture
We will consider all direct or indirect affecting variables, mention above and later,
in our research, and then finally will come to any conclusion.
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2.3) FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEES INVOLVEMENT IN JOBS:
The environment that people are required to work in can have a significant impact on
their ability to undertake the tasks that they have been asked to do. This can affect
productivity and employee health and well-being. The key factors fall into two categories,
those that are driven by procedures, protocols and management requirements and the
factors that arise from premises, office or factory design.
The work environment can also have an impact on an individual’s ability to work safely,
competently and in compliance with operational performance targets. It is important to
address the following:
•Work space availability. Have you determined whether there is adequate space available
for the tasks the individual is required to undertake? Are desks/computer terminals being
shared and is this affecting productivity or causing stress? If the individual is working in a
manufacturing area and they need to complete documentation or carry out inspection is
there a work station available in their work environment close to where they work?
•Light intensity. The requirements for light intensity and type of light should be
determined as insufficient light will impact on visual inspection activities.
•Weather/temperature. Is the area where the individual is required to work too hot or too
cold, open to the weather/elements? If there is a requirement to work outside or in adverse
temperatures does the company provide adequate controls, clothing or equipment?
•Ventilation/humidity. Does the work environment contain poor quality air that could
cause fatigue or a reduction in performance?
•Noise/vibration. Can vibration affect an individual’s performance or safety? Is it a
requirement to wear ear protection? Could this adversely affect performance?
•Odour/dust or other emissions. How is this assessed and if required controlled to ensure
personnel safety?
•Premises hygiene/welfare facilities. Is the area that the individual is expected to work in
hygienic, clean and tidy? Does the level of clutter affect performance? Is the area so
filthy, unhygienic or infested with pests that it causes stress to those individuals working
there? Are staff facilities, toilets, washrooms, canteens, coffee making facilities
appropriate and maintained in a hygienic state?
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ON THE BASIS OF ( Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development’s annual survey
1997-2001)
4. Less skillful employees like Sales, operative and elementary employees were the
least likely to have opportunities for direct participation. Level of qualification
required for the job, was also strongly associated with direct participation.
HR INSIDER SERIES
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Performance Appraisals –How to Make Them Work For You by Steve Lemmex,
Global Knowledge Course Director,
• Poorly done, less performance appraisals can leave you with underperformers who
lack the direction to change their behavior, good performers who feel
unrecognized for their work, and, worse yet, problem employees who should be
dismissed, but a lack of appropriate documentation prevents this.
Other factors
• Recruitment strategies
• Internal communication
• Workloads
• Performance management
• Development of a stress policy
• Higher absenteeism and no action against it.
• Less employee retention
• Less hardworking and motivating.
• Less norms, reward and promotion and other facilities.
• Less training
• Less reputation enhancement
• Less attractive pays according to capability.
• Less job satisfaction.
• Contract type job.
• communication frequency
• supervisor job performance
• Less or poor guidance and Style of instruction:
• Age factor and its interrelation with training, experience of individual, general
knowledge and exposure to Business world.
• Confidence level.
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3) Theoretical Framework
Moderating Variables
Academics
Training
Well
Motivatio
Defined
n
Policies
Managerial
Behavior
Division
Of
PERFORMANCE
Work
Compensation
Job
Confidence
Satisfaction
Performance
Appraisal
Experience
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Problem Definition:
3.1) Explanation:
Variables Identification:
Variables Relations:
The dependent variable is performance, which is of primary interest, and which is varying
by the influence of seven independent variable.
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their job in desired way and will be thus effective in achieving standard. so it is directly
strengthening performance
• Division of Work: Allocating proper type of work to right person will also be
helpful in effective performance of every employee .Management taking in
account, that who is capable of which sort of work, knows the right way of taking
desired output from employees.
• Well Defined Polices: Secondly, proper rules and polices for employees will also
speed up the performance. There should be controlling body, to take action
against any wrong behavior .or higher absenteeism and should be enough flexible
to listen to heir employees. Proper rule and tracking that if they are followed will
lead to effective performance.
All independent and moderating variables will boost up the job satisfaction and
confidence which are the foundation of success, and effective & valuable
performance. Inner satisfaction and confidence will make the employee to perform
any given responsibility with honesty, sincerity and with best input of abilities.
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4) Operational Definition: Dimensions and Elements
Managerial
Behavior
Verbal/Written
Appreciation
Periodic/Regular
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Operationalizing the concept of Motivation
Motivation
Meeting
Deadlines
Absentees
Target
Achievement
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Opertionalizing the concept of Well Defined Policies
Well Defined
Policies
Control Awareness
Training
Rigid/ Orientation
Flexible
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5) Hypothesis Statements
Following are some hypotheses which can be developed from the literature we consulted
and the given theoretical framework irrespective of there are many other factors involved
in the whole scenario which we haven’t taken to narrow down our scoop for this report.
• Acadmeics
• Training
• Managerial Behavior
• Division Of Work
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• Compensation
• Performance Appraisal
• Experience
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6) Research Design
Purpose of Study
Type of Investigation
Unit of Analysis
Unit of analysis for the undertaken study is INDIVIDUALS; as we will get information
by individual employees and will treat individual response as data source. While
observations at very start are in general of employees performance.
Time Horizon
While the topic is so vast, complex and affected with the time factor along many other
factors that it can be prolonged to a longitudinal study. But due to time limit we can only
conduct this research as one-shot. So it is CROSS SECTIONAL
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7) Data Collection Method
We have used questionnaires as our data collection instrument and we have personally
administrated the questionnaire. The questionnaire used for our study is given. As we
personally administered the questionnaires so we have 100% return rate. The responses
that we gathered from respondents by questioners have been summarized in graphical
form.
Distributing Questioners
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8) Data Collection Instrument
Questionnaire
Dear Participant,
3. Put the most appropriate response number for you on the side of each item, using the
scale below.
Extremely Extremely
Satisfied 5 4 3 2 1 Unsatisfied
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6. How do you feel about your salary?
7. Indicate the weightage you give to each of the following four aspects in terms of
appraising the performance of an employee in the organization by allotting points for
each to total 100 in all
Promotion ____
Bonus ____
Extra Facilities ____
Positive Reputation Enhancement ____
___________________________________________
Total 100
___________________________________________
a) Yes b) No
9. What is the channel of giving instructions between employees and the manager?
a) Verbal b) Written
10. State how would you rate yours manager’s behavior with respect to each of the
characteristics mentioned below, by circling the appropriate number.
+3 +3
+2 +2
+1 +1
Instruction per Immediate
Task Feedback
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
+3 +3
+2 +2
+1 +1
Appreciation Monitoring
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
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11. Circle the number that is close to how you feel about the statements given below.
__________________________________________________________________
Very Very
False True
13. How rigid rules and policies are of your organizations for the employees?
Extremely Extremely
Rigid 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Flexible
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The questions in the survey may not have afforded you an opportunity to report some
things you may want to say about your job, organization or yourself. Please make
additional comments needed, in the space provided
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Name _________________
Occupation _________________
Education _________________
I sincerely appreciate your time and cooperation. Please check to make sure that you have
not skipped any questions inadvertently.
Thank you!
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Description of Questionnaire
In above question we used Likert Scale. This also uses the interval scale. We used likert
scale because we wanted to measure the magnitude of the differences in the preferences
among the individuals. From the above-mentioned question, we will come to know the
exact number of employees who have improved their performance through training.
Regarding this (question) we can also measure whether the company is offering
appropriate training to the employees for efficiency of their performance.
This question uses Category Scale, which also uses nominal scale. By this question we
can analyze that excess training can hamper their performance.
3. Put the most appropriate response number for you on the side of each item,
using the scale below.
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• I enjoy performing the daily activities of my job ____
• I will stay overtime to finish a job even if I am not
paid for it ____
In above question Itemized Rating Scale, which uses interval scale is used. With the help
of above mentioned statements we will come to know whether proper type of job is being
allocated to right person because proper division of work among employees improves the
performance positively.
Category Scale, which uses nominal scale, is used in this question. Above question is to
measure working time limitation.
Extremely Extremely
Satisfied 1 2 3 4 5 Unsatisfied
Above question uses Numerical Scale. This is also interval scale. This question is to
measure the satisfaction of hectic workload on employees.
The question mentioned above uses Face Scale. This is also interval scale. Above
question will help us analyze the financial satisfaction level of the employees regarding
their salary package.
7. Indicate the weightage you give to each of the following four aspects in terms of
appraising the performance of an employee in the organization by allotting
points for each to total 100 in all
Promotion ____
Bonus ____
Extra Facilities ____
Positive Reputation Enhancement ____
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___________________________________________
Total 100
___________________________________________
It is a Fixed or Constant Sum Scale. This is more in the nature of an ordinal scale. In the
given question to analyze on which of the above mentioned four aspects does the
company emphasis more in respect of positive performance.
a) Yes b) No
In above question we used Dichotomous Scale, which uses nominal scale. With the help
of above question we can categories two mutually exclusive groups. The information
generated from above question will help us in calculating the percentage (or frequency) of
employees who think that their benefits are sufficient and those who think that their
benefits are insufficient.
9. What is the channel of giving instructions between employees and the manager?
a) Verbal b) Written
Above question uses Category Scale. This also uses the nominal scale. It will help us
understand
• How formal the atmosphere of a company is?
• What is the channel of communication among employees and the manager?
10. State how would you rate yours manager’s behavior with respect to each of the
characteristics mentioned below, by circling the appropriate number.
+3 +3
+2 +2
+1 +1
Instruction per Immediate
Task Feedback
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
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+3 +3
+2 +2
+1 +1
Appreciation Monitoring
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
The above mentioned question uses Stapel Scale, which is also an interval scale. It will
help us measure both direction and intensity of attitude of employees towards the
immediate feedback, monitoring, appreciation and instructions given by the manager.
11. Circle the number that shows how you feel about the statements given below.
__________________________________________________________________
Very Very
False True
In this question Numerical Scale is used. This is also an interval scale. The above
statements will help us to measure the motivation level of each employee. It will give us
an idea of how enthusiastic and devoted employees of a company are for achieving
anything that will not only benefit their self but also the system.
The question stated above uses Category Scale. This also uses nominal scale. It will help
us in measuring the experience and consistence level of employees.
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13. How rigid rules and policies are of your organizations for the employees?
Extremely Extremely
Rigid 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Flexible
The above mentioned question uses Numerical Scale, which is also an interval scale. It
will help us measure the implementation of autocratic or either democratic management
style.
The above stated question uses Graphical Rating Scale. This is an ordinal scale. With the
help of this question we will come to know how many employees are aware of the
policies and system of a company.
Occupation _________________
Education _________________
It is an Open Ended Question.The above question states whether the qualification of the
employee is up to the required standard of his/her designation or job status.
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